译林小升初英语复习重要知识点(DOC 23页).doc

1、小升初英语复习重点系统语法学习。小升初英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%，同时，在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。进行系统的语法的学习非常必要。重点词汇积累。词汇量：一般重点中学的小升初英语考试，都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量，而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词，甚至要求孩子会拼写。很多孩子认为小升初英语考试卷中的英文奥数题比较难，主要障碍就是很多单词不会，这样扣分之后，跟其他孩子就有差距了。实际运用能力：知识学到手会用才是关键。具体知识点：第一部分;基础知识1.字母：26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopq

2、rstuvwxyz2.语音：元音的发音五个元音字母：AEIOU12个单元音：长元音：/:/，/:/，/:/， /i:/，/u:/ 短元音：/ /e/ /i/ / / / /u/ /3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号第二部分：语法知识一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格（一）名词单复数1一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es

3、，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, wa

4、ter, milk, rice, tea（二）名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl 并列名词中，如果把 s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加s Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有

5、关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man /

6、 an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /（2）定冠词：the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.（4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.

7、（5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况：（1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:3

8、0.（6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus三、代词：人称代词，物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I（我）memy（我的）复数we（我们）usour（我们的）第二人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）复

9、数you（你们）youyour（你们的）第三人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itits（它的）复数they（他们/她们/它们）themtheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）四、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级（一）、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ； 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再

10、加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful（二）副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)五 数词：基数词，序数词一、基数词（1）1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twe

11、lve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty（2）21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。23twenty-three，34thirty-four，45fortyfive，56fifty-six，67sixty-seven，78seventy-eight，89eighty-nine，91ninety-one（3）101999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数；586five hundred and eighty-six，803eight hundred and thre

12、e（4）l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion 1，001one thousand and one18，423eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three6，260，309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750，000，000，000seven hundred and fifty billion二、序数词（1）一般在基数词后加theg.fo

13、urfourth，thirteenthirteenth（2）不规则变化onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth（3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth， fortyfortieth， ninetyninetieth（4）从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，

14、特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。六、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。（在某时刻、时间、阶段等）。 at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一点钟（黎明、午夜、中午） 2on 1）表示具体日期。 注：（1）关于在周末的几种表示法： at（on）the weekend在周末-特指 at（on）weekends在周末-泛指 over the weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间 （2）在圣诞节，应说at

15、Christmas而不说on Christmas 2）在（刚）的时候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3in 1）表示时段、时期，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in（during）1988（December，the 20th century）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世纪） 七、动词：动词的四种时态：（1）一般现在时：一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(

16、+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies（2）一般过去时:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：、规则动词一般

17、直接在动词的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d：如lived , danced , used以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如study studied carry carried worry worried （注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类） 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stopped 、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did ,

18、go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt（3）一般将来时：基本结构： be going to + do； will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go

19、 swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.（4）现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分：句法1.陈述句（1）肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：Im a s

20、tudent. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. （2）、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our

21、classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某

22、地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用

23、于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？第三部分：情景交际第四部分：阅读训练第五部分：书面表达常考题型：一、听力1.听句子中的单词，或者直接听单词2.根据听到的内容选择相应的回答的句子3.选出与听到的句子相同意思的句子4.听短文，判断正误。二、语音：选出与画线部分相同的读音三、用所给词的正确形式填空四、单项选择五、把句子连成一段话六、完形填空七、根据图片内容，完成

24、对话八、阅读理解：1.选出正确的答案。2，判断正误。3，回答问题。九、改错十、书面表达：作文小学毕业班英语单词和句型总复习三年级上册单词 黑体字(73个单词)pen pencil pencil-case book bag ruler eraser crayon sharpener schoolhead face nose mouth eye ear arm hand finger leg foot bodyred yellow green blue purple white black orange pink brown cat dog monkey panda rabbit duck squ

25、irrel mouse elephant pig bird bear cakebreadhot doghamburger chickenFrench fries Cokejuice milk water tea coffee one two three four five six seven eight nine ten doll ball boat kite balloon car plane 三年级下册单词 黑体字（72个单词、词组）boy girl teacher student this my friend nice good morning Good afternoonmeetgoo

26、dbyetooIm=Iam father dad mother mom man woman grandmother grandma grandfather grandpa sister brotherlets=let us really great and how eleventwelvethirteen fourteen fifteen sixteenseventeeneighteen nineteen twenty how many can look at peach pear orangewatermelonapple banana grape strawberry like some

27、thanks bus bike taxi jeep desk chair walkman lamp your zoo small big long short tall giraffe deer四年级上册单词 黑体字（66个单词、词组）window board light picture door floor classroom computer wall fanteachers desk Chinese book English book math book schoolbag story-book notebook twenty-onethirty thirty-one forty for

28、ty-one fifty long hair short hair thin strong quiet friend(s) music science sports computer game painting study bathroom bedroom living kitchen phone bed sofa shelf fridge table rice fish noodles beef vegetable soup knife chopsticks spoon plate fork family parentsuncle aunt baby driver doctor farmer

29、 nursebaseball player 四会单词（36个）bag pencil pen book ruler pencil-case teacher student boy girl friendhome room school classroom window desk door chair bed rice beef bread milk egg water chicken fish sister brother father mother driver doctor farmer nurse四年级下册单词 黑体词（50个单词、词组）playground garden teachers

30、 desk canteen art room computer room washroommusic roomgym TV room lunchEnglish classmusic classbreakfast dinner P.E. class get upgo to schoolgo homego to bed sweater jeans pants socks shoes shortshot weather rainy windy cloudycolorful pretty cheap expensive sneakersslippers sandals boots sheep hen

31、lamb goat cow tomatocucumber potato onion carrot四会单词（88个）computer board fan light thisis mythat your teachers desk picturewallfloor yesitone two three four five six seven eight nine ten what time its oclock mathChinese English P.E. music for class jacket shirt skirt dress T-shirt red blue yellow gre

32、en white no notcolour warm cold cool today jeans pant socks shoes lets play football snowy sunny how much big small long short applebanana pear orange watermelon are they horse arent cat rabbit pig duck dogeleven twelve thirteen fifteen twenty how many there五年级上册单词黑体字（16个单词、词组）principal university s

33、tudent cabbage porkmutton empty the trash put away the clothes air-conditioner over in front of sky cloud mountain village city 四会单词、词组（93个）young funny tall strong kind old short thin whos=who is whats=what is like hes=he is strict smart active quiet shes=she is very but Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thu

34、rsday Friday day have on SaturdaySunday do homework watch TV read books What about? tooeggplantfishgreen beans tofu potato tomatofor lunch wetasty sweet sourfresh saltyfavorite theyre=they are fruit dont=do notgrape cook the meals water the flowerssweep the floor clean the bedroom make the bed set t

35、he table wash the clothes do the dishes cant=cannot use a computer curtain trash bincloset mirror end tablebedroomkitchenbathroomliving room in on under nearbehind clothes river flower grass lake forest path park picture house bridgetree road buildingclean五年级下册单词 黑体字（18个）January February March April

36、 May June July August September October November December first second third fourth fifth Eighth ninth twelfth twentieth四会单词、词组（83个）do morning exercises eat breakfast have English class play sports eat dinner when eveningget upat usually noon climb mountains go shopping play the piano visit grandpar

37、ents go hikingweekend often sometimes spring summerfall winter seasonwhich best swim fly kites skate make a snowman plant treeswhy becausesleep Jan. Feb.Mar.Apr.May June July Aug. Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.birthdayuncleher datedraw pictures cook dinner read a book answer the phone listen to music clean the r

38、oomwrite a letter write an e-mailmom grandpa study fly jump walk run swim kangaroosleep climb fight swing drink water take pictures watch insects pick up leavesdo an experiment catch butterflies honey count insects collect leaves write a report play chess have a picnic六年级上册单词 黑体字（16个）plane ship subw

39、ay science museum north south east west tonight tomorrow take a trip read a magazine go to the cinemamagazine dictionary vapor四会单词、词组（71个）by foot bike bus train how go to school traffic traffic light traffic rule stop waitget to library post office hospital cinema bookstore where please nest to turn

40、right left straight then next week this morning this afternoon this evening comic book post cardnewspaperbuy hobby ride a bike diveplay the violinmake kites collect stampslive(s)teach(es)go(es)watch(es)read(s)doesdoesnt=does notsingerwriteractoractressartistTV reporter engineeraccountant policemansalespersoncleaner where work rain cloud sun streamseed come from soil sprout plant should then六年级下册单词 四会单词（25个）taller shorter strongerolder younger bigger