动词不定式专题复习解析课件.ppt

1、 T h e I n f i n i t i v eT h e I n f i n i t i v e 动词不定式 动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的构成：肯定式：肯定式：to+动词原形动词原形否定式：否定式：not to+动词原形动词原形 复合结构复合结构:for sb.to do动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法动词不定式可充当的句子成分：动词不定式可充当的句子成分：主语主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 状语状语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 注：动词不定式不能作谓语注：动词不定式不能作谓语 A.不定式作主语不定式作主语（一定要带（一定要带to,to,谓语动词要用单数）谓语动词要用单数）To play

2、 video game is fun.To learn English well is important.不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用itit作形式主语，而将真正作形式主语，而将真正的主语即动词不定式放在句末，构成固定句型。的主语即动词不定式放在句末，构成固定句型。It isn.(for sb.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,ones duty,ones job,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。It takes sb.some timeto do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。I

3、ts+adj.+（for/of sb.)+to do sth.该句型意为“做某事对某人来说是”。不定式作主语的常用句型不定式作主语的常用句型:1.Its clever of you to refuse her.2.It was careless to make such a mistake.3.Its very kind of you to help us.1.Its necessary for you to give up smoking.2.Its easy for me to do that.3.Its very hard for him to study two languages.形

4、容词为描述人的品质的词形容词为描述人的品质的词,使用使用of。（。（形容词修饰不定式时用介词for.形容词修饰逻辑主语时用介词of.）good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,honest,careful,polite,wrong,bad,foolish,careless。for sb./of sb.的区别的区别用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用道理上通顺用of，不通则用，不通则用for。1.Its very nice of you to say so.You

5、 are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)2.Its hard for him to finish the project by himself He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for)不定式像名词一样，可以放在不定式像名词一样，可以放在bebe动词后面。动词后面。1.My wish is to visit London next year.2.Toms idea is to go to Forest Park to have a picnic.3.The important thing is to save lives.4.My wish is to write a goo

6、d book for children.5.Our work is to build the highway.6.My job is to teach English.7.My idea is.8.My suggestion is.B.不定式作表语不定式作表语ones wish/job/aim/goal/ambition/plan/dream/way/work/hope/duty/idea/suggestion is to do/be(1)I hope to be a doctor.(2)She decided to make another try.(3)They all want to s

7、ee the film.(4)We hope to be back home at 6:00.(5)Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.常见的能跟带常见的能跟带to不定式的动词及短语：不定式的动词及短语：want/wish/hope/decide/learn/plan/would like/get ready to doC.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语e.g.I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They fo

8、und it impossible to get everything ready in time.it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。sb.believe/think/consider/feel/make/find+it+adj.+to do sth.1.I dont know where to go.2.He didnt know what to do./how to do it.3.Can you tell me how to get there?4.I cant decide which to choose.5.The tea

9、cher showed us how to use a computer.“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构可以转换为从句形式结构可以转换为从句形式1）I dont know where I will go.2）He didnt know what he would do/how he could do it.3）Can you tell me how I can get there.4）I cant decide which I will choose.5)The teacher showed us how we could use a computer.不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，

10、作宾语不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，作宾语1.We have come to learn from you.2.I got up early to catch the bus.3.The boy is old enough to go to school.4.He was too excited to say a word.5.She was surprised to hear the news.6.Im glad to meet you.D.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示等。等。表示表示表

11、示表示表示表示He came here just He bought a bicycle.He went home.He came here to see Charlie.He shouted and waved to be noticed.He went early not to miss the train.I turned the radio down not to disturb him.为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，通常可以用为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，通常可以用in order(not)to 或或 so as(not)to (so as to 不能放在句首）不能放在句首）可以和可

12、以和so that引导的目的状语从句转换。引导的目的状语从句转换。Mr Li got up early so tht he could catch the early bus.Mr Li got up early so as/in order to catch the early bus.一般用在一般用在enough to,tooto 等结构中等结构中,可以和可以和sothat引引导的结果状语从句转换导的结果状语从句转换1.He ran fast enough to catch up with them.2.He is too young to go to school.3.She was t

13、oo excited to say a word.He ran so fast that he caught up with them.He is so young that he cant go to school.He isnt old enough to go to school.She was so excited that she couldnt say a word.be+adj（glad .sorry .sure.happy.afraid.surprised 等表情感的形容词后）+to do sth.ask/tell/order/want/invite/allow/like/wa

14、rn/encourage/teach would like sb to do 1.My mother always likes me to get up early.2.Lucy often teaches me to learn English.3.She doesnt want her to attend the meeting.4.I asked him to show me the new dictionary.5.She asked me to stay there.6.Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.E.不定式作宾语补足语不

15、定式作宾语补足语e.g.1.He observed someone open the door.2.I watched them get into the car.3.Did you notice him leave the room?学会记忆学会记忆:作宾补不带作宾补不带to.一感：一感：feel二听：二听：hear,listen to三使役三使役/让：让：let,make,have五看：五看：see,watch,look at,observe,notice可带可不带可带可不带to：help总结总结:省省to 的不定式的不定式1）情态动词(除ought 外，ought to)：2）使役动词

16、let,have,make3）感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补,省略to。4）would rather，had better5）Why dont you/why not：6）help 可带to，也可不带to,help sb.(to)do sth.7)had better(not)8)Will/Would you please?1.I have a lot of homework 2.Do you have anything 3.My father has something im

17、portant 4.Would you like something 5.Here is a book for you 6.I have no time 7.He needs a room 8.He was always the last 9.Betty was the first 10.She usually has a lot of meetings in the evening.11.I want to get something during the vocation.F.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，通常总是以短语的形式在句中出现的，时，通常总是以短语的形式在句

18、中出现的，因此作定语时因此作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式是不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式是，它后面应加上相应的它后面应加上相应的1.The nurse has five children to look.2.Lets first find a room to put the things.3.Please pass me some paper to write on.4.Theres nothing for us to worry about.5.She has a nice pen to wri

19、te with.6.He bought a flat for the family to live in.e.g.He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.当名词被当名词被the first,the last,the only 等序数词以及形容词最等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语。高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语。the first,the last,the next,the only to do sth注意注意作简短回答或避免不必要的重

20、复时，动词不定式作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去常常省去to 后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Ex：1.To do that sort of thing is foolish.2.I want to see you this evening.3.The work you have to do no

21、w is to finish it quickly.4.We found a house to live in.5.She came here to study English.6.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补不定式短语whatwhowhichhow +不定式不定式whenwhere用于tell,teach,how,wonder,learn,show,find out,ask,understand,explain 之后，在句中作主语、宾语、表

22、语。作宾语 I dont know how to do it.where to go.what to say.when to begin.which bus to take.做主语 How to do it is very important.Where to go What to say When to begin作表语 The question is how to do it.where to get it.what to say.1.Thank you for us so well.A.to teach B.teaches C.taught D.teaching2.I often do

23、some on Sundays.A.washed B.to wash C.washing D.washes3.The boy Jack in Class One is my brother.A.call B.to be called C.calling D.called4.It often takes me half an hour home.A.Walking B.to walk C.walked D.walks5.Dont forget her clean water every day.A.to give B.giving C.given D.give 6.I think it is i

24、mportant English well.A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned 7.The funny story made us all hard.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed8.Our teacher told us hard at our lessons.A.to work B.work C.working D.worked9.Could you tell me this newspaper?A.to read how B.how to read C.what to read D.what re

25、ad10.I dont know next.A.what to do B.what to do it C.how to do D.to how do it11.My hair is too long,so I must have it this afternoon.A.cut B.cuts C.cutting D.cutted12.Remember last for class again.A A.not to B.be not to C.not to be D.not to come13.Mr.Smith asked the man the queue.A.not jump B.didnt

26、jump C.not to jump D.to not jump 14.Why not with us?You see,its very .A.go;interested B.go;interesting C.to go;interested D.going;interesting15.What about to the cinema tonight?-Thats a good idea.Id like with you.A.going;going B.to go;to go C.going;to go D.go;going16.Everyone here is busy read for t

27、he coming entrance tests.A.get B.to get C.getting D.gets 17.Weve worked for two hours.Lets a rest.A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.stopping having 18.Would you mind me a favour（恩惠）？A.do B.to go C.doing D.did 19.Mr.Wang asked me him.A.help B.helps C.to help D.helping20.Please tell Jim

28、 not late again.A.to B.be C.to be D.be to 23.Please dont forget to me,will you?A.to write B.writing C.write 22.The boy wants his father a question about the moon.A.asking B.to ask C.ask D.asked21.Miss Yang asked the boy ,the baby was sleeping in the room.A.to stop to sing B.to stop singing C.stop si

29、nging D.stop to sing 25.Its about six oclock,Lets supper now.A.stop having B.to stop having C.stop to have D.to stop to have26.Wed better on the road.A car may hit us.A.not to play B.not play C.to not play D.dont play24.Mother decided Tom away from school.A.to keep not B.keep not C.not to keep D.not

30、 keep A.29.I often see them with some foreigners.A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 30.He says life wont be worth without love.A.live B.living C.living D.to live 27.Liu Mei helped the Turners their tickets on the train.A.pick B.look up C.pick up D.look like 28.I often see them with some foreigners.

31、A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 1.31.This morning I saw a man on the street on my way .A.lives;there B.lived;to school C.lying;to school D.to lie;home.32.He has given up tennis since he was ill.A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays 33.-will you come to the net bar with me?-sorry,My mother always tells me there.A.not go B.not to go C.go D.to go 34._ Do you still remember me somewhere Beijing?-Yes,of course.Two years ago.A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw 35.Parents must warn their children _.A.to play with fire B.not to play with fire C.of playing fire D.playing fire 1.