书面表达的衔接与连贯课件 (2).ppt
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1、书面表达的衔接与连贯书面表达的衔接与连贯连接词的分类和运用连接词的分类和运用l连接词连接词是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后两个意思之间关系的词或词组。连接词通常用于开篇,引出扩展句;也可用于句中,尤其是用于较长的复合句中,以作为上下文的连接纽带;还可以置于文末或段末,用于总结上文或结束本段落的内容。1、表示平行、对等或选择关系:、表示平行、对等或选择关系:and,bothand,as well as,as well,neithernor,or eitheror,not onlybut also等等l He loved swimming when he was a small boy and a
2、t eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.(NMET 1991范文)l I dont know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.(NMET 2001范文)2.表示转折关系的连接词语有:表示转折关系的连接词语有:but,yet,while,however,on the contrary,by contrast,on t
3、he other hand,in spite of,despite,nevertheless(不过,尽管)(不过,尽管),although,otherwise 等等lOn the other hand,40%think that fee should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers.(NMET 2002范文)lWhile they were working,my sister walked to a river nearby.(NMET范文)3.表示因果关系的连接词:表示因果关系的连接词:
4、for,so,therefore,as a result,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to,lHe stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.So come on,stand here.(NMET 1997范文)lHe didnt work hard,as a result,he failed in the exam.4.表示时间顺序的连接词:表示时间顺序的连接词:at first,first,second,then,next,later,meanwhile
5、,in the end,finally,after that,since then,for the first time,at last,eventually,as soon as,the next moment,shortly after,for one thing,for another thing 等等l After that I went to No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer.(NMET1996范文)l The next moment the car hit the man while he was cros
6、sing the road.(NMET2000范文)5.表示空间顺序的连接词:表示空间顺序的连接词:on the right,to the left,on one side of,on the other side of.At the foottopend of,in the middlecenter of,等等lOn one side of the road there is a new classroom building.On the other side,where the playground used to be now,stands another new buildingour
7、 library.(NMET1999范文)lIn it there are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines.(NMET1999范文)6.表示解释说明的连接词:表示解释说明的连接词:that is(to say),in other words,such as,for exampleinstance,namely,actually,to tell you the truth according to this,and so on 等等l I can follow my own interests such as reading books,v
8、isiting museums and taking computer lessons.(NMET2001范文)lIn other words,I love my hometown and the people there.7.表递进关系的连接词:表递进关系的连接词:whats moreworsebetter,besides,in addition,worse still,to make things worse,moreover,furthermore,above all,not only but also等等l Whats more,it will become necessary to
9、build gates and walls(NMET2002范文)l In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.(NMET2001范文)l In addition to meeting the need of markets at home,its products are shipped to many countries.8.表示总结的连接词:表示总结的连接词:in short,in brief,in a word,in general,as yo
10、u know,as far as I know,on the whole,to sum up等等lIn short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load.(NMET2001范文)lIn a word,great changes have taken place in our village.连接词在文章中起着重要作用,千万不可忽连接词在文章中起着重要作用,千万不可忽视!视!2.表示总结 l in a word(总之),altogether(总之)等。如:l Sm
11、oking costs us much money and it can easily cause a big fire.In a word,smoking can do us much harm.吸烟耗费许多金钱,而且容易造成火灾。总之,吸烟会给我们带来很多危害。l She is kind;she is diligent;she is clever.Altogether,she is a good girl.l 她善良、勤奋、聪明。总之,她是一个好女孩。3.表示情绪 lto ones joy(令某人高兴的是),lto ones surprise (令某人惊讶的是),to ones disap
12、pointment(令某人失望的是),lto ones pride (令某人自豪的是),lto ones satisfaction (令某人满意的是),l to ones horror(令某人惊恐的是)等。1.表达普遍规律lgenerally speaking(一般说来),lin general(一般说来),lall in all(总的说来)等。l如:Generally speaking,it is not so cold in February.一般说来,二月份不是很冷。lAll in all,drinking isnt so good to us.一般说来,喝酒对我们没有什么好处。l如:T
13、o my joy,my son passed the exam with a very high mark.令我高兴的是,我 儿子以高分通过了这次考试。lTo my surprise,he dared to get angry with his teacher.令我惊讶的是,他竟敢生老师的气。lTo my disappointment,the famous actress didnt attend the party.令我失望的是,这个著名的女演员没有参加宴会。lTo our pride,our country has set up another man-made satellite.令我们
14、骄傲的是,我们国家又发射了一颗人造卫星。lTo my satisfaction,he answered the question correctly.令我满意的是,他准确地回答了这个问题。lTo my horror,the baby fell out of the cradle.4.表示转折关系 lhowever(然而,无论如何),nevertheless(然而,不过)等。l如:This problem is very difficult;however,it is very important.这个问题很难,然而很重要。lThere was no news;nevertheless,she
15、went on hoping.尽管毫无音讯,她还盼望者。5.表示顺序 l first(第一,首先第一,首先),second(第二第二),then(然后然后),at last(最后最后),in the end(最后最后)等。等。如:l You have many things to do.First,you should clean the room.你有许多事情要做,首先应该打扫一下房间。l He stayed in Beijing for some time;then,he went to Shanghai.他在北京呆了一段时间,然后去了上海。l At first,I thought it
16、difficult to learn English,but in the end I changed my mnd.l 以开始我认为英语难学,但最后我改变了看法。一一.模仿练习模仿练习l用例句中的过渡词汇补全下列各句,每空用例句中的过渡词汇补全下列各句,每空一词。一词。l1.Generally speaking,men are much stronger than women.一般说来,一般说来,男子男子比女子强壮得多。比女子强壮得多。l_ _,girl are much more gentle than boys.Generally speakingl2.All in all,your a
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