中小学英语-定语从句复习课件1.ppt

1、新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏1定语从句复习定语从句复习新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏2 定语从句定语从句 定语从句（定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等。等。关系副词有：关系副词有：w

2、hen,where,why等。等。新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏3先行词是先行词是物物先行词是先行词是人人定语定语 地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主宾宾关系关系代词代词which thatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen注：注：1.介词提前时一般只用介词提前时一般只用which和和whom。2.whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which/of whom新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏4关系词的种类关系词的种类关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起着起着代词和连词代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当的作用，在

3、从句中充当主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语起着起着副词或介词短语和连词副词或介词短语和连词的作用，的作用，在从句中充当在从句中充当状语状语The man(who is standing there)is my brother.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏5关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 两个简单句：两个简单句：A man is standing there.The man is my bro

4、ther.=主从复合句：主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏6引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 that which who whom whose that即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which指物，作主语或宾语。指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人指人,who作主语作主语,whom作宾

5、语。作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。可省去。新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏71.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.主语主语2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.宾语宾语3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.主语主语4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Ji

6、ms sister.宾语）宾语）新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏82.Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(主语主语)2)The fish which we bought were not fresh.（宾语）（宾语）新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏93.who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾在从句中分别作主语和宾语语 (口语中口语中whowho也可作宾语也可作宾语)1)The foreigner who visit

7、ed our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）（主语）2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语）（主语）新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏104)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.（宾语）（宾语）3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.（宾语）（宾语）新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏11在以疑问词在以疑问词who开头的句子中开头的句子

8、中,或关系代词在或关系代词在从句中作表语时从句中作表语时,用用that,不用不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.NOTE新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏123)This is the book whose cover is blue.4.whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物在从句中作定语，指人或物1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2)This is t

9、he boy whose composition the teacher talked of.新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏13关系代词关系代词which，whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有语时，从句常有“介词介词+which（或（或whom）”引引出。出。Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.This is the old man from whom weve learnt a lot.新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏14I h

10、ave a sister.+She works in Shanghai.=I have a sister _ works in Shanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海他想要见的人在上海。He wants to see the man.+The man is in Shanghai.=The man _ he wants to see is in Shanghai.Have you found the pen?+You lost it yesterday.=Have you found the pen _ you lost yesterday?who/thatwho/whom/

11、that(that/which)新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏15Do you know the girl?+Her mother works here.=Do you know the girl _ mother works here?I live in a room.+its window faces south.=I live in a room _ window faces south.whosewhose=I live in a room the window of which faces south.of which the window新课标英语课件PPT

12、文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏16 (1)如果先行词是如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系等不定代词，关系代词一般只用代词一般只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in

13、our school.关系代词关系代词that 和和which的区别的区别 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏17(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代等词修饰，关系代词常用词常用that,不用不用which,who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show befo

14、re.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏182.2.宜用宜用whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用当定语从句的介词提前时，要

15、用which。The house in which they lived last yearhas been rebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which helped her a lot.新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏19as,which 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 由由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句，引导的非限定性定语从句，as和和which可可代整个主句，相当于代整个主句，相当于and this或或and that。A

16、s一般放一般放在句首，在句首，which在句中。在句中。As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.whichD.heIt rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.A.thatB.whichC.as D.it新课

17、标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏20(3)当先行词受当先行词受such,the same，as,so 修饰时，常用修饰时，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：注意：当先行词由当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语引导定语从句，但是和由从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。所引导的定语从句意思不同。She wore the

18、 same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏21as 和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两

19、点：以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有有“正正如如，正像，正像”的意思的意思(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是从句中的谓语必须是系动词系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用的关系代词只能用which。新课标英语课件PPT文档

20、 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏22关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状语原因状语)。新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏23 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、主、谓、宾、定、状定、状)，也能正确选择出关

21、系代词，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days age?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on whichD.the one新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏24判断改错判断改错1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2.I will never

22、 forget the days when I spent in the countryside.3.This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.FFTT新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏25区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系同位语从句说明先行

23、词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句定语从句(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句同位语从句新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏262定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由句子也可以由when,where,ho

24、w,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语定语(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏273.同位语从句和先行词一般可

25、以用同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the eart

26、h.新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏28Step 4.关系副词关系副词先行词先行词状语状语地点地点where时间时间when原因原因why/for which新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏29关系词的种类关系词的种类关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起着起着代词和连词代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语起着起着副词或介词短语和连词副词或介词短语和连词的作用，的作用，在从句中充当在从句中充当状语状语关系词的作用：关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 把两

27、个句子连起来构成一个复合句把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏30关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 两个简单句：两个简单句：I visited the city.I was born in the city.=主从复合句：主从复合句：I visited the city where I was born.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词=（in which）关系副词关系副词：在定语从句中作状语：在定语从句中作状语新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏31This is the house.+I w

28、as born in the house.（介词短语介词短语）=I was born there（副词副词).=This is the house_ I was born.=_ which注意区别：注意区别：This is the house _ I was born in.(which/that)wherein新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏32We will never forget the day.+we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.=We will never forget the day _ we will h

29、old the Olympic Games._ which注意区别：注意区别：I will never forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which/that)I dont know the reason why he left here.=for whichwhenon新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏33注意注意：1.Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，

30、所以在从句中不能在重复了。所以在从句中不能在重复了。what 不能用于定语从句中不能用于定语从句中2.Tell me anything what you know.Tell me what you know.thattell sb.sth,新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏343.在在介词介词 whom/which 结构中，介词的选择结构中，介词的选择I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is th

31、e hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to that B.who C.from whom D.to whom根据先行词来判断根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbe proud of;turn to sb.for help新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏354.（名词、代词、数词、最高级）（名词、代词、数词、最高级）of whom/which 结构中，

32、结构中，表所属关系，表所属关系，”当中的当中的”China has hundreds of islands,the largest of that is Taiwan.whichThere 54 students in our class,most of them are boys.whom新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏365.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 why 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用for whiche.g.I

33、have told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用只能用whom，不能用，不能用who替换，也不能省略替换，也不能省略His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.A.whom B.who C.that D.whose新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏37在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面

34、 的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有 两个两个:which,asAlice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he_ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What区别：区别：a.which 只能放在句末，只能放在句末，而而as 从句则还可以放

35、在句首或句中。从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.从意义上讲，从意义上讲，which 意为意为“这一点这一点,而而as 却可表示却可表示”正如那样正如那样“，有些有些as从句已成了固定句型从句已成了固定句型,如：如：as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as I can see,as is reported,as you may have heard 新课标英语课件PPT文档 友情分享 持续更新 欢迎收藏38Exercises1.Look at the lady _ name is Pochi.A.who B.whose C.whom D.that2.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which3.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe.A.who B.whose C.whom D.whom