简单句并列句复杂句课堂课件.ppt
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1、英语句子概论?基本成分?附属成分?独立成分?省略成分?连接成分?简单句?并列句?复合句1?主语 不及物动词(S+Vi)?主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)?主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative)?主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)?主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语?(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)?There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为 基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含 2个基本成分,至多 4个基本成分。2nounadj./adv.i
2、nfinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.3主语不及物动词She came/My head aches
3、.主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 主语补语She is happy主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例4附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是:?定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句?状语:即用
4、来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语PoorJohn tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over thereis my brother.People there like sports.5John oftencame to chat with meJohn l
5、ikes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语6Examples:Oh!What is that!
6、(惊叹词)He has,alas,failed againCome here,John(呼语)Roll on,Ocean,roll on句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分7(You)Come here(I wish you)Good luck!Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten eggsHe runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.(I)Hope you like it.John should clean the
7、 room today and Peter(should clean it)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:一定的意思:省略成分8连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含2个到4个基本成分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分9简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的
8、一种。?作一种陈述?提出一个问题?发出一种命令或请求?表示一种感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!10简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语(谓语)方式 地点 时间Iboughta hat yesterday.Th
9、e childrenran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.11简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语(如定语)来扩展,及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语(如状语)连用进行扩展。The dog jumped through the window.He
10、is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeksput three bottles ofmilk quietlyon my doorstepbefore seven oclock.He worked like a madmanin the gardenon Saturday.The younggirl with long black hairseems to be very happy.12两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onl
11、ybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句,但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss andhis secretaryare flying to Paris.Boththe boss andhis secretaryare flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flyingto Rome.The boss but not his secretaryis flying to Ro
12、me.The boss may be flyingto Berlin.His secretary may be flyingto Berlin.Either the boss orhis secretaryis flying to Berlin.The boss is not flyingto York.His secretary isnt flying to York.Neither the boss norhis secretaryis flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并13两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。I met Jane.I me
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