英语一作文总复习汇总(DOC 16页).doc

1、作文总复习一、自习整理作文词汇大清洗：（一）同义替换信念决心（determination）：morale支持（support）endorse；concur显示（show）：manifest流行的（popular）：prevalent困境僵局（difficulty）deadlock认为（尤第三人称）maintain contend特点（feature）hallmark阻碍（hinder）impede麻木的（numb）callous不安的（anxious）restless财富（wealth）affluence挖掘发现（exploit）excavate直觉（inituition）hunch whim

2、伙伴（accompany）comrade行为（behavior）deed认为（think）conceive增加（increase）A. 褒义accentuate 贬义exacerbate. B 中性 proliferate/proliferation增值产生形成（produce）crystallize立场（别用situation了）stance潮流（tide）bandwagon拒绝（refuse）rebuff激发（ignite）kindle可延展的。不稳定的（unstable）malleable 兴奋（excite）exhilarate；平抚（comfort）soothe贪心（greed）lu

3、st粗劣的（rough）vulgar；gross；coarse；shabby鲁莽的（bold）；reckless战胜（beat）surmount被打败（defeat）：deflate（不会轻易被打败）困难的（difficult）arduous险峻的困难的贬低（）disparage错误（mistake）blunder lapse取决于（depend on）=be contingent on思量，反复考虑（ponder）ruminate忙碌的（busy）：hectic著名大学（famous university）：prestigious university ; esteemed institut

4、e没用的（useless）futile基础 bedrock无关紧要的（unnecessary）：inconsequential动摇（sway）wobble逻辑依据（logic）rationale专心（intent）engrossed积压的（repressed）pent-up陷阱，诱惑（tempation）pitfall垃圾（trash）rabbish leftovers提升（rise up）shore up隐蔽的（subtle，尤微妙的暗含的）covert强调意图有形的无形的（tangible/intangible）后者尤搭配伤害等主动的（active）proactive（二）新词整理酝酿、酿

5、成（大祸）：incubate后继者 sequela要点 gist；pinpoint intense/intensive居高对待 patronization 可用于写短句崇拜worship（v）句式大清洗：竞争与合作：Alone or along？坏习惯：it is out of vogue；stifle this bud好的影响：（do sth）casts a rosy glow over (讨论的事物)要防范：we must be on guard about sth(坏的)首先（first）：in the first place受限制（restrict）be bound by这是一种交换：

6、our efficiency has a trade-off the solution entails clearing several hurdles.the same fire that melts the butter hardens the eggs（nevertheless）二、新东方经验小作文综述1称呼公务信只能写姓氏Dear Sir or Madam （不知姓名）To Whom It May Concern （不知姓名，范围较窄推荐信请求信证明信）2.落款公务书信：Yours sincerely ; Yours truly私人书信： Yours通用：Yours sincerely

7、3.套话首段：a 自我介绍（公务信才有）b 写作目的I am writing the letter in purpose of .I am writing to infor you that .尾段a 表示感谢My thanks for you to your generous help are beyond wordsWords fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to youI take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation to the kind assis

8、tance you render me.b 期待回信I look forward to hearing from you soon.(正式信函不要以looking forward to开头)I am looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenienceI would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly

9、 appreciated大类整理（注意事项、经典表达）注意：1 非正式文体，要有口语、省略形式、省略句2 固定用法整理：开头的感谢：(i would like to/i take this opportunity to ) extend my heartfelt gratitude/welcome to sb./for sth(your kindly help etc.)结尾期待回信：Your prompt attention to my suggestions/inquiry would be highly appreciated.要报答你I do hope to have the oppo

10、rtunity of rewarding you in the forthcoming future.感谢临幸：If you are so kind as to take my proposals into consideration , I would be greatly honored. （可以直接再跟个期待回信）2005 辞职信注意事项（格式）首段写出你的决定：你要辞职了。最后一段表达歉意经典表达（首段）I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.（第二段开头）The p

11、rimary reasons are as follows.（第三段）I feel terribly sorry or the inconvenience I have caused. I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation(辞呈).（词汇）extra work (加班); night shift（夜班）2006 请求信注意事项（格式）称呼可以用to whom it may concern经典表达I am writing to request if you can help me .I wonder whether it is c

12、onvenient for you / if two(表示条件个数) things regarding sth(表示对象的条件) are taken into account.（词汇）intend to打算; abject poverty 非常贫困; correspond with 联系; 2007建议信注意事项（首段）写给公共单位，适合第一句客套，第二句写目的。经典表达（开头的客套）I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you for the help you render me.（用词）there are usually long

13、lines waiting for assistance.（用词）streamline cataloguing (streamline + v-ing 简化xx 如简化操作streamline operations)（建议中的客套）I shall be much obliged to you if you could kindely (do .)2008 道歉信注意事项（格式）可以第一段写目的，第二段首句写客套；这可以防止第一段就客套，第二段由于屁事太简单而篇幅不足。经典表达I take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt appreciation

14、to the kind assistance you render me.2009建议信注意事项：(较私人关系的开头)You have asked me for my advice with regard to. and I will try to make some conductive suggestions.（看到报纸写给编辑的开头）I have been reading your newspaper for many years with a great enthusiasm and interest. In my opinion it is of utmost significanc

15、e that .经典表达：to crack this hard nut(第二段开头)it is imerative for us to do (第二段第二个建议)practical/conductive recommendations 有用的建议Your prompt attention to my suggestions/inquiry would be highly appreciated.（适用于建议信 / 请求信）2010告示类注意事项（格式）题目居中，日期下一行居右，落款居右不带yours（题目）Notice ; Notice of a Decision /Announcement

16、/ Countributions Wanted(征稿)（万能开头）It has been decided that. 经典表达：Those who are interested may sign up with the monitor.(may：请；sign up with sb：找xx报名)2010 感谢信（英语二）注意事项无经典表达I am writing the letter to extend my heartfelt gratitude to you for the hospitality you offer me and also for the very warm and fri

17、endly way in which you receive me.I feel obliged to you for the selfless assitance you render me.It was kind and generous for you to do all of these for me , and I appreciate it more than I can say.I sincerely welcome you to visit China at your convenience.I do hope to have the opportunity of reward

18、ing you in the forthcoming future.2011 推荐信（给朋友推荐电影）注意事项这种私人信件，1 直呼其名2 有几次缩写，几次省略句和口语；3 首段只写目的不写介绍经典表达(首段的目的)I highly recommend you to (do sth) ; As one of your closet friend, Im writing the letter in purpose of recommending .(结尾写愿对方喜欢)You will enjoy it , I bet.2011 祝贺建议信（英语二）经典表达I know there was a l

19、ot of competition this year but your hard work and perserverance eventually paid off.Wish your/Hope you further success in you continuing studies/work/career.2012 投诉信（英语二）注意事项：首段还是写目的：我啥时候买的，但是它坏了。第二段再说哪里坏了经典表达：(抱怨完总结一下）Personally , I find this to be completely unacceptable.2013 邀请信经典表达：（邀请）I am wri

20、ting this e-mail to cordially invite you to be our honorable judge for this contect.（拍马屁）leading experts - 杰出专家I believe that students will not only be able to learn from you , but to be inspired as well.(流程介绍)We are hoping that you will be available at (xx time). There will be two hours allocated f

21、or the contect and 30 minutes for the question and answer session.2013 倡议信（慈善义卖）注意事项这属于公务类，落款用通用型即可经典表达As the monitor of our class, Im calling on all students to take part in it.(最后一段抒情)As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues（以众多美德闻名于世的国家） , we Chinese people have been giving helpi

22、ng hand to those who are in distress throughout history.Its our duty to proide as much support as we an to those in need. 2014 建议信（写给校长改善学生体质）注意事项：先自我介绍（哪个专业的），再写目的经典表达：The purpose of my letter is to propose several conductive suggestions regarding (关于).(以否定形容其效果)Exercises never fail to make us stro

23、nger and more energetic.(末段表达被临幸的感激)If you are so kind as to take my proposals into consideration , I would be greatly honored.2014 咨询信注意事项私人信件的咨询，开头写句问候（how have you been these days?/hows it going?）经典表达(词汇)balanced diet均衡的饮食Finally , could you please offer me some proposals as regards （关于）living in

24、 your city?另订购信交代目的I am writing this letter to ask for . I will take CET-6 next December and quality test preparation materials are essential to success in the test.（目的拍马屁）As I am planning to take xx exam , I have decided to place an order of xx books with due consideration of the good reputation of

25、 your bookstore and the high quality of your books.（充分考虑到您的良好声誉和书的优良品质）表达询问(啥书)I wonder if you have .(e.g. the following books)(more detailed)I wonder if you have the following books: a vocabulary book covering the 5,500 words .Please give me particular acounts as regards names, authors , publishing

26、 houses and prices of these books.(as regards关于，等于with respect to)方式询问（如付款、快递）Besides , how should I pay for these books?-By cash or by other means?I would also like to know if you accept payent by credit card. If it is inconvenient , I .I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by

27、 EMS to xx place.时间询问Finally , if I order these books now, when is the earlist time I can get them? How will these books be mailed to my house? 礼貌结尾见套话大作文词汇：duea.合理的（due consideration）；正当的（due attention，给予高度重视）；of utmost significance to sth 对xx至关重要图片：picture / cartoon / portraryal固定用法整理第一段开头第一句：as i

28、s subtly/vividly/symbolically prtrayed in the cartoon引出题目：And below the drawing , there is a caption/topic which says :xx第二段第二段首：The aim/purpose of the picture is to illustrate that The purpose of the drawing is to show us thatFrom the portrayal , we can conclude that the painter wants to convey suc

29、h a message举例子：被动语态it can be exemplified by 第三段建议：强调条件With due consideration of xx , students can make/improve chances of making optimal choices.2005/2014孝道相关词汇：孝道filial piety长辈后代：seniority，posterity2005经典表达：（第二段首）The purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to .我们应该对xx

30、的问题给予高度重视（第三段首）It is imperative for us to take drastic measures. 我们迫切需要采取严厉措施（建议段：被动语态）relevant laws and regulations should be made to punish/emphasize .we should cultivate the awareness of sb(要整改的对象)thatonly in this way can we curb the current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture2014经典表达：in the

31、first cartoon / in the second portraryal（引出题目）And below the drawing , there is a caption which says :xx(第二段首)The aim of the picture is to illustrate that （举例子：被动语态）it can be exemplified by 2013选择经典表达尾段：建议With due consideration of personal preference , students an improve their chances of making opti

32、mal choices.2012乐观经典表达（某事带来希望）It is xx ,not yy,that gives us light when we are in dark ,and encouragement when we are dismayed.2011乱丢垃圾经典表达第二段Tourism , as a multibillion-dollar business , is booming everywhere.Nevertheless , these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly.第三段Unchecked growth of

33、 xx may render the development of an economy unsustainable.2010火锅零、野生知识词汇wishful thinking 痴心妄想reconcile 调解调和；使一致repartee 机智的吐槽disproportionate 不成比例的一、完型词族A 词汇incite 煽动 crutch 拐杖madden 激怒 mutter 咕哝 miscalcupate 估算macho 大男子主义的 hands-off 不插手的（有袖手旁观之意） oblivious 健忘的 discourteous粗鲁的 inattentive 不专注的stunn

34、ing 极好的，使人眩晕的bound 约束：justices are not bound by sthamiable 和蔼可亲的；agreeable 令人愉快的 accountable (be to ) 对xx负责的resort to 诉诸B 句式it is hardly unusual for him to have xxx 二、阅读题词族A 态度类refute 驳倒；concur 同意reassuring 安慰的，鼓气的eloquent 雄辩的，有说服力的disparate 根本就不同的amicable 友善的raise an eyebrow 皱眉take off ones gloves与

35、。认真争论presumptuous 专横放肆的tedious 单调的，冗长的（redundant）。乏味的rap v 斥责pilgrim n 朝圣者grim a 讨厌的糟糕的。严厉的eat a humble pie 丢脸indefinite 模糊的，不限期的shrug v 耸肩tangle n 复杂的形式d乱糟糟e一堆reprimand n 谴责ingratiation n 逢迎deprecate v 反对objective a 客观的profession 公开表示（但没有感情色彩）B 猜词类abate 减轻pent-up积压的plummet 直降derision 嘲笑 -ridicule l

36、urk v 潜藏innuendo 讽刺的话industrious 勤奋scanty 不够的，贫乏的fiddly 繁琐的C 书面关系词语be on par with 与。持平apprentice 学徒，徒弟gist 主旨prerequisite 前提precursor 先兆educe 引出。deduce 演绎推断（deduct减去）inaugurate 开创。使正式就任D 专有词语civil servant 公务员三、真题阅读词汇2010（英语二）slump 萧条as recently as 就在。时eligible 有资格选入的prevalent 流行的exempt 免掉be justifie

37、d by 被xx辩护usher 陪同vnmomentum 动力wreak havoc （v）破坏bewilderingly令人困惑地2010text1it is difficult to the point of impossibility 等于 it is very difficultmarvel 惊叹text2hedge 规避esteem 尊重text3cascade of change 一连串的变化2012text1a host of examples 很多例子lameness 缺点spot-on准确的the most glaring flaw 最主要的缺点an emerging bod

38、y of research 一个正在崛起的研究注：有个句子He argues onvincingly that .可以先把这一套翻译完，然后翻译con这是很xx的text2renege on sth 食言stunning 令人震惊的；极好的，令人眩晕的text3newly staked新开发的intellectual credit学术认证inspire引起challenge to sth对。质疑text4patrol监督drawn-out battles持久战clamp down采取强硬措施rally集结stay put止步不前2015.text1transcendence 卓越，超脱gran

39、ny 奶奶，奶奶型well-heeled 穿着考究的text2recklessly 鲁莽地，不顾一切地（recklessly modest真不是一般的谦虚，文中有贬义）（补：redundant 多余的。reluctant 勉强的）discernable 可辨别的 （补：discrete不相关的，分离的 discreet 谨慎的）text3panel 全体成员，座谈小组foresight 预见text4dearth 缺失conspire 谋划do sth in the quest for 为了追求xx而做yy四、课外词汇reverie 幻象a leading theorist 一个权威的理论家n

40、omination 可以当例子defiant 目中无人的五、仿写句式A 野生句式it is perfect rot to do 做。是无比荒唐的couldnt put it better myself 超级同意xx are not carbon copies of yy 用于说明什么人不是另一种人的单纯复制品if everyone was stronger , they d be more like you 你比任何人都强大B 真题句式2015text1sth forced him to eat his words xx使他收回说过的话And so ， the Middle East expe

41、cted ，European is the most monarch-infested region in the world.text4Driving her point home ， she continues that.用于拉回主题The long story still unfolds. 用于写坏事情影响的蔓延C 课外句式经济学人no23Up to a point , more repeats are better , but push teh process too far and woe betide you.up to a point翻译成一定范围内；woe betide you

42、翻译成灾难将会发生心理学专著sth is factored out 指xx被排除在外（类似屏蔽掉无关变量）at the expense of 指不管xx。出自ch9：高智商人尽可以自己生自己的孩子，别管智商低的人shake loose sth 把xx给摇摇使其松动（即获得）。出自ch7：P210右半上端。回忆不起来语义记忆，可以当成情节记忆来借助线索（如情境）提取sb dismiss sth adj = sB dismiss as adj the n （Weiss dismissed as unbelievable the idea that ）见生心P125as the example ab

43、ove illustrates，. 见变态P67among several proposed theories，two survived scientific scrutinyNever did a single encouraging remark , a bright hope , a warm wish , cross my path. 社心p292The right xx matched with the right xx yield history-making greatness.He who knows others is learned. He who knows himsel

44、f is enlightened. 社心48范文2011With the rapid development of tourism , a growing number of people throng to the scenic spots during their vacations. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, in the middle of a lake rows a boat, carrying two tourists , who are littering while enjoying the scenery.We can de

45、duce from the picture that the drawer is trying to capture our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of rivers and lakes, which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet. Occurrences of water pollution caused by the rapid development of tourism industry are understood by ma

46、ny people. Unfortunately , in real practice, tourism has developed in a manner which often conflicts with the environment. To some extent, the faster the tourism economy develops , the worse the environment becomes.What is the significance of tourism development if the ecological balance is destroyed?In my view, meas