语法篇专题形容词和副词课件.ppt
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1、分类分类功能功能例词例词定语形容词定语形容词 作定语、表语和补作定语、表语和补语等。语等。hot,cold,etc.表语形容词表语形容词作表语,有的作表语,有的可作后置定语可作后置定语 well,ill,glad,sorry,fond,worth,able,afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,alike,afraid,etc.二、复合形容词二、复合形容词构成构成例词例词形容词形容词+名词名词+ed kind-hearted,white-haired 形容词形容词+形容词形容词 red-hot,dark-blue 形容词形容词+现在分词现在分词 good-lookin
2、g,easy-going 副词副词+现在分词现在分词 hard-working,fast-moving 副词副词+过去分词过去分词 hard-won,newly-built 名词名词+形容词形容词 life-long,world-famous 名词名词+现在分词现在分词 peace-loving,fun-loving 名词名词+过去分词过去分词 snow-covered,hand-made 数词数词+名词名词 ten-year,two-man 数词数词+名词名词+ed four-storied,three-legged 数词数词+名词名词+形容词形容词 three-year-old 三、副词分
3、类及基本用法三、副词分类及基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词汇。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词汇。副词分类及用法如下表:副词分类及用法如下表:分类分类例词例词用法用法例句例句时间副词时间副词 today,yesterday,soon,recently,suddenly,still,already,just,etc.可位于句首可位于句首、句中或句尾句中或句尾。He went home yesterday.Yesterday he went home.He went to Paris recently.He recently went to Paris.Rec
4、ently he went to Paris.地地点点副副词词 here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,halfway,upstairs,downstairs,etc.常用于句末常用于句末或句首,从或句首,从不位于主语不位于主语和谓语之间。和谓语之间。Can you help to carry this table upstairs?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.方方式式副副词词 carefully,happily,quietly,heavi
5、ly,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,etc.通常位于动词通常位于动词(及及其宾语其宾语)之后;在之后;在“动词动词+介词介词+宾宾语语”结构中,方结构中,方式副词既可位于式副词既可位于“介词介词+宾语宾语”之前,也可位于之前,也可位于He read the letter slowly.He looked at me curiously.He looked curiously at me.He looked curiously at everyone who got off“介词介词+宾语宾语”之之后;单个的方式后;单个的方式副词有时也可位副词有时也可位于主
6、语与动词之于主语与动词之间。间。the plane.He quickly got dressed.频频度度副副词词 always,continually,frequently,often,once,twice,repeatedly,sometimes,usually,ever,hardly ever,never,rarely,scarcely,ever,seldom,etc.位于实义动词之位于实义动词之前,前,be动词、助动词、助动词、情态动词动词、情态动词之后;如果有两之后;如果有两个助动词,频度个助动词,频度副词通常放在第副词通常放在第一个助动词后面一个助动词后面。He often com
7、es to see us.He is seldom late for school.We have never been invited to one of their parties.She was always late.I know I should take exercise,but I never do.程度副词程度副词 fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really,etc.主要修饰形容主要修饰形容词和副
8、词,有词和副词,有的还可修饰比的还可修饰比较级较级(如如much,rather 等等)和最和最高级高级(如如quite,much,almost 等等);有的可修;有的可修饰动词,有的饰动词,有的则不能。则不能。Houses are much more expensive these days.This is quite/much the most expensive radio here.I quite agree with you.He drives very carefully.连连接接副副词词 therefore,besides,however,moreover,still,thus,m
9、eanwhile,etc.用于连接句子用于连接句子,性质类似于并性质类似于并列连词,使用列连词,使用时其前通常用时其前通常用分号或句号;分号或句号;若其前用逗号若其前用逗号,则通常带有,则通常带有并列连词并列连词(如如and)。I dont like it;besides,its too expensive.We all tried our best;however,we lost the game.We all tried our best.However,we lost the game.when,why,where,how,etc.用于引导从句用于引导从句或不定式。或不定式。Tell m
10、e when we shall leave.Tell me when to leave.I donknow how I can find him.I dont know how to find him.关关系系副副词词 when,where,why 用于引出用于引出定语从句定语从句。Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.Thats the reason why he dislikes me.Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?疑疑问问副副词词 when,where,why,how
11、用于引出用于引出特殊疑问特殊疑问句。句。Where do you come from?When will it be ready?Why was she crying?句句子子副副词词 actually,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,surely,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckily,obviously,perhaps,possibly,unexpectedly,etc.用于修饰用于修饰句子句子(而不而不是修饰某是修饰某个单词个单词),反映说话反映说话人的观点人的观点和看法。和看法。Obviously he c
12、ant tell the difference between them.I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed.【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍和材料颜色国籍和材料,作用类别往后靠。作用类别往后靠。说明:(说明:(1)“限定词限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:
13、前、中、后。前词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。于基数词前。(2)“描绘描绘”性形容词性形容词,如如beautiful,bad,cold,great,etc.(3)“大长高大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词;表示大小、长短、高低等一些词;(4)表示)表示“形状形状”的词,如的词,如round,square,etc.(5)“国籍国籍
14、”指一个国家或地区的词;指一个国家或地区的词;“出出”指出处。指出处。“材料材料”的词,如的词,如wooden,woolen,stone,silk,etc.(6)“作用类别作用类别”的词,如的词,如medical,college,writing(desk),police(car),etc.【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:后置:(1)形容词短语作定语时要后置。)形容词短语作定语时要后置。Students brave enough to
15、take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(2)表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有:)表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive,etc.。All the people present at the party were his supporters.(3)形容词作定语修饰由不定代词)形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和和every构构成的复合词,如成的复合词,如anything、somet
16、hing等时,通常后置。等时,通常后置。I have something important to tell you.【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。He spent 7 days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.Afraid of being caught,the thief hid himself under a bed.【考点四】考查【考点四】考查-ed形容词和形容词和-ing形容词的区别形容词的区别-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为形容词,通常说
17、明人,意为“(某人某人)感到感到”;-ing形容词通常形容词通常说明事物,意为说明事物,意为“(某事物某事物)令人令人”或或“令人令人的的(事物事物)”。这。这样成对的形容词有:样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。等。Laws that punish parents for their little childrens action
18、s against the laws get parents worried.It is believed that if a book is interesting,it will surely interest the reader.注意:即使注意:即使-ed形容词用以说明事物,那也是指与该事物相关的人;形容词用以说明事物,那也是指与该事物相关的人;即使即使-ing形容词用以说明人,也是指此人具有该性质或特征。形容词用以说明人,也是指此人具有该性质或特征。He told me the news in an excited voice.The man is interesting.【考点五】
19、考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级【考点五】考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型名称名称结构结构例句例句相等相等 as+原级原级+asMiss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.as+原级原级+a/an+单数名词单数名词+as He is as honest a man as you.as many+名词复数名词复数+as;as much+不可数名词不可数名词+as I have as many books as you.倍数倍数+as+原级原级+a This room is three
20、times as large as that one.不及不及 not as/so+原级原级+as This building looks not so(as)high as that one.less+原级原级+than This room is less beautiful than that one.超超过过 比较级比较级+than Health is more important than wealth.the+比较级比较级+of the two,表示,表示“两者中较两者中较的的一个一个”He is the taller of the two.否定否定词词+比较比较级级 no+比较级比
21、较级+than,表示,表示“两者都两者都不不”This book is no more interesting than that one.再再不过(可不过(可译为译为“非常,十非常,十分分”)His work couldnt be worse.程度程度递增递增-er+and+-er,more and more+多音节词原级,多音节词原级,表示表示“越来越越来越”The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.两种情况两种情况同时变化同时变化 the+比较级,比较级,the+比比
22、较级,表示较级,表示“越越,越,越”The harder he works,the happier he feels.三者或三三者或三者以上者以上比较比较 the+最高级最高级+of/in+比较范围,表示比较范围,表示“之中最之中最”Of all things in the world,people are the most precious.【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别(1)“名词名词+ly”构成的是形容词,而不是副词。这类形容词有构成的是形容词,而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly,lovely,weekly,monthly,daily等。等。(2)to
23、o much和和much too的区别的区别too much可以充当形容词,含义是可以充当形容词,含义是“太多的太多的”,后接不可数名词;,后接不可数名词;充当副词用时,可用来修饰动词;充当代词用时,后面不接名词,充当副词用时,可用来修饰动词;充当代词用时,后面不接名词,代替上下文提到的事物。代替上下文提到的事物。I have too much homework to do.Watching TV too much is bad for your health.You gave me too much.much too充当副词,意为充当副词,意为“太太”,在句中修饰形容词或副词。,在句中修饰形
24、容词或副词。Its much too expensive.【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语用于比用于比较级前较级前 a lot,much,even,still,far,a great deal,rather,two years,5%,twice,any(常用于否定句(常用于否定句或疑问句中)或疑问句中)etc.My deskmate is even fatter than me.many,a few(用于用于“more+可数可数名词复数名词复数”前前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plan
25、e.用于最用于最高级前高级前 the very,much,by far,the first/second,etc.This cake is by far the largest in the world.【难点一】考查【难点一】考查likely,possible与与probable的辨析的辨析用恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确用恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确I am _ to be late for the film.It is _ for us to finish the work within three hours.It is _ that the headmaster wil
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