定语从句特殊情况课件.ppt

1、）定语从句做题步骤1.判断句子是否为定语从句2.若句子是定语从句，找到先行词，判断是人还是物3.分析句子是否缺少成分，然后选择关系代词或关系副词4.介词加which就相当于某些关系副词5.what 一定不能用于定语从句中关系词关系词whoWhomThatWhichWhoseWhenWherewhy先行词人人人或物物人或物时间地点原因关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词只用只用that不用不用which的场合的场合1.先行词前有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时修饰时e.g.This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen

2、.This is the third film that has been shown in our school.2.当先行词是当先行词是不定代词不定代词时，如时，如all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,no one,some等等e.g.He did everything that he could to help us.We should do all that is useful to the people.3.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,one

3、 of,the only,the very,the right,last,few,just,still等修饰时等修饰时e.g.The only thing that we do is to give you some advice.You can take any seat that is free.4.当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开始的特殊疑问句时开始的特殊疑问句时e.g.Who is the boy that won the gold medal.Which is the book that you like best?5.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用有两个定语从句时

4、，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用另一个宜用thate.g.They built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.6.当先行词前有当先行词前有such或或the same修饰，先行词和关系修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时代词指同一物时e.g.She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.7.被修饰成分为被修饰成分为表语表语时，或者关系代词充当从句的时，或者关系代词充当从句的表表语语时时,该关系代词宜用该关系代词宜用tha

5、t.Thats a good book that will help you a lot.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.8.当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时 My father and my mum talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.9.被修饰词为数词时被修饰词为数词时.Yesterday I caught two fish.Now you can see t

6、he two that are still alive.只用只用which不用不用that的场合的场合1.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时e.g.He built a house through which he could study the sky.2.引导引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句时时e.g.Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是that时时e.g.Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4.先

7、行词后有插入语时先行词后有插入语时e.g.Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.只用只用who不用不用that的场合的场合1.先行词是指人的不定代词时，如先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,none,those,people等等e.g.People all like those who have good manners.2.当先行词有较长的后置定语时当先行词有较长的后置定语时 Professor

8、 Smith is coming soon who will give us a lecture on how to learn English.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.3.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时e.g.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.4.在在There be 结构中，修饰人的主语的定语从句结构

9、中，修饰人的主语的定语从句宜用关系代词宜用关系代词who 指代人指代人.如：如：There is a gentleman who wants to see you.Way 和Time 后的定语从句当当way作为先行词且意为作为先行词且意为“方法，方式方法，方式”时时关系词可以是关系词可以是that,in which 或或省略省略This is the way(that/in which)he teaches us English.当先行词是当先行词是time 时时Time表示表示“次数次数”时关系词用时关系词用that,that可可省略省略Time表示表示“时间时间”时关系词用时关系词用whe

10、n或介词或介词加加whichDo you still remember the time when/in which we hang out together?名词性从句做题步骤1.判断句子是否为名词性从句判断句子是否为名词性从句2.若句子为名词性从句再判断是哪一种名词性若句子为名词性从句再判断是哪一种名词性从句从句3.要分析该句是否缺少什么成分也就是说所选要分析该句是否缺少什么成分也就是说所选的连接词除了引导名词性从句外是否要在该的连接词除了引导名词性从句外是否要在该从句中充当什么从句中充当什么成分成分4.要特别注意同位语从句要特别注意同位语从句(which不能引导同位不能引导同位语从句语从

11、句)名词性从句的种类1.主语从句2.表语从句3.宾语从句4.同位语从句(能跟同位语从句的通常是抽能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，如象名词，如news,idea,report,belief,fact,doubt,hope,information)What 和 that在名词性从句中的区别What在名词性从句中可充当主语，宾语和表在名词性从句中可充当主语，宾语和表语，相当于语，相当于the thing thate.g.What the teacher said was very valuable.That 在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分，在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，引导主语从

12、句时常用只起连接作用，引导主语从句时常用it作形作形式主语；引导宾语从句时，常被省略。式主语；引导宾语从句时，常被省略。e.g.That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.只用whether不用if的场合1.引导主语从句且置于句首时e.g.Whether he will go there or not is not clear.2.引导表语从句时e.g.The problem is whether the TV play is worth watching.3.引导同位语从句时e.g.The news whether our team has w

13、on the match is unknown.4.引导宾语从句，前置，同时又作介词的宾语从句时e.g.We are interested in whether he will agree with us or not.5.作动词discuss的宾语时e.g.Lets discuss whether Mary is fit for the position.6.其后接动词不定式时e.g.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.Doubt VS Sure Doubt用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if Doubt用于否定句或疑问

14、句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that Sure用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that Sure用于否定句或疑问句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或ifThat 在定语从句和同位语从句中的在定语从句和同位语从句中的区别区别 That作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可充当主语宾语和表语，作宾语时常可中可充当主语宾语和表语，作宾语时常可被省略被省略 That引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，不引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，不充当任何成分，一般不能省略也不能与充当任何成分，一般不能省略也不能与which互换。互换。Noun clause(名

15、词性从句名词性从句)动词的时态和语态常见的时态一般现在时（要特别注意时刻表及客观事实）一般过去时（要特别注意过去某一段时间经常或反复的动作）一般将来时（要特别注意be to表示按计划或安排要做的事，be about to 表示即将发生的动作）现在进行时（要特别注意动词加be动词的情况，它有一种故意如此的意思，e.g.You are stupid.(你很糊涂）You are being stupid.(你在装糊涂）有一些词不用于进行时态：短暂动作类：finish,marry感官类：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,seem,sound感觉类：hate,like,love,wis

16、h存在类：be,exist,remain,stay占有从属类：have,possess,own,belong认知类：understand,know,think,remember现在完成时（对现在造成一定影响，要特别注意for,since引导的时间状语从句以及第几次做某事）过去完成时（过去的过去）动词的语态 用主动表示被动的情况1.表示主语的某种特征的动词，如read,write,wash,dry,sell,wear e.g.The coat dries easily.2.表示开始，结束，运动变化的某些动词，如start,drive,change,move e.g.In England,cars drive on the left-hand side of the road.3.表示主语状态特征的连系动词，如look,feel,smell,sound,taste等 e.g.The desk feels smooth.4.用于be+adj.+不定式中 e.g.The chair is very comfortable to sit on.5.Worth及表示需要的need,want,require 之后的动名词 e.g.His watch is out of order and needs repairing.