语法填空技巧讲解课件.ppt

1、 语法填空语法填空解题技巧解题技巧考查方式考查方式 分为：分为：自主填空自主填空；提示性填空提示性填空 自主填空：自主填空：连词、介词、代词、冠词连词、介词、代词、冠词 原则：一空一词原则：一空一词 提示性填空提示性填空：1.1.动词：动词：时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致、时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致、词性变换词性变换2.2.形容词形容词&副词副词：比较级、最高级、：比较级、最高级、词性变换词性变换3.3.名词：名词：单复数、单复数、词性变换词性变换应试技巧：应试技巧：A、纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格试题的解题技巧 例：例：I can send a mesage to Kenya whenever

2、 I want to,and gets there almost in a second.（茂名一模）（茂名一模）it技巧技巧1:简单句或并列句中，缺主语或宾语，简单句或并列句中，缺主语或宾语，大多是考代词。大多是考代词。例：例：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help rice grow up quickly.his 例：例：.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull

3、 it to small town about 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.（广东高考）（广东高考）a技巧技巧2：名词前面若没有限定词（冠词：名词前面若没有限定词（冠词 a/an/the、形容词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词his/her/my/our等、等、不定代词等），那么答案首先考虑限定词。不定代词等），那么答案首先考虑限定词。例：例：.who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.（广东高考）（广东高考）技巧技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词：句子

4、不缺主语、表语、动词(vt)后不缺后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前考虑填介词。宾语的情况下，名词或代词前考虑填介词。例：例：.two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.and技巧技巧4：若并列的两个或几个单词或短语间没：若并列的两个或几个单词或短语间没有连词，考虑填连词。有连词，考虑填连词。例：例：He was very tired after doing this He was very tired after doing this for a wh

5、ole day,for a whole day,he felt very he felt very happy.happy.（广东高考）（广东高考）butbut技巧技巧5 5：若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）：若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有句号或分号，一定是之间没有连词，也没有句号或分号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。填并列连词或从属连词。技巧技巧6:6:由特殊的句式来判断空格出应填的词由特殊的句式来判断空格出应填的词。例：例：.and.and was only after I was only after I heard she became sick that I le

6、arned heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG!she couldnt eat MSG!（广州一模）（广州一模）(1)It is/was.that/who.(1)It is/was.that/who.强调句结强调句结构，通常考察构，通常考察itit或或thatthat 例：例：She remembered hwo difficult She remembered hwo difficult was to choose a suitable Chrismas was to choose a suitable Chris

7、mas present for her father.present for her father.(2)it(2)it 做形式主语或形式宾语的句式做形式主语或形式宾语的句式B.B.给出了动词给出了动词的填空题的解题技巧的填空题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是在句中做谓语还是非首先，判断要填的动词是在句中做谓语还是非谓语谓语例：例：Besides,shopping at this time of Besides,shopping at this time of the year ws not a pleasant experience:the year ws not a pleasant ex

8、perience:people stepped on your feet or people stepped on your feet or (push)you with their elbows(push)you with their elbows（肘部）（肘部）,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.（广东高考）广东高考）例例：Her mother was excited,“your Her mother was excited,“your father has at last decid

9、ed to stop father has at last decided to stop smoking,”smoking,”Jane Jane (inform).(inform).技巧技巧1：若句中（一个主谓关系算一个句子）：若句中（一个主谓关系算一个句子）没有谓语动词，或虽然已有谓语动词，但需没有谓语动词，或虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态，谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态，语态。语态。技巧技巧2 2：若句中已经有谓语动词，又不是并列若句中已经有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就

10、是非谓语动词谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。解题解题时最重要是确定用哪一种非谓语形式时最重要是确定用哪一种非谓语形式(V-(V-ing,V-ed,to do)ing,V-ed,to do)例例:.but it is not enough only.but it is not enough only (memorize)rules from a grammar book.(memorize)rules from a grammar book.(佛山一模佛山一模)例例：(speak)out our inner(speak)out our inner feeling wont make you fe

11、el ashamed,feeling wont make you feel ashamed,on the contrary,.on the contrary,.（佛山二模）（佛山二模）(1)非谓语做主语或宾语非谓语做主语或宾语,通常用通常用V-ing形式表示形式表示习惯或一般情况习惯或一般情况,用用to do表示具体的情况。表示具体的情况。(2)做目的状语，一般用不定式做目的状语，一般用不定式例：例：He spit it out,He spit it out,(say)it was (say)it was awful.awful.例例：The headmaster went into the

12、lab,The headmaster went into the lab,by the foreign guests.by the foreign guests.(3)(3)做伴随状语常用分词，与句子主语是主动做伴随状语常用分词，与句子主语是主动关系用关系用V-ing,V-ing,是被动关系则用是被动关系则用V-ed.V-ed.(4)(4)根据非谓语出现的位置根据非谓语出现的位置,判断其所作的句判断其所作的句子成分子成分,找出其逻辑主语，判断主被动关系找出其逻辑主语，判断主被动关系。1、非谓语若跟在名词后、非谓语若跟在名词后做定语或宾补做定语或宾补，其逻，其逻辑主语均为辑主语均为前面的名词或代

13、词前面的名词或代词。2、非谓语若放在句首或句末、非谓语若放在句首或句末,且用逗号跟主句且用逗号跟主句隔开隔开,常常做状语做状语,其逻辑主语为其逻辑主语为句子的主语。句子的主语。(see(see)that the little boy was that the little boy was drowing in the river,she jumped into drowing in the river,she jumped into the water to save him without the water to save him without hesitation.hesitation

14、.注意：非谓语位于逗号后面，有时也做后置定注意：非谓语位于逗号后面，有时也做后置定语（可改写为非限定性定语从句），此时其语（可改写为非限定性定语从句），此时其逻辑主语仍是前面的名词。逻辑主语仍是前面的名词。Hardvard,Hardvard,(found)in 1632,is a (found)in 1632,is a famouse university which attracts famouse university which attracts thousands of students all over the thousands of students all over the w

15、orld.world.4 4、前面句子已经出现谓语，逗号后空格提示、前面句子已经出现谓语，逗号后空格提示给出动词，要区分两种情况：给出动词，要区分两种情况：A.A.若所考空格后面若所考空格后面还有还有and/orand/or等连接等连接的另一的另一个谓语动词，说明是个谓语动词，说明是考察考察3 3个并列谓语的情个并列谓语的情况况，此时要根据语境填写正确语态和时态的，此时要根据语境填写正确语态和时态的谓语动词；谓语动词；The old man lay in bed,The old man lay in bed,(think)(think)about his financial proble an

16、d felt about his financial proble and felt anxious.thoughtanxious.thoughtB.若所考空格若所考空格后面没有另一个谓语动词后面没有另一个谓语动词，则说，则说明这里要填明这里要填非谓语非谓语。The old man lay in bed,The old man lay in bed,(think)(think)about his financial proble and felt about his financial proble and felt anxious.thinkinganxious.thinking词类转换题的

17、解题技巧词类转换题的解题技巧技巧技巧1：做表语：做表语(系动词后系动词后)，定语，定语(名词前名词前)或补或补语（宾语后），通常用形容词形式。语（宾语后），通常用形容词形式。例：例：This proverb is saying we have to This proverb is saying we have to l e t t h i n g s g o i n t h e i r l e t t h i n g s g o i n t h e i r (n a t u r e)c o u r s e.(n a t u r e)c o u r s e.（广东高考）（广东高考）技巧技巧2：作

18、主语、在及物动词或介词后做宾语：作主语、在及物动词或介词后做宾语，在形容词性物主代词后或，在形容词性物主代词后或“冠词冠词+（形容（形容词）词）”后，用名词形式。后，用名词形式。例子：例子：“Worth double the price.”But Worth double the price.”But Jane knew from past experience that Jane knew from past experience that her her (choose)of ties hardly ever (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her

19、father.pleased her father.（广东高考）（广东高考）例：例：.the remains date from this.the remains date from this p e r i o d b e c a u s e o f t h e i r p e r i o d b e c a u s e o f t h e i r (similar)to those found elsewhere.(similar)to those found elsewhere.(广州二模广州二模)技巧技巧3：作状语修饰动词、形容词或整个句子：作状语修饰动词、形容词或整个句子时，用副词形

20、式。时，用副词形式。例：例：Some villagers brought me goats Some villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.We drank together cheese and honey.We drank together and talked and talked (merry)till far (merry)till far into the night.into the night.（广东高考）（广东高考）例：例：He must be He must be (mental)(mental)disabled.disab

21、led.（广东高考）（广东高考）技巧技巧4 4：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考察具有与词根，词类不一定要变，主要是考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-un-,im-等，在词根等，在词根后加后加-less-less等等。例：例：People certainly have a variety of People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school

22、 but reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no one important thing to know is,no knowledge is knowledge is (use).(use).（惠州三模（惠州三模）例：例：Your mistake caused a lot of Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary)work in the office.(necessary)work in the office.(广州广州二模二模)技巧技巧5 5：括

23、号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容 词 或 副 词，有 可 能 是 考 察 比 较 等 级容 词 或 副 词，有 可 能 是 考 察 比 较 等 级(as.as.,the more.the more.,a(as.as.,the more.the more.,a little,even,than,little,even,than,否定词否定词+adj+adj比较等级比较等级，the+the+序数词序数词)。例：例：.there was a lot of information.

24、there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist about the citys well-known tourist (attract).(attract).（广州一模）（广州一模）例：例：Nothing could be Nothing could be (sweet).(sweet).(广东高考广东高考)技巧技巧6 6：介词后要加名词或动名词：介词后要加名词或动名词。例：例：He suddenly kissed her on the He suddenly kissed her on the forehea

25、d and she looked at him inforehead and she looked at him in (amaze).(amaze).注意：注意：1 1、语法填空里语法填空里itit的用法：的用法：A.A.做指示代词，指代上文提到过的人或事物做指示代词，指代上文提到过的人或事物B.B.做形式主语做形式主语/宾语宾语C.C.强调句句型强调句句型2 2、byby后面后面考察动词，用考察动词，用V-ingV-ing形式；形式；byby前面前面考考察动词，用察动词，用V-edV-ed形式形式3 3、定冠词、定冠词thethe和形容词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词(my,his,(my,his,her,their,our,itsher,their,our,its等等)的区分；的区分；