江苏中考英语复习之初中英语主要语法系列（九）-动词不定式精讲及练习（含答案）.doc

1、初中英语语法（初中英语语法（动词不定式动词不定式） 1 1不定式的基本形式与结构不定式的基本形式与结构 动词不定式指通常由动词不定式指通常由 toto 加上动词原形加上动词原形 ( (如如 to write) to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词所构成的一种非限定性动词 形式，但在有些情况下形式，但在有些情况下 toto 可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体( (如上如上 to be to be writingwriting，to have written)to have written)，也有被动态，也有被动态( (如如 to be written

2、)to be written)，所有的主动词，不论，所有的主动词，不论 是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形 式。助动词除式。助动词除 bebe 和和 havehave 外，外， 没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作 主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 2 2不定不定式的用法式的用法 1)1)不定式结构作主语不定式结构作主语 1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made h

3、im extremely happy since 1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years agothey separated more than 40 years ago 2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challen

4、ge 在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语( (形形 式主语式主语 it it 不可由不可由 thatthat 或或 thisthis 等其他代词代替等其他代词代替) )，而将不定式放到后面。如：而将不定式放到后面。如： 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in

5、Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years agothey separated more than 40 years ago 2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的， 即不定式的逻辑主语， 通常可以通过不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的， 即不定式的逻辑主语， 通常可以通过 for sb. for

6、sb. to do sth. to do sth. 结构表达：结构表达： 1.I1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general reviewt is quite important for us to read good books during a general review 2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.2.It is not difficult fot those talented students

7、 to pass the exam. 在某些形容词在某些形容词( (如如 carelesscareless， cleverclever， considerateconsiderate， foolishfoolish， goodgood， impoliteimpolite， kindkind， naughtynaughty，nicenice，sillysilly，stupidstupid 等等) )作表语时，不定式后可以加作表语时，不定式后可以加 ofof 来引导出其逻辑来引导出其逻辑 主语：主语： 1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth1.I

8、t is very kind of you to tell me the truth 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing 2)2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带 toto 的不定式，的不定式， 另一种是另一种是“ “及及 物动词物动词+ +疑问词疑问词+ +带带 toto 的不定式。的不定式。 及物动词及物动词+ +带带 toto 的不定式结构的不定式结构: :

9、只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford: afford， agreeagree， aimaim， appearappear， askask， believebelieve， carecare，claimclaim，decide demandecide demand d， desiredesire， determinedetermine， expectexpect， failfail， happenhappen， hesitatehesitate， hopehope， intendintend， learnlearn， longlong， managem

10、anage， offeroffer， pretendpretend， promisepromise， prepareprepare， refuserefuse， seekseek， swearswear， undertakeundertake，wantwant， wishwish 等。等。 1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way.2.The stranger offe

11、red to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa. 动词动词+ +疑问代疑问代( (副副) )词词+ +不定式：不定式： 这类动词常见的有这类动词常见的有 adviseadvise， decidedecide， find outfind out， forgetforget， inquireinquire， knowknow， learnlearn， seesee，

12、 regardregard 初中英语语法总结，初中英语语法总结， rememberremember， teachteach， telltell， understandunderstand， wonderwonder 等。常见的疑问代等。常见的疑问代( (副副) )词有词有: what: what， whenwhen， wherewhere， whichwhich， howhow， whetherwhether 等。等。 1.He does not know when to start.1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whet

13、her to continue or to stop.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I will show you how to deal with it.3.I will show you how to deal with it. 有时，不定式可由有时，不定式可由 it it 代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达： 动词动词( (如如 findfind， thinkthink，considerconsider，feelfeel 等等)+it+ )+it+ 形容

14、词形容词+ +不定式。不定式。 1.She considers it necessary to make friends with h1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.im. 2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock. 3)3)不定式做表语不定式做表语 一种情况为主语是不定式一种情况为主语是不定式( (

15、表示条件表示条件) )；表语也是不定式；表语也是不定式( (表示结果表示结果) )： 1.To see is to believe.1.To see is to believe. 2.To work means to earn a living2.To work means to earn a living 另一种情况为主语是以另一种情况为主语是以 aimaim， dutyduty， hopehope， ideaidea， jobjob， planplan， problemproblem， purposepurpose， thingthing，wishwish 等名词为中心的短语，或以等名词为

16、中心的短语，或以 whatwhat 引引导的名词性从句，不定式表语导的名词性从句，不定式表语 对主语起补充说明作用： ；例如：对主语起补充说明作用： ；例如： 1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future 2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them abou

17、t the price 3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience 4)4)不定式作定语不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型： 第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：定式的逻辑宾语。例如： 1.There was really nothing to fear1.There was really not

18、hing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read2.He gave me an interesting book to read 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如： 1.Mary needs a friend to play with1.Mary needs a friend to play with 2.That girl has nothing to worry about2.That girl has nothing to worry about 3.They

19、have a strict teacher to listen to3.They have a strict teacher to listen to 4.Although the film4.Although the film had been on for ten minuteshad been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a I still was not able to find a chair to sit onchair to sit on 第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：第二种，被修饰的名词词

20、组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如： 1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?1.Have you got a key to unlock the door? 2.The action to be taken is correct2.The action to be taken is correct 3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending 第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定

21、式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、常是表示企图、 努力、倾向、目的、愿望、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is is 算、能力、意向等意义的名词：算、能力、意向等意义的名词：abilityability， attemptattempt， efforteffort， impulseimpulse， inclinationinclination，wishwish 等。例如：等。例如： 1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to

22、please her 2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou 3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary. 5)5)不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语： 1.They

23、are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area 2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in 2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place i

24、n the areathe area 3.He was lucky to arrive before dark3.He was lucky to arrive before dark 4.He was l4.He was lucky because he arrived before darkucky because he arrived before dark 作目的状语：作目的状语： 1.She raised her voice to be heared better1.She raised her voice to be heared better 2.She raised her vo

25、ice so that she could heard better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better 3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam 4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the tr

26、affic jam 作结果状语：作结果状语： 1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians 2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the 2.The French football team played so success

27、fully that they even defeated the BraziliansBrazilians 3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone 4.He got to the sta4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gonetion and was told that the train had gone 不带不带 to

28、to 的不定式的使用的不定式的使用 动词不定式通常带动词不定式通常带 toto，但在有些搭配中不带，但在有些搭配中不带 toto，在另一些搭配中可带，在另一些搭配中可带 toto 可不带可不带 toto。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带 toto 不定式：不定式： 1) 1) 在在 cancancouldcould， /may/maymightmight，willwillwouldwould，shallshallshouldshould，mustmust， needneed， daredare 等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带 toto。

29、2)2)在表示感觉意义的动词， 如在表示感觉意义的动词， 如 seesee 初中英语语法总结，初中英语语法总结， feelfeel， watchwatch， noticenotice， smellsmell， hearhear，o observebserve 等后，或是表示等后，或是表示“ “致使致使” ”意义的动词，如意义的动词，如 havehave，letlet，makemake 等后，等后， 动词不定式不带动词不定式不带 toto。例如：。例如： 1.I often heard him say that he would study hard1.I often heard him say

30、 that he would study hard 2.I must have him see his own mistakes2.I must have him see his own mistakes 但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带 toto 不定式一般转换为带不定式一般转换为带 toto 不不 定式。定式。 例如：例如： 1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard 2

31、.After he had2.After he had finished speakingfinished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable he was made to answer innumerable questionsquestions 3)3)在动词在动词 helphelp 之后可用不带之后可用不带 toto 的不定式，也可用带的不定式，也可用带 toto 的不定式。例如：的不定式。例如： 1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.1.Help the old lady (to) c

32、arry the heavy box. 4) 4) 在在 had betterhad better，would ratherwould rather，maymaymight as wellmight as well，rather thanrather than，can not butcan not but 等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带 toto。例如：。例如： 1.Unless y1.Unless you feel to ill to go outou feel to ill to go out，I would rather not

33、stay at home tonightI would rather not stay at home tonight 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 5) 5) 在在 make domake do，make believemake believe，let droplet drop，1et fall1et fall，1et fly1et fly，let sliplet slip，let drivelet drive，

34、let go offlet go off，hear sayhear say，hear tellhear tell，leave go ofleave go of 等固定搭配中，用不带等固定搭配中，用不带 toto 的动词不的动词不 定式。例如：定式。例如： 1.T1.They let go of the ropehey let go of the rope他们松开了绳子。他们松开了绳子。 2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 3.Ive

35、heard tell of him3.Ive heard tell of him我听说过他。我听说过他。 4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足，一些由于生源不足，一些 教职员工被解雇了。教职员工被解雇了。 6)6)在介词在介词 butbut 初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结， exceptexcept 之后， 如果其前有动之后， 如果其前有动 词词 dod

36、o 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带 toto，反之，反之则必须带则必须带 toto，表示，表示“ “不得不初不得不初 中英语语法总结，只能中英语语法总结，只能” ”。例如：。例如： 1.He will do anything except work on the farm1.He will do anything except work on the farm 2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do

37、but surrender 3.The spy was both hungry and cold3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give there was nothing left for him but to give in in 4.I had no choice but to wait till it4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped rainingstopped raining 下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带下面一些短

38、语是固定搭配，不带 toto： can not help butcan not help but， can not choose butcan not choose but， can not butcan not but， do nothing butdo nothing but， have nothing have nothing to do butto do but。例如：。例如： I can not but admire his courage.I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有如果上述句中有 dodo，toto 省略：省略： I did

39、nothing but watch TV last nightI did nothing but watch TV last night 如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带 toto： I have no choice but toI have no choice but to give up my idea.give up my idea. 7)7)紧跟在紧跟在 whywhy 或或 why notwhy not 之后的动词不定式总是不带之后的动词不定式总是不带 toto。但是，紧跟在。但是，紧跟在 whowho， whatwhat，whichwhich，whetherw

40、hether 等连接词后的不定式带等连接词后的不定式带 toto。例如：。例如： Why stand up if you can sit down?Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning? You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or scienceYou neednt de

41、cide yet whether to study arts or science 4 4不定式的完不定式的完成式和进行式成式和进行式 1)1)构成构成 完成式：完成式：to+ have doneto+ have done 进行式：进行式：to+ be doingto+ be doing 2)2)用法用法 完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作( (状态状态) )发生在主要谓语动作之前初中英语语法发生在主要谓语动作之前初中英语语法 总结，那么不定式就要用其完成式。总结，那么不定式就要用其完成式。 进行式：如果主要谓语动作进行式：如果主要谓语动作( (情况情况) )发生时，

42、不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么 不定式就要用其进行式。例如：不定式就要用其进行式。例如： 1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline 2.The Vikings are belie2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered Americaved to

43、have discovered America 3.When you called me last night3.When you called me last night， I happened to be working on the computerI happened to be working on the computer 5 5不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般 式和完成式。例如：式和完成式。例如： 1.For twelve years1.For

44、 twelve years， Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name to be Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name to be mentioned and his workmentioned and his work to be publishedto be published 2.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain2.The snow was supposed to have been blown off t

45、he mountain 6 6不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式 否定形式是在不定式的标志否定形式是在不定式的标志 toto 前加前加 notnot。例如：。例如： 1.I decided not to ask him again1.I decided not to ask him again 2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out 单项选择单项选择 1. _ the seeds and th

46、ey will grow.1. _ the seeds and they will grow. A. WaterA. Water B. To waterB. To water C. WateringC. Watering D. WateredD. Watered 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ _ work for young people._ work for young

47、people. A. provideA. provide B. to provideB. to provide C. providingC. providing D. providedD. provided 3. He arrived at the office early, _ a 3. He arrived at the office early, _ a good example to the good example to the others.others. A. setA. set B. to setB. to set C. to be setC. to be set D. hav

48、ing seD. having se t t 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrows meeting 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrows meeting Ive got too Ive got too much work _.much work _. A. to do to comeA. to do to come B. doing comingB. doing coming C. to do comingC. to do coming D. to do comD. to do com inging 5. We looked everyw5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _here for the keys, but th