定语从句复习提纲.doc

1、 定 语 从 句 复 习 提 纲(2014年)一， that和which的用法区别1,I will tell him all you told me at the ball. 2,The only thing we could do was to wait. 3,The first place we visited was the Great Wall. 4,Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two are still alive. 5,Theres still a

2、 room is free. 6,We talked about the people and the villages we remembered.7,Which of the two cows you keep produces more milk? 8,He is no longer the man he was.9,Bamboo is hollow, makes it light. 10,This is the room in Chairman Mao once lived. 11,Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the l

3、ibrary was newly open to us. 12,Here is the English grammar , as I have told you, will help improve your English. 13,The clock is that which can tell us the time. 二， who和that的用法区别情况1,The person I want to learn from is one studies hard and works well.2,Theres a gentleman wants to see you. 3,I met a f

4、oreigner in the park yesterday afternoon could speak Chinese very well. 4,The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor is very modest and works very hard. 三、way在定语从句中作先行词的用法1,The way _ _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2,The way _ _he explained to

5、 us was quite simple.3,What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。四、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when, where, why的用法1、先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语，可以用“介词+

6、关系代词”代替；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。Next month, you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions joking is not permissible.I still remember the days we lived together.I still remember the days we spent together. 2、先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，where在从句中做状语，可以用“介词+关系代词

7、”代替；还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 This is the factory they worked last year. This is the factory they visited last year. I think you have got to the point a change is needed, or you would fail.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation hes likely to lose control of the plane.如果定语从句分别修饰point

8、, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。“from where”可以引导定语从句。例如：.His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. (from where 相当于 from out of the window. 而不是 from the window) .They stood on the top of the building, from they

9、could see the whole city. .She stood near the north window, from she could see the whole garden. (= through which)比较：.The book was written in 1946, _ _the education system has witnessed great changes. A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when .They stayed with me for two weeks, _ they dran

10、k all the beer I had . A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which .The problem will be discussed next month, by the school leaders will have to make up their minds about what to do with the problem.A, when B, which C, that D, whom3、先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时, 可以用why 引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可

11、用for which替代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：The reason he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.Can you tell me the reason you didnt finish your homework?I dont believe the reason he gave me. Have you asked him the reason may explain his success?比较 He was late .Thats because he got up late

12、. He got up late. Thats why he was late.五、whose引导的定语从句whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时，可以用“the+名词+of which”或者“of which the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：He studies in a school whose buildings(= ) are built on top of a hill. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (2000上海

13、)A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 六、as作关系代词引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或such与as相呼应,（ the same as ; the same as；such as ; so as） as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。as引出的定语从句带有比较意义，从句常常只写出比较部分，但as本身不可省略。例如：We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with ou

14、r own interests.They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （ 从句） It is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （ 从句）注意：在the same后也可用that引导定语从句，但含义有所不同。that引出的从句，指的是与先行词同

15、一的事物，而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。例如：This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 2、引导非限制性定语从句。指主句的全部或部分内容。常译为“正如”“就像”等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。as后常接expect, know, report, expect, point out，say, see等动词的主、被动语态。As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作 语)=As

16、is known to us all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作 语）=Its known to us all that smoking is harmful to ones health . （ 从句）或:Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know . 或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to ones health.注意：as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1）、都可以代整个主句，相当于and this或and that.2

17、）、as从句可放在句首，而which从句不能。3）、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；如果为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which. 例如：It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park. 七、关系词作主语时，其谓语动词的数取决于先行词尤其是“one of the +复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果“one of the+复数名词”这一结构前面带有the/only/the only之类的

18、限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。 Tom is one of the boys who late that morning. Tom is the (only/the only )one of the boys who late that morning. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 【2002春上海】八，被分隔的定语从句定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可

19、能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.The days are gone forever when the Ch

20、inese people used “foreign oil”.当从句中有插入语时，选择关系词时应注意不要受其干扰。The beggar I think is poor is in fact very rich.九，“介词+关系代词”考点分析总的说来,选择介词，一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配，三是根据句子意思表达的需要。1. 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The documents which they were searching have been recovered. American women usua

21、lly identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom (2004上海卷)(2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar. 2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：Ill never forget the day which she said goodbye to m

22、e.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which (2004全国卷)3，考查根据句意确定介词Tom, whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher.I am looking for my glasses, which I cant watch TV clearly.In the office, I nev

23、er seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which (1995上海)4，考查of which whom （表示所属关系、整体与部分关系或同位关系）On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hun

24、dred feet high. (2004湖北卷)A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that (2004辽宁)The journey around the world took the old sailor nine

25、 months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which (2004全国)注意这类定语从句和并列句的比较（并列连词、标点符号）。注：并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开，要注意有些动词短语中，介词为固定搭配的一部分，不能拆开使用，此时它们的位置应注意。这样的动词短语常用的有： look after, look for, turn in, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to 等。如：The boy (

26、whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.These are the words (which/that)you should pay attention to.注：根据意思也可用“复杂介词+关系代词”结构，用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：by means of ,as a result of, at the back of, in（the） front of, because of, in case of, on account of等，如： We got to a house

27、at the back of which was a large garden. He had a bad cold, because of which he didnt attend the meeting. “介词+which/whom+不定式”结构 （学考联通第136页）The poor man has no house in which to live/in which he can live/to live in .Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only 1.87 with which to buy Jim a presen

28、t.十，定语从句的比较1，与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was that”去掉后，句子的意思和结构是完整的。（1），It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when 【1997】 （2），- Tell us when on earth you began to have this strange idea. - It was during my stay in Vienna I

29、was attending an international conference.A, when B, where C, that D, which（3），-Where did you lose your cell phone? - It was in the stadium I played tennis.A, that B, which C, where D, there （4），It is the library _ _ _I borrowed the book. （5），It is from this library _ _I borrowed the book. 2，that引导的

30、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。引导词that在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。翻译方法不同。限制性定语从句通常翻译成“的”，而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示。（6），Theres a feeling in me we will never know what a UFO isnot ever. 【2002春上海】A. that B. which C. of whi

31、ch D. what（7），I agree with Janes point we need to look more closely at the costs.A, whichB, thatC, whereD, how（8），The news _ he told us was very exciting.（9），He told us the news _ our team had won the game.3，与表语从句的区别（10），The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traff

32、ic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which （05 江苏）4，与状语从句的区别。状语从句通常是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语。而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的。（11），Why do you want a new job youve got such a good one already? 【1998】A. that B. where C. which D. when（12），After the war, a ne

33、w school building was put up there had once been a theatre. 【1997】A. that B. where C. which D. when5，与while或when引导的并列句的区别。when引导并列句时，意思是“这时”，相当于and then或and at that time. while 引导一个并列句时，意思是“然而”，表示“对比”或“转折”。（13），She thought I was talking about her daughter, , in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

34、 A. whom B. whereC. whichD. while 【1995】6，带定语从句的复合句与简单句、并列句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意的是，逗号后面也许根本就不是一个句子，而只是一个同位语。（14），Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. 【2002】A. tha

35、t B. one C. it D. what（15），They have more than 100 books ; most of are English .A, which B, that C, whose D, them7，定语从句与非谓语动词的转换The new building that is being built is our new library. The new building that was built last year is our new library. The new building that will be built next year is our

36、new library. We will study in the house facing south. The question discussed yesterday is very important. The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 比较 On the way to the Beirut , we saw many refugees, some luggage on their shoulders.A, all carrying B, all carried C, all were carrying D,

37、 who carrying Not far from the club there was a garden, owner seated in it playing bridge with his children.A, whose B, that C, which D, its十一, 定语从句易犯错误（一）、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。如： 1误：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正： 2误：The book that you need it is in the library 正： （二）、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如： 1误：A

38、nyone who break the law will be punished 正： 2误：Those who has finished may go home 正： （三）、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如： 1误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正： 2误：The key opens the bike is missing 正： （四）、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如： 1误：The house where he lives in needs repairing 正： 2误：I still remember

39、the day on when I first came to Beijing 正： （五）、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 1误：I still remember the day when we spent together 正： 2误：This is the house where we lived in last year 正： （六）、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如： 1误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？ 正： 2误：I dont believe th

40、e reason why he has given for his being late 正： （七）、误将强调句型当定语从句。如： 1误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out 正：2误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come？ 正： （八）、主句不完整误：Is this book that your teacher gave you yesterday ? 2011年高考定语从句1，【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the wri

41、ter _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2，【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which3，【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _

42、, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that4，【2011上海卷) 39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as5，【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that6，【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which7，【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. w