宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有课件.ppt
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1、1 结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important
2、 to learn.(1).主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault(错)错).注:注:常用常用it做形式主语,将做形式主语,将to do放在位于放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。之后,使句子保持平衡。句型句型1:It+谓语谓语+to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2:Its+n
3、.+to doIts our duty _ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains 句型句型3:It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth(是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is useful for us to read m
4、ore after school.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.1.It is very important for us _ English well.A learn B learning C to learn D learned2.爬那棵高树对于你来
5、说太危险了。dangerous for you _ _ that tall tree.It isto climb(2008甘肃兰州)甘肃兰州)(2).表语表语My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis1.I want to go home.The workers decide to finish the work.考点二:宾语考点二:宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:hope,refuse(拒绝)(拒绝),learn,want,try,choose,decide,agree(同意
6、,赞成)(同意,赞成),hope,plan,would like,need,like,wish,seem,forget,start,begin等等2.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/consider(考虑)考虑)/find it+adj.+to do 3.常跟疑问词常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词不定式作宾语的动词:He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.
7、I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补二看二看 watch see look at 三三使使 let make have 一一听听 listen to hear四注意四注意:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等notice五感觉五感觉:I made him do his work.He was
8、 made to do his work(by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He
9、 is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)1.不定式作定语时,应放在不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面,而,而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系:关系:(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓
10、关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定作的地点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way,不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。He had no mo
11、ney and no place to live(in).他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.注意:注意:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:如:He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very exc
12、ited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there.To look at him,you would like him(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper (写上)(写上)4.Excuse me,could I use your pen for a moment?I have no pen (写)(写)to write onto write withI came here t
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