高考英语二轮复习阅读理解名师课件(59).ppt

1、 第一篇专题复习阅读理解阅读理解第三节阅读理解之推理判断题第三节阅读理解之推理判断题 返回.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。2It makes no difference(to sb.)whclause 做并不重要，无关紧要，没什么不同 返回活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)你做什么对我无关紧要。_(2)不管他去或是不去，对我都没有影响。_It makes no difference to me what you do.It doesnt make any difference to me what y

2、ou do.It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.返回.阅读理解之推理判断题所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。广东卷中的推理判断题主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读 返回者、推断写法意图等。但以推断隐含意义的题居多。推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示

3、)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。解题技巧 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。返回1解答这类题的一般步骤是：(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。返回2选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推

4、理；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文；(3)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案；返回(4)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；(5)如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；(6)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；返回(7)注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively,rather则常带有否定的口气；(8)某些过渡词(例如：however,but,on t

5、he contrary,whats more)后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。3此外，可采用主旨推断法：在理解短文大意，明确文章主旨的基础上，进行推断，从而得出符合情理的结论。返回4推理判断型常见的命题方式有：(1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a_.(2)We can infer from the text that_.(3)It can be inferred from the text that _.(4)From the letters weve learned that its very _to know som

6、ething about American social customs.返回(5)From the story we can guess_.(6)From the text we know that_.(7)What would happen if.?(8)The story/passage implies that_.(9)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.(10)The writers attitude toward.is_.返回(11)The author implied(suggested)that.

7、(12)It may be concluded from the passage that.(13)Which of the following statements does the passage support?(14)With which of the following does the author agree?(15)Where would this passage most probably appear?(16)What is the tone(语气)of the author?返回典型例析 The position was offered at the last minut

8、e,and I was given two weeks to prepare,a period I spent searching for briefcase(公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror,repeating the words,“Hello,class.Im Mr.Davis.”Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually came,my nerves

9、kicked in and the true 返回 Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor,but rather a 12yearold boy.37What can we learn about the author from the Paragraph?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first

10、class.返回 DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.解析：推理判断题。根据本段中的“But when the day eventually came,my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.”和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor,but rather a 12yearold boy.”可知本题选C。答案：C 返回(2012年高考)It is not just unkind but also dangerous to

11、 say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.Ive never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the Mum.What is im

12、portant is feeding a baby in the best way,though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.返回32What does the author think about Dr King?AHe is strictBHe is unkindCHe has the wrong ideaDHe sets a timetable for mothers 返回解析：推理判断题。由第三句“Ive never heard anything so ridiculous(荒谬可笑的)”以及本文最后一句

13、可知。答案：C 返回 (2012年高考)One evening,I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses,and as usual I ran into something.“Im awfully sorry，”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again.When it happened a third time,I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.This was just one o

14、f the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop,which was a request stop,where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers 返回wanted to get on or off.No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation,because I hated

15、 showing I was blind by asking for help,I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.In the end,I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.返回39What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a

16、bus?AOther vehicles also stopped there.BIt was unreliable for making judgments.CMore lorries than buses responded to the girl.DIt took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.返回解析：推理判断题。由“Sometimes I would stop a big lorry”可知，靠声音来判断有时是靠不住的。答案：B 返回 (2013年高考).Some months later,when we were playing

17、 chess,he looked up at me suddenly.“Its your turn，”he said.After that day,David started talking.He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.He wrote to me a few times：about his biking with some friends,and about his plan to get into university.Now he had really started to live his own life.返回

18、39.What can be inferred about David?AHe recovered after months of treatment.BHe liked biking before he lost his family.CHe went into university soon after starting to talk.DHe got friends in school before he met the author.返回解析：推理判断题。从上面几段的叙述，即从Some months later至Now he had really started to live his

19、 own life可以推断，David恢复了，故选A。选项B和D若正确，就会有朋友同David分担悲伤了，也就没有必要来同作者下棋了，故可排除。答案：A 返回1When I was a teenager,my mothers broken English embarrassed me.But now,I see it differently.To me,my mothers English is perfectly clear,perfectly natural.It is my mother tongue.Her language,as I hear it,is vivid,direct,a

20、nd full of observation and wisdom.It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things,expressed ideas,and made sense of the world.返回What does the author think of her mothers English now?AIt confuses her.BIt embarrasses her.CIt helps her understand the world.DIt helps her tolerate rude people.

21、返回解析：由该段“But now,I see it differently.To me,.and made sense of the world”可知答案为C。答案：C 返回2When I put on my flashlights,I was saying to other drivers,“I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I can.”And everyone understood.Several times,I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldnt get around

22、 me because of the stream of passing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and angry,they waited,knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.返回What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?AThey speeded up to pass.BThey waited with patience.CThey tried their best to hel

23、p.DThey put on their flashlights too.返回解析：推理判断题。由该段中的“But instead of getting impatient and angry,they waited,knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak”可知本题选B。答案：B 返回3Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far betw

24、een.More often,it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.In this passage,the author advises us to_.Ahandle problems by ourselvesBaccept help from others 返回Cadmit our weaknessDshow our bravery解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“More often,it

25、would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.”可知答案C项正确。答案：C 返回4However,it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of

26、 the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its head away,it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same signals submission.Some cats and dogs may fight when_.返回Athey are cold to each otherBthey look away from each othe

27、rCthey misunderstood each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age 返回解析：推理判断题。根据该段中的“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”一句可知答案C正确。答案：C 返回5The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along,inclu

28、ding neighbors,colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.返回BWe should know more about animals.CWe should live in peace with animals.DWe s

29、hould learn more body languages.解析：推理判断题。通读全文不难判断：猫狗且能和谐相处，人类有何不可？根据该段大意可知本题选A。答案：A 返回6A year after graduation,I was offered a position teaching a writing class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered,though several of my stories had been published.I accepted the job without hesit

30、ation,as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name,and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused.“Wait a minute，”someone might say,“are you talking about Mr.Davis the retired man,or Mr.Davis the respectable scholar？”返回The author too

31、k the job to teach writing because_.Ahe wanted to be respectedBhe had written some storiesChe wanted to please his fatherDhe had dreamed of being a teacher 返回解析：推理判断题。根据该段中的“as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.”一句可以推断出本题选A。答案：A 返回7“All right then，”I said.“Okay,here we g

32、o.”Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment.I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk,offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day.I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk,overlooking a forests of hands

33、.Every student would yell,“Calm down,youll all get your turn.One at a time,one at a time！”返回A terrible silence ruled the room,and seeing no other opinions,I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.The author chose the com

34、position topic probably because_.Ahe got disappointed with his first classBhe had prepared the topic before class 返回Che wanted to calm down the studentsDhe thought it was an easy topic解析：推理判断题。从第一段中的倒数第二句和第三句到最后一段的“A terrible silence ruled the room,and seeing no other opinions.”可以看出作者很失望。答案：A 返回8Gen

35、erally in this situation,because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help,I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.In the end,I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.But on this particular

36、 evening no one joined me at the stop;It seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus.Of course I heard plenty of buses 返回pass,or I thought I did.But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself,I let them all go by.I stood there alone for half an hour w

37、ithout stopping one.Then I gave up.I decided to walk on to the next stop.Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop,hoping _.Ato find people there 返回Bto find more buses thereCto find the bus by herself thereDto find people more helpful there 返回解析：推理判断题。从“I had given up stopping them for fear

38、of making a fool of myself”可知，她本人不想拦车了，又由“managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help”可知，她是决定找人帮忙了，而在本站没有人，去下一站当然就是希望在那里可以找到人帮忙。答案：A 返回 9Everyone in the class made a poster.Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins,while others used nothing but colored construction pape

39、r.Some of us used big designs,and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewers attention to it.Some of us would wander past the good students desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness.It was yet

40、 another grownup trick of the soil they seemed 返回especially fond of making all of us believe we had a fair chance,and then alwaysalwaysrewarding the same old winners.I believe I drew a sailboat，but I cant say that with any certainty.I made it.I admired it.I determined it to be the very best of all o

41、f the posters I had seen,and then I turned it in.Minutes passed.返回No one came along to give me the grand prize，and then someone distracted me,and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.We can infer from the passage that the author_.Aenjoyed grownup tricks very muchB1oved poster

42、competitions very muchCfelt surprised to win the competitionDbecame wise and rich after the competition 返回解析：推理判断题。由“alwaysalwaysrewarding the same old winners,I cant say that with any certainty”和“I probably never.”等可推断出，作者对得奖还是惊讶的。答案：C 返回10I dont want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，perso

43、nal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.According to the author，handwritten notes _.Aare harder to teach in schools 返回Battract more attentionCare used only

44、 between friendsDcarry more message解析：推理判断题。由该段第一句“the expressive,personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does”可知。答案：D 返回11What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th century Italy.That may soun

45、d impossibly grandas if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings.However,they have worked in many school systems.We can learn from the passage that the author_.Athinks it impossible to teach handwriting 返回Bdoes not want to lose handwritingCputs the blame on the computerDdoes no

46、t agree with Florey解析：推理判断题。由该段段意可推知作者不想让handwriting失传。答案：B 返回 12Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself.Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way,youve got to love yourself first and thi

47、s can be tricky.Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes,and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics.But sometimes its a lot harder to think 返回such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a

48、 challenge,it is time you build a positive self image and learn to love yourself.Who are the intended readers of the passage?AParents.BAdolescents.CEducators.DPeople in general.返回解析：由该段第4句中“were the apple of our parents eyes.our Grandmas think were.and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the

49、Olympics”等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的，故选B。答案：B 返回13“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you？”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy

50、 in waves，”he said.Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.返回When waves come toward the shore.The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.“The resource is huge,”said Janet Swain of the Worldwatch Institute.“We will never run out of wave power.”Swai