专业英语学习窍门.ppt
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1、 专业英语学习窍门专业英语学习窍门Could Japanglish be a legitimate languageCould Japanglish be a legitimate language?We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and to propose you a joy of eating life with bread,says the sign in my local bakery.Especially,we want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen
2、1.We are waiting for you with various kinds of bread,cakes and sandwiches.The general meaning is clear,but could it ever be considered correct English?Yes,according to an American academic in Japan,who says that Japanese English has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in,for example,In
3、dia,Jamaica and the Philippines.1)legitimate:in accordance with the law or rules;lawful依法的;合法依法的;合法的的 Examples:Please give us a legitimate reason for being late.请给我们一个合理的迟到理由。请给我们一个合理的迟到理由。2)legitimacy:合法(性),正确:合法(性),正确(性),合理(性)(性),合理(性)Examples:The court doubted the legitimacy of his claim.法院怀疑他要求的
4、合法性法院怀疑他要求的合法性 Marshall Childs,who has a doctorate in education,believes that Japanese students should ignore the snobbery of British and American English and speak the language in a way that suits them,even if that means breaking the accepted rules of grammar,pronunciation and sentence structure.Bu
5、t his championing of Japlish,also known here as Japanglish,has infuriated some of his colleagues and led to a lively spat in the columns of Japans English language newspaper,the Daily Yomiuri.Mr Childs,who is academic dean of an international college in Japan,says the blend of two languages is accep
6、table because it makes English comprehensible to the Japanese ear.Mean 1)mean sth/doing sth:意味着做某事意味着做某事 Examples:Taking the new job means working overtime.做这个新工作意味着加班。做这个新工作意味着加班。2)mean to do sth:intend to do sth 打算打算做某事做某事 Examples:I didnt mean to hurt you.我不是故意要伤害你。我不是故意要伤害你。spat:small or unimpor
7、tant quarrel小争吵;口角小争吵;口角 Examples:There is only a spat between the brother and sister.那只是兄妹间的小吵小闹那只是兄妹间的小吵小闹 column:1)part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist(报纸的)专栏(报纸的)专栏 Example:I always read her column in the newspaper.我总是看到她在报纸上的专栏。我总是看到她
8、在报纸上的专栏。2)tall pillar高大的支柱高大的支柱 Example:The temple is supported by four massive columns.该庙是由四个大柱支持该庙是由四个大柱支持。Creative syntax is the hallmark of Japanese English.The result is a waker-upper for those who expect standard syntax,but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible,perhaps because it fol
9、lows a natural flow of thoughts.If we(native English speakers)feel prejudice against Japanese English,that is our problem,not a Japanese problem.A resident of Japan for 16 years,Mr Childs criticizes English language schools which shame their students into signing up for lessons in correct English.I
10、know one student who,after 15 years of English study,faithfully accepted the word of a new teacher that she had to relearn pronunciation from the ground up,this time learning it properly in British English.Shame shame sb into doing sth:cause sb to do sth.羞辱某人做某事羞辱某人做某事Examples:He was shamed into adm
11、itting his guilt.他羞愧地承认犯了罪他羞愧地承认犯了罪 在我们当地的面包店的招牌上这样写着:在我们当地的面包店的招牌上这样写着:“我们希望总能提供给你新鲜的我们希望总能提供给你新鲜的面包并建议你享受有面包吃的生活乐趣,特别是,我们想成为你厨房晚餐的面包并建议你享受有面包吃的生活乐趣,特别是,我们想成为你厨房晚餐的主人。我们用各种不同类型的面包、蛋糕和主人。我们用各种不同类型的面包、蛋糕和 三明治恭候你们。三明治恭候你们。”这段话大意清楚,但能认为是正确的英语吗?是的,回答是肯定的,这是这段话大意清楚,但能认为是正确的英语吗?是的,回答是肯定的,这是一位在日本的美国学者的观点。他
12、说日本式英语与印度英语、牙买加和菲律一位在日本的美国学者的观点。他说日本式英语与印度英语、牙买加和菲律宾等国说的英语一样也应看作是合法英语。宾等国说的英语一样也应看作是合法英语。教育学博士马歇尔教育学博士马歇尔?奇尔兹认为,日本学生应该不管英式和美式英语的奇尔兹认为,日本学生应该不管英式和美式英语的“势利势利”,以适合自己的方式来说英语,即使这样做可能会违背语法、发音,以适合自己的方式来说英语,即使这样做可能会违背语法、发音和句子结构等公认的规则和句子结构等公认的规则 但是,他对但是,他对“日本式英语日本式英语”的推崇却激怒了他的一些同事,而且还在日本的推崇却激怒了他的一些同事,而且还在日本的
13、一家英文报纸的一家英文报纸读卖新闻读卖新闻专栏上引发了一场激烈的争论。专栏上引发了一场激烈的争论。奇尔兹先生是日本一所国际学院的院长,他认为两种语言(英语和日语)奇尔兹先生是日本一所国际学院的院长,他认为两种语言(英语和日语)的混合是可以接受的,因为在日本人听来,这种英文更容易理解。的混合是可以接受的,因为在日本人听来,这种英文更容易理解。“创造性地使用语法结构是日本式英语的特征,其结果对那些期待使用标创造性地使用语法结构是日本式英语的特征,其结果对那些期待使用标准语法的人来说是非常令人震惊的,但是其意义通常是完全可以理解的,也准语法的人来说是非常令人震惊的,但是其意义通常是完全可以理解的,也
14、许这是因为它遵循了自然的思路。许这是因为它遵循了自然的思路。”如果我们(以英语为母语的人)对日本式英语有偏见的话,那是我们的如果我们(以英语为母语的人)对日本式英语有偏见的话,那是我们的问题,不是日本人的问题。问题,不是日本人的问题。”作为一个留居日本已有作为一个留居日本已有16年之久的居民,奇尔兹先生批评英语语言学校,年之久的居民,奇尔兹先生批评英语语言学校,说它们说它们“羞辱羞辱”学生,让他们注册学习学生,让他们注册学习“正确的正确的”英语英语课。课。“我认识一位学生,在学了我认识一位学生,在学了15年英语之后,她诚恳地听了一位新老师的意年英语之后,她诚恳地听了一位新老师的意见,从最基础的
15、东西开始,重新学习发音,这次学习的是见,从最基础的东西开始,重新学习发音,这次学习的是得体得体的英式英的英式英语。语。”That experience set her back several years and several million yen.Most students do not need high-prestige accents;they need to develop smooth habits of hearing and speaking.These habits are much more easily developed if the variety of Engl
16、ish is congenialcongenial to the learner.Mr Childs adds:The sheer exuberance of popular uses of Japanese English is admirable and should be encouraged,not condemned.In school,students are rightly bored with the correct English that does not touch their lives.Fluency in standard British or American E
17、nglish,he suggests,should be left to specialists in literature,the performing arts,interpreting and international negotiation.Nonsense,retorts fellow American academic Daniel Webster,who says Mr Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling them something is right when it is s
18、imply wrong.Prestige 名词 n.名望,声望,威望eg Does she have enough prestige to win the nomination?她有足够的威望赢得提名吗她有足够的威望赢得提名吗?egThe old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.历史悠久的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。历史悠久的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。congenial 形容词形容词 a.协调的协调的,一致的;令人快乐一致的;令人快乐,适合的适合的egI met few p
19、eople congenial to me in that city.我在那个城市没有遇到几个意气相投的人。我在那个城市没有遇到几个意气相投的人。egThey are of congenial temper.他们的性情相投他们的性情相投 Exuberance茂盛,充沛,丰富茂盛,充沛,丰富egThe exuberance that marks her writings;marked the occasion with celebrations.她的作品的特点在于丰富她的作品的特点在于丰富;以庆祝活动作为这种以庆祝活动作为这种场合的特点场合的特点 disservice.n.伤害,不亲切的行为伤害
20、,不亲切的行为egShe did her cause(a)great disservice by concealing the truth.她隐瞒了真相,这对她所参与的事业极为不利她隐瞒了真相,这对她所参与的事业极为不利 People in Asia and the Caribbean who speak those other kinds of English to which Childs compares Japanese English can and do converse fluently in them,with each other and with foreigners,sa
21、ys Mr Webster,a visiting instructor in the English department of Waseda University in Tokyo.They can also understand English-language movies without subtitles,and the educated among them can understand Henry James.Some of these latter can even write in an English that is of the highest literary qual
22、ity.None of the above is true of those who use Japanglish.In fact,I can assure Childs that the only place where this Japanese-English exists as a real medium for more than the most rudimentary kind of communication is in households where one,or some,of the members is a native-speaker of Japanese and
23、 the other,or the others,is not.Converse不及物动词不及物动词 vi.【书】交谈【书】交谈,谈话谈话(+with/on/about)egWe conversed for hours on the phone.我们在电话里谈了几小时。我们在电话里谈了几小时。adj.相反的,逆向的,倒相反的,逆向的,倒 的的egThis statement is converse to that one.这个声明和那个相反这个声明和那个相反Rudimentary形容词形容词 基本的基本的,初步的初步的egI have only a rudimentary grasp of c
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