（5A）雅思写作课程课件.ppt

1、任务任务测试内容测试内容时间时间1G 应用信函：至少应用信函：至少150词词 20分钟分钟 1 A 图表图表,流程图：至少流程图：至少150词词 20分钟分钟 2 G/A 议论文：至少议论文：至少250词词40分钟分钟【5A】雅思写作课程雅思写作课程雅思图表题雅思图表题7分技巧分技巧确定动态或静态：确定动态或静态：有无时间跨度有无时间跨度归类：归类：找不同点找不同点-大和小大和小/升和降升和降对比：对比：-make comparison静态对比：同一年份不同数值的大小对比动态对比：不同年份间数值增大减少对比描述描述：-main featuresline:起点/终点/交点 pie:最大最小百分比

2、bar:最大最小差值图表题图表题7分三个重要句型分三个重要句型while/whereas 对比数据对比数据定从省略定从省略/分词状语后置分词状语后置with介词状语后置介词状语后置图表题正文段分段原则图表题正文段分段原则单图单图:先分类后分段先分类后分段双双/三图三图:每个图表一段每个图表一段四图四图:先分类后分段先分类后分段审题注意事项审题注意事项line graph 剑剑5 P29基本句型基本句型1The number of Xincreasedgrewrosedecreaseddroppeddeclinedfellto/by 300fluctuatedsuddenlyrapidlydra

3、maticallysharplysignificantlysteadilygraduallyslowlyslightlyjumpedclimbedsurgedsoaredrocketedsankslidplungedslumpedtumbled 基本句型基本句型2There was a/an(30%)suddenrapiddramaticsignificantsharpsteadygradualslowslightincreasegrowthrisedecreasedropfalldecline fluctuationin the number of X from 150 to 300form

4、 15%to 30%between and from to line:描述数值变化的两个基本句型描述数值变化的两个基本句型The number of Xhit a historic high/top the previous peaklevelled off/flattened out in Decemberat 200.reacheda peak/plateauthe highest pointreachedthe bottomthe lowest pointbottomed out/bounced back表示超过的单词补充表示超过的单词补充1exceed/surpass/overtake

5、(后面直接跟数字后面直接跟数字)：The final cost should not exceed 5 million dollars.2outnumber/outscore(指一种事物的数字超过另指一种事物的数字超过另一种数字，后面不直接跟数字一种数字，后面不直接跟数字)：In our office the females outnumber the males:5 to 3.3outweigh/outperform:(指价值超过另一中事物指价值超过另一中事物):The advantages outweigh the drawbacks.while/whereas 对比数据的用法对比数据的用

6、法The number of students of class A rose steadily,whereas/while that of class B fell slightly.真题例句：真题例句：From 1950 onwards,industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km3,while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300km3.lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around150 grams),whereas m

7、uch less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams).Between 1940 and around 1960,The percentage of elderly people in the USA increased/rose/grew slightly/slowly to 10%while/whereas that of(the figure for)Japan decreased/declined/fell rapidly/sharply/significantly by 2%.while/whereas 对比数据对比数据基于大小升降的分类，用表示

8、转折关系的基于大小升降的分类，用表示转折关系的连接词连接前后两句话，可有效提高小作连接词连接前后两句话，可有效提高小作文结构和语法分数。文结构和语法分数。此外，段落间也可进行对比，用如：此外，段落间也可进行对比，用如：by contrast/on the contrary/on the other hand 等表示转折关系的状语进行写作。等表示转折关系的状语进行写作。定从省略定从省略/分词状语后置分词状语后置By 2000,nuclear power had developed into the main source.Nuclear power produced almost 75%of e

9、lectricity,at 126 units.范文例句范文例句By 2000,nuclear power had developed into the main source,producing almost 75%of electricity,at 126 units.定从省略定从省略/分词状语后置分词状语后置:练习练习Between these years,electricity production almost doubled in Australia.Electricity production rose from 100 units to 170 in Australia.范文例

10、句范文例句Between these years,electricity production almost doubled,rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia.Between 1940 and around 1960,the proportion of people aged 65 and over in the USA showed an upward trend,increasing slightly from approximately 9%to 10%while the figure for Japan experienced/witn

11、essed a downward trend,decreasing rapidly from 5%to only 3%.定从省略定从省略/分词状语后置分词状语后置分词状语后置的特点是可以将一个描述数据的简单句变为高分的从句，从而把单一的句子写得更有层次，并突出图表的主要特点。一般前半句为文字描述，后半句为数字描述。常用的文字描述句型有：showed/saw/witnessed/experienced a/an+upward/downward/opposite/similar trend或+increase/rise/decline/dropwith介词状语后置的用法介词状语后置的用法The r

12、emaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power.But hydro power contributed only 5 units.The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power,with hydro power which contributed only 5 units.真题例句：真题例句：The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nucl

13、ear power,with hydro contributing only 5 units.with介词状语后置的用法介词状语后置的用法:练习练习These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s.Europe had as much as 9.8%of degradation due to deforestation.These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s,with Europe which had as much as 9

14、.8%of degradation due to deforestation真题例句：真题例句：These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s,with Europe having as much as 9.8%of degradation due to deforestationBetween 1940 and around 1960,the proportion of elderly people in the Western countries showed/saw an upward trend,with

15、(that of)Sweden increasing more rapidly from about 7%to 9%while the figure for Japan experienced/witnessed a downward trend,decreasing rapidly from 5%to only 3%.with介词状语后置介词状语后置With 介词状语后置的主要用途是它可以把很介词状语后置的主要用途是它可以把很多有相似性的数值归纳在一起多有相似性的数值归纳在一起(前半句前半句)，并突，并突出其中有特点的一些数值出其中有特点的一些数值(后半句后半句)。常见的用法有：常见的用法有

16、：With+抽象名词抽象名词如：如：with fish representing 225 gramsWith+具体数值具体数值如：如：with 225 gramsAs can be seen from the line graph,the projected populations of all the African nations and Afghanistan(the only country from the Middle East in the graph)would see an upward trend in the following 9 decades,with Nigeri

17、a and Tanzania increasing most rapidly to approximately 740 million and 320 million in 2100 respectively whereas the figures for the developing(BRIC)and industrialized countries could witness a significant drop after 2050,with the exception of(that of)the United States whose population is envisaged

18、to climb to about 480 million in 2100.审题练习审题练习剑桥剑桥7-LINE GRAPH P53The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef,lamb,chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods,with about 225 grams consumed per perso

19、n per week.lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around 150 grams),while much less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams).However,during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.The consumption of fish also

20、 declined,but much less significantly to just below 50 grams,so although it remained the least popular food,consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken,on the other hand,showed an upward trend,overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.By 2004 it had soared to al

21、most 250 grams per person per week.Overall,the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.BODY 1In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods,with about 225 grams consumed per person per week.lamb an

22、d chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around 150 grams),while much less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams).BODY 2However,during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.The consumption of fish also declined,bu

23、t much less significantly to just below 50 grams,so although it remained the least popular food,consumption levels were the most stable.BODY 3The consumption of chicken,on the other hand,showed an upward trend,overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.By 2004 it had soared to almost 2

24、50 grams per person per week.线图分段方法线图分段方法Introduction:转述题目转述题目Body 1:起点的静态对比起点的静态对比Body 2:整个时间段的动态对比整个时间段的动态对比Conclusion:正文段的文字总结正文段的文字总结(总体趋总体趋势势)剑剑8 test 4The line graph shows the changes in the amount of goods delivered by four different forms of transportation.In 1974,pipeline was considered the

25、 least popular transportation tool in the UK,with just around 5 millions tons of products carried,whereas nearly 50%of goods in the UK were transported by road(over 70 million tons).The figures for water and rail were also significant,constituting approximately 39 and 40 million tons respectively.De

26、spite some fluctuations,the quantities of goods carried through road,water and pipeline saw a growing trend,reaching the highest points at approximately 100,65 and 21 million tons respectively by 2002.By contrast,railway transportation witnessed a downward trend before rising to about 40 million ton

27、s again by 2002,overtaken by that of water in 1978 and touching the bottom at around 25 million tons in 1994.Overall,throughout these years,the amount of goods delivered by almost all four types of transport had increased steadily,with the exception of that of rail transportation which decreased til

28、l 1994 then picked up again.(176)剑桥剑桥7 P101 PIE CHART10%of the students were from China.Chinese occupied 10%of the students.Chinese accounted for 10%of the students.Chinese represented 10%of the students.Chinese constituted 10%of the students.Pie:描述数值比例的两个基本句型描述数值比例的两个基本句型表示表示剩余的词汇补充剩余的词汇补充1名词：名词：th

29、e rest=the remainder 例句：例句：During the remainder of the morning,he helped his aunt with some housework.2形容词：形容词：remaining 例句：例句：The remaining 18%was taken up by the cost of medical care.In Australia,electricity generated from coal and hydro power had increased significantly from 1980 to 2000,with coa

30、l soaring to 130 units by 2000 while natural gas and oil had become the least popular sources of electricity production,producing only 2 units of the total electricity each in 2000.On the contrary,nuclear power had gained such a popularity in terms of producing electricity in France during the last

31、two decades,rising from 15 units in 1980 to 126 units whereas hydro power and natural gas had witnessed significant drops,with each constituting 2 units in 2000.Coal and oil almost remained unchanged,representing about 50 units of total production throughout the same period.The charts compare the so

32、urces of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000.Between these years electricity production almost doubled,rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia,and from 90 to 180 units in France.In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source(50 units)and the remainder was pro

33、duced from natural gas,hydro power(each producing 20 units)and oil(which produced only 10 units).By 2000,coal had become the fuel for more than 75%of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.In contrast,France used coal as a source fo

34、r only 25 units of electricity in 1980,which was matched by natural gas.The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power,with hydro contributing only 5 units.But by 2000 unclear power,which was not used at all in Australia,had developed into the main source,producing almost 75

35、%of electricity,at 126 units,while coal and oil together produced only 50 units.Other sources were no longer significant.Overall,it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources:Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.剑桥7-PIE CHART P101范文剑剑8 test 2

36、同意词替换：同意词替换：annual spending改变词性：主语改变词性：主语 school+动词动词 spend同意词：同意词：cost/expenditure/budget/expense换主语：换主语：pay/salary/income/earning/wage剑桥剑桥8-PIE CHART P164范范文文The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years:1981,1991 and 2001.In all three years,the grea

37、test expenditure was on staff salaries.But while other workers salaries saw a fall from 28%in 1981 to only 15%of spending in 2001,teachers pay remained the biggest cost,reaching 50%of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45%in 2001.Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20%by 1991 b

38、efore decreasing to only 9%by the end of the period.In contrast,the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.This cost decreased to only 5%of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23%of the school budget.Similarly,the cost of insurance saw a rising

39、trend,growing from only 2%to 8%by 2001.Overall,teachers salaries constituted the largest cost to the school,and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance,there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on other workers salaries.Introduction 首段转述首段转述提

40、干句型提干句型：The three charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and 2001.范文转述范文转述：The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years:1981,1991 and 2001.Body 1 In all three years,the greatest expenditure was on staff

41、 salaries.But while other workers salaries saw a fall from 28%in 1981 to only 15%of spending in 2001,teachers pay remained the biggest cost,reaching 50%of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45%in 2001.(分词状语后置分词状语后置)先分类后对比先分类后对比Body 2Expenditure on resources(分类分类)such as books had increased to 20%b

42、y 1991 before decreasing to only 9%by the end of the period.(介词状语后置介词状语后置)In contrast,the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.This cost decreased to only 5%of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23%of the school budget.Similarly,the cost of i

43、nsurance saw a rising trend,growing from only 2%to 8%by 2001.(分词状语后置分词状语后置)conclusionOverall,teachers salaries constituted the largest cost to the school,and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance,there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on

44、 other workers salaries.(general trends)题目题目 The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialized countries in 1980 and 1990.要求要求 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.出处出处 剑剑3

45、 P73 真题真题审题审题 There were more students than teachers(150 and 50 respectively).The number of students is twice more than/three times as many as that of the teachers(150 and 50 respectively).There was a three-fold/three times increase in the number of students from 50 to 200.The number of studentsdoub

46、led/tripled/quadrupledfrom 50 to 200increasedtwo-fold/twicethreefold/three timesfour-fold/four timesBar:描述数值倍数的两个基本句型描述数值倍数的两个基本句型In industrialized countries,the number of scientists and technicians for every 1000 people changed significantly,rising from about 42 in 1980 to nearly 70 in 1990 while o

47、nly a slight increase of about 5 scientists and technicians per 1000 people can be seen in developing countries.Spending on research and development in developing countries witnessed a drop,decreasing from 50 to about 30 billion US dollars by 1990 whereas that of the industrialized countries experie

48、nced an increase,rising from around 160 billion US dollars to nearly 350 billion US dollars in 1990.剑桥剑桥3-bar chart P163 考官范文考官范文The data shows the differences between developing and industrialized countries participation in education and science.In terms of the number of years of schooling received

49、,we see that the length of time people spend at school in industrialized countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 1980,compared to 2.5 years in developing countries.The gap was increased further in 1990 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively.We can see a similar pattern in

50、the second graph,which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialized countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1,000 people between 1980 and1990,while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20.Finally,the figures for spending on research and developm