中国戏剧英文介绍.ppt

1、Introduction of Chinese opera and music中国戏曲主要是由民间歌舞、说唱和滑稽戏三种不同艺术形式综合而成。它起源于原始歌舞，是一种历史悠久的综合舞台艺术样式。经过汉、唐到宋、金才形成比较完整的戏曲艺术，它由文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术、武术、杂技以及表演艺术综合而成，约有三百六十多个种类。它的特点是将众多艺术形式以一种标准聚合在一起，在共同具有的性质中体现其各自的个性。比较著名的戏曲种类有：京剧（Beijing Opera）、昆曲(Kunqu)、越剧(Shaoxing Opera)、秦腔（Shanxi Opera）、黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera)。Colo

2、urfulColourful masks and various masks and various rolesrolesWhite:Sinister,evil,crafty,treacherous,and suspicious.Anyone wearing a white mask is usually the villain.Green:Impulsive,violent,no self restraint or self control.Red:Brave,loyal.Black:Rough,fierce,or impartial.Yellow:Ambitious,fierce,cool

3、-headed.Blue:Steadfast,someone who is loyal and sticks to one side no matter what.ColourfulColourful masks and various masks and various rolesroles1.生生是戏曲表演行当的主要类型之一，扮演男性人物。（分为老生、小生，武生。）2.旦：正旦主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重唱功，多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。花旦多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。此外，还有武旦，老旦等。3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸谱为突出标志，扮演性格

4、、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男性角色。4.丑：丑丑戏曲表演行当主要类型之一，喜剧角色。扮演人物种类繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸诈刁恶，悭吝卑鄙。The Development of Chinese OperaForming stageForming stage:Primitive society (to satisfy peoples spiritual need)社火、秧歌、傩戏社火、秧歌、傩戏Booming period:Booming period:In Yuan dynasty,commercial and professional performing group emerge

5、d.The Development of Chinese OperaFamous works:Famous works:窦娥冤（关汉窦娥冤（关汉卿）、汉宫秋（马致远）卿）、汉宫秋（马致远）Extension phase:Extension phase:In Ming dynasty,Kunqu grew up on the regions south of Yangtze River(江南).The Development of Chinese OperaHeyday:Heyday:In the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,Chinese Opera we

6、lcomed a prosperous time with Beijing Opera coming up.Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent periodYuan Dynasty1、Definition：Yuan zaju(元杂剧)were poetic and musical dramas,in four(or,occasionally,five)acts,with the act defined as a set of songs following and compl

7、eting a certain musical modal progression The zaju featured particular specialized roles for performers,such as Dan(旦,dn,female),Sheng(生,shng,male),Hua(花,hu,painted-face)and Chou(丑,chu,clown).2、Reason：(1)art development Chinese Opera has developed for a long time,so it became more mature in interior

8、 structure and external performance;(2)Social reality the traditional poetry has been declining,so scholars treated the dramas as a new land to exploit;and under the control of Mongol nationality,scholars had to make a living by writing dramas for the theatres because of the abolishment of Imperial

9、Competitive Examination(科举考试).Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent periodYuan Dynasty3、Famous playwrights and Representatives：Guan Hanqing关汉卿 The Injustice to Dou E（窦娥冤）Wang Shifu王实甫Romance of the West Chamber（西厢记）4、Characteristics:元杂剧的剧本体制，绝大多数是由“四折一楔”构成。四折，

10、是四个情节的段落，像做文章讲究起承传合一样。将音乐结构和戏剧结构统一起来，达到体制上的规整，这表明元杂剧的艺术成熟和完善。5、Difference:Compared with the previous drama series,Yuan Zaju was focused more on the social reality instead of expressing playwrights subjective emotions.Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent perio

11、dMing Dynasty1.Definition:The dominant form of the Ming(13681644)and early Qing dynasties was Kunqu,which originated in the Wu cultural area.It later evolved into a longer form of play called chuanqi(传奇),which became one of the 5 melodies that made up Sichuan opera.4 Currently Chinese operas continu

12、e to exist in 368 different forms,the best known being Beijing opera,which assumed its present form in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the latter part of the Qing Dynasty(16441911).2.In this period,昆曲 and 弋阳腔 started to be popular.The former one was appreciated by the upper class w

13、hile the latter one was prevalent among ordinary people.And in the late Ming Dynasty,Excerpts(折子戏)appeared.It was only some parts of the whole 传奇 drama,but it was excellent both in dancing and singing.Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent periodMing Dynasty3.F

14、amous playwrights and Representatives:十五贯占花魁浣纱记牡丹亭（汤显祖）4.Characteristics:昆山腔 classic and graceful 弋阳腔popular,folk-custom,and focus on the performance effect 明代戏曲经过长期的舞台实践，角色分工更加细密。比如昆山腔就有12个角色，主角不限于正生、正旦，净、丑也不止是调笑了。Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent periodE

15、arly Qing DynastyBeijing Opera1.Definiton:In Beijing opera,traditional Chinese string and percussion instruments provide a strong rhythmic accompaniment to the acting.The acting is based on allusion:gestures,footwork,and other body movements express such actions as riding a horse,rowing a boat,or op

16、ening a door.Elaborate make-up designs portray which character is acting.The traditional repertoire of Beijing opera includes more than 1,000 works,mostly taken from historical novels about political and military struggles.2.Characteristcs:其表演艺术更趋于虚实结合的表现手法，最大限度超脱了舞台空间和时间的限制，达到“以形传神，形神兼备”的艺术境界。表演上要求

17、精致细腻，处处入戏；唱腔上要求悠扬委婉，声情并茂,以“武戏文唱”见佳。Introduction of operas in Introduction of operas in different perioddifferent periodEarly Qing DynastyBeijing Opera3.Origins and development:徽秦合流（乾隆五十五年（1790年）落户北京）、徽汉合流道光二十年至咸丰十年间（1840-1860），经徽戏、秦腔、汉调的合流，并借鉴吸收昆曲、京腔之长而形成了京剧。其标志之一：曲调板式完备丰富，超越了徽、秦、汉三剧中的任何一种（形成期）1883年

18、一1918年，京剧由形成期步入成熟期，代表人物为时称“老生后三杰”的谭鑫培 汪桂芬、孙菊仙 1917年以来，京剧优秀演员大量涌现，呈现出流派纷呈的繁盛局面，由成熟期发展到鼎盛期，这一时期的代表人物为杨小楼、梅兰芳(贵妃醉酒）、余叔岩。由于文人崇尚的雅文化传统在20世纪遭遇灭顶之灾，京剧达到了它的全盛时期。In the period of 1949-1985In the early years of the Peoples Republic of China,the development of Beijing opera was encouraged;many new operas on hi

19、storical and modern themes were written,and earlier operas continued to be performed.As a popular art form,opera has usually been the first of the arts to reflect changes in Chinese policy.In the mid-1950s,for example,it was the first to benefit under the Hundred Flowers Campaign,such as the birth o

20、f Jilin opera.During the Cultural Revolution,most opera troupes were disbanded,performers and scriptwriters were persecuted,and all operas were banned except the“eight model operas”also known as revolutionary opera that had been sanctioned by Jiang Qing and her associates.Western-style plays were co

21、ndemned as dead drama and poisonous weeds and were not performed.Traditional Beijing opera was considered feudalistic and bourgeois,and was banned.In the period of 1949-1985In total,eight revolutionary operas were made,and,according to some sources,they were the only forms of artistic expression all

22、owed in China at the time.The operas were made in accordance with Maos provision that art must serve the interests of the workers,peasants,and soldiers and must conform to proletarian ideology.“The limited number of operas(8)thus led to the coinage of the term Eight Model Operas In the period of 194

23、9-1985six modern operas:The Red Lantern 红灯记红灯记Shajia Village 沙家浜沙家浜Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategies 智取威虎山智取威虎山Raid on the White Tiger Regiment 奇袭白虎团奇袭白虎团Praise of Dragon River 龙江颂龙江颂On the Dock 海港海港two ballets:Red Detachment of Women 红色红色娘子军娘子军White-Haired Girl 白毛女白毛女eight revolutionary operas Mo

24、del operas were performed on stages,broadcast on the radio,made into films,and sung by millions.They were the only available theatrical entertainment for 800 million people,the entire population of China at the time.The operas are often taken as example of the Party-dominated art of the Cultural Rev

25、olution,and have been condemned as an aesthetic（美学）（美学）and cultural aberration（畸形）（畸形）.After the fall of the Gang of Four in 1976,Beijing Opera enjoyed a revival and continued to be a very popular form of entertainment both in theaters and on television.In the period of 1949-1985Nanyin Music Nanyin

26、Music is one of the oldest existing music genres(流派流派)in China,which has existed for 1,000 years.Nanyin Music originated from royal palace music,and later established itself in South China when the court musicians migrated to the south.Beginning from the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties and especia

27、lly during the Tang Dynasty,people in Central China immigrated to the Minnan Area to escape the civil wars.They brought along their music culture,which later blended into the local folk music,and became a new music genre:Nanyin music.Nanyin Music was mainly performed using the dongxiao（洞箫）（洞箫）,the n

28、anpa（横颈琵琶）（横颈琵琶）,the erxian（二弦）（二弦）,the sanxian（三弦）（三弦）and the paiban（拍板（拍板）.Combining various music elements,including the local Kun Opera style of South Fujian,Nanyin music is a beautiful music genre that is soft and smooth in both lyrics and melodies.Nanyin Music songs are sung in the Minnan dial

29、ect,and the tunes retain lots of ancient words and melodies from Central China.Huangmei OperaHuangmei Tune or Caicha OperaEast ChinasAnhui ProvinceHuangmei County,Hubei Province18th CenturyAnqing CityHuangmei Opera was derived from Caicha Tune,the folk ditties people sang while picking tea.It is a c

30、ombination of local folk songs,dances and some widespread ancient operas.1976NowThe China Drama kept developing as well The China Drama kept developing as well as the music,mainly the different local as the music,mainly the different local dramas,such as Peking Opera,Hui dramas,such as Peking Opera,

31、Hui Opera(Opera(徽剧徽剧)，etc.etc.MusicModern ethnic instrumentsInfluence from Western world,Taiwan,HK,etc.New types of music:Hip-pop,Soul,Jazz,Rock&Roll黄梅戏黄梅戏中国汉族地方戏曲，旧称黄梅调或采茶戏。中国汉族地方戏曲，旧称黄梅调或采茶戏。它发源于湖北、安徽、江西三省交界处黄它发源于湖北、安徽、江西三省交界处黄梅多云山，与鄂东和赣东北的采茶戏同出梅多云山，与鄂东和赣东北的采茶戏同出一源，其最初形式是湖北黄梅一带的采茶一源，其最初形式是湖北黄梅一带的采

32、茶歌。黄梅戏用安庆语言念唱，唱腔淳朴流歌。黄梅戏用安庆语言念唱，唱腔淳朴流畅，以明快抒情见长，具有丰富的表现力；畅，以明快抒情见长，具有丰富的表现力；黄梅戏的表演质朴细致，以真实活泼著称。黄梅戏的表演质朴细致，以真实活泼著称。黄梅戏来自于民间，雅俗共赏、怡情悦性，黄梅戏来自于民间，雅俗共赏、怡情悦性，她以浓郁的生活气息和清新的乡土风味感她以浓郁的生活气息和清新的乡土风味感染观众。染观众。Developmentat festivals and special solar periods(the at festivals and special solar periods(the 24 weath

33、er-oriented divisions of the year)24 weather-oriented divisions of the year)seasonal,semi-professional groups appeared1926-140 years after its adventappeared in Shanghai in 19341949,blossomContentsContentsChinese traditional folk talesChinese traditional folk talesthe works of ShakespeareMuch Ado Ab

34、out Nothing(1986)CharacteristicsCharacteristicsa distinctive local flavor of Chinas ancient pastgraceful and sweet-soundingeasy to understand and learnRepresentativeRepresentatives s 天仙配The Beauty 女驸马The Female Son-in-Law 牛郎织女The romance between cow-herd and weaving-fairy 徽州女人The Lady from Huichou 韩再芬 严凤英 马兰Much Ado About Nothing七女：树上的鸟儿成双对，七女：树上的鸟儿成双对，董永：绿水青山带笑颜，董永：绿水青山带笑颜，七女：从今不再受那奴役苦，七女：从今不再受那奴役苦，董永：夫妻双双把家还。董永：夫妻双双把家还。七女：你耕田来我织布，七女：你耕田来我织布，董永：我挑水来你浇园，董永：我挑水来你浇园，七女：寒窑虽破能避风雨，七女：寒窑虽破能避风雨，董永：夫妻恩爱苦也甜。董永：夫妻恩爱苦也甜。(合唱：你我好比鸳鸯鸟，合唱：你我好比鸳鸯鸟，比翼双飞在人间。比翼双飞在人间。)