英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题doc成品(DOC 4页).doc

1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子句子从目的上分： 1.陈述句2疑问句 1）一般疑问句 2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句 4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3祈使句4感叹句句子从结构上分：1简单句2并列句（并列复合句）3复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从 (2) 宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2）形容词性从句定从 （限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型五种句子的基本结构，主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语（ 间宾 直宾）主谓复合宾语（宾+ 宾补）主语（subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。The sun rises in the east

2、.（名词） He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is wa

3、lking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He likes playing the games.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the

4、 wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the

5、 twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in mu

6、sic.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的

7、分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be feel (摸起来, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, smell（闻起来）keep, stay ,remain（保持，仍是） get, become, turn feel（感觉） .It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds s

8、weet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn

9、 about it.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, th

10、ere are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of

11、 the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas rea

12、lly is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come h

13、ere. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in.( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She

14、 was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw

15、Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语：Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （

16、代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea t

17、o do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）(六) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the s

18、ound of the other shoe!状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.（注意，此句o

19、n his nose不可省略！）副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much./（程度状语）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）介词短语作状语：In the clas

20、sroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要

21、一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状

22、语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because

23、 she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划分句子成分练习二1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of spo

24、rts shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.Al

25、l the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of he

26、r pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.翻 译 练 习：主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ）1You should study hard. 2 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3That morning we talked a great deal. 4The meeting will last two hours. 5Great changes h

27、ave taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8Classes begin at eight every day. 主谓宾结构 （主语 及物动词 宾语 ） 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoo

28、n. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 主系表结构 （主语 系动词 主语补语 ）1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of

29、fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5 Children, keep quiet please. 双宾语结构 （主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 ）1Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the c

30、onductor. 复合宾语结构 （主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 ）1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John. 3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open. 5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful. 7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.9The guards ord

31、ered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out. 13We wont let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month. 15Ill get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightene

32、d. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling. 19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 22I consider it possible to work out the problem in ano

33、ther way. 23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 24I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型1There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village. 3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 66The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 7There used to be a cinema here before the war. 8There happened to be nobody in the room. 5 / 5