介词 (2).doc

1、介词【考纲解读】介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等，在全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查，在短文改错题中，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思

2、和用法。【知识要点】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词必须与_,_,_构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份.一，介词可按构成分为：1，简单介词，即一个介词:atamongontobyoverbetweenintonearabovebeforeacrossnearbyonafterthroughinsidealongbehindthroughoutoutsidearounddownwithfromaboutsincewithouttowardsforinwithinbelowagainstoffbeyondexcept2. 双重介词，由两个简单介词组成：from behind the house _ fr

3、om beyond the mountain_from among you_ from under the tree_until after midnight_3. 短语介词，由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成的介词。在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词：according toregardless ofthanks toat the back ofby means ofowing toin place ofby way ofin spite ofat the top of along withon behalf of because of instead ofwith regard

4、 todue toin front ofin regard to(1). What idea can a man who is blind from birth have _ color?A. of B. with C. for D. to(2). A successful brand is _ a company what eyes are to a person.A. for B. to C. in D. with(3). Its quite _ me why such things have been allowed to happen. A. for B. behind C. agai

5、nst D. beyond(4). I can not concentrate _my work _ the noise aloud outside.A. on; with B. in; for C. on; because D. with; with(5). _ your advice, I would have made a big mistake.A. regardless of B. apart from C. except for D. but for二，介词可按意义分成方位介词：(6). The sunlight came in _ （穿过）the windows in the r

6、oof and lit up the whole room.(7). The bicycle is _ (不能) repair(8). He hit the head _ (撞在) the wall and hurt himself.(9). The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, _deserts, _ mountains, _ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.(10). The sun is _ the mountain in the east(11). Be careful, the

7、re is a heavy box _ your head.2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围_，on表示毗邻，接壤，to表示在某范围_。(12). Japan is/lies _ the east of China.(13). Beijing lies _ the north of China.3. between, among. “在中间/之间”。 一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的之间，在内部，其所在范围内的人或事物通常视为一个整体(14). The town lies _ the mountains.(15). The secr

8、et is only _ you and me.(16). He divided his money _ John, Helen and his nephew.(17). Switzerland lies _ France, Germany, Austria and Italy.4. in, on.均可表示“在上”，描写两个物体的接触情况on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 (18). We found a square hole _ the wallon侧重于表面接触，而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达方法，常用in或on。若打击某人的脸眼嘴胸腹等部位用in；而打

9、击头额鼻耳颈肩腿等部位用on。表示植物本身生长出来的用on the tree, 表示植物本身之外的人或动物在树上，用in the tree,指被枝叶遮掩其中。(19). There is a map of the world_ the wall(20). Birds are singing _ the tree.5. from, out offrom “从”,侧重起点。out of “从里出来”, 侧重从里向外。(21). The young student is _ Tibet (22). When listening to the news, a man rushed _ the room

10、.6. off, away均表示离开。from指从某个起点离开或行动从某个起点开始；off指离开或脱离某物(23). A button came _ my shirt.(24). The runners shot _the starting points时间介词1、at, in, on：At 表示时间点，时刻，也可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子In 表示在较长的一段时间内On表示具体的日子，特定的时间，或表示特定的早晨，下午，晚上_ six oclock _ midnight _ Christmas_ the 1980s _ October the first _ a rainy d

11、ay_the morning _ Sunday morning _ the beginning of March_ Childrens Day _ next year _ this night2、since, for, fromfor +时间段，表示“延续之久”，since+时间点，表示“自从以来”，即表示从过去某时延续至今，常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用，from+时间点，表示“从”,即表示行为或状态的起始点。(25)._ then on she knew she would win(26). I lost my money and I have been worried ever _ th

12、en.(27). The meeting lasted _ 3 hours yesterday.3、in, after：In表时间，常表示“在时间之内”，也表示“在时间之后”，但此时必须具备两个条件：1，所修饰的动词必须表将来；2，后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later(28). It will be finished _an hour(29). He returned _ a few days(30). They finished their lessons at four and a little while _they went out to take a

13、walk工具，手段，方式等其他类介词1，with, by, in均意为“用”，with多指用具体的工具或身体器官，in 指使用语言，原料，材料，by指用方法/方式. _ this/that way, _means of, _ this/that method(31). This form is to be filled _ ink(32). He made a living _ selling newspapers(33). The toy is not machine-made. It is made _ hand.2. by, in, on表示旅行的方式。by +单数名词，且名词前无冠词或

14、任何修饰词。in 和on+ 交通工具，名词前应有冠词，物主代词，指示代词等修饰词，_ taxi _ foot _ a horse _ this plane3、besides, except, but, except for：在一般情况下，but和except通用，表示“除之外（其他的都），后面的宾语是被排除在外的；besides表示”除之外，还有”, 后面的宾语是被包括在内的，等于in addition to；except for “除了”, 后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的.注意：except后还可以接从句；besides 还可以作副词，意思是“另外”(34). I know nothi

15、ng about the young lady _ that she is from Beijing(35). I dont mind picking up your things from the store._, the walk does me good(36). The car is nice _ the color(37). We all went to the park_ Tom. Tom was ill in hospital注意：but和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：前面有不定代词、疑问代词时，多用but。All but one are here.

16、后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to)；but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不，but for.要不是.4、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲

17、）。5. in 和of 表示比较范围二者均可引出一个可供比较的范围，适用于形容词和副词的最高级。in 表示限定在某个范围内的最高级，of表示同一类人或事物中的最高级。(38).The home improvement have taken what little there is _ my spare timeA. from B. in C. of D. at(39). John is the tallest _ the students _ his classA. of; in B. in; of C. on; by D. by; on【考点诠释】考点1 常见介词的活用by，with，aga

18、inst, for, of, beyond, over, in 是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：1over可表位置，意为“在上方，越过”，也可表时间，意为“在期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：We had a pleasant chat over a cup of teaWe heard it over the radio2by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于, 到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过方式；相差”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and large大体上 by oneself单独

19、by the way顺便说说 by far得多，最 by chance碰巧 by accident偶然地 by means of借助 by no means绝不，一点也不 by all means当然可以，一定 by mistake错误地The water in the river rose by two metersHe is an Englishman by birthWe have to be home by ten oclock.He succeeded by hard work.The one is shorter than the other by three inches The

20、 workers get paid by the month.3with可以用来表示“带有，具有，带着；伴随；和在一起；随着；因为” Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their family of three small children With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls He came downstairs with his coat over his arm It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows

21、 closed. The small girl trembled with fear4beyond表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边；(范围)超出之外，为所不及”They arrived beyond nine oclockThe book is beyond meTom is far beyond his elder brother in maths5. in, on 表示处于某种状态。on表示动态，正在从事某正活动或处于某种运动状态之中。in多用于静态状态。( ) business_ ( ) strike_ ( ) holiday_( ) trouble_ ( ) surpri

22、se_ ( ) high/low spirits_ ( ) watch_考点2 介词的固定搭配-1与名词搭配on the contrary_; out of reach_；within easy reach_; by the way_; access to _; key to_; response to _；effect(influence) on_; success in_; congratulations on_; interest in_; visit to_; desire for_; reason for_; in the habit of _; for the purpose of

23、 _; at a speed of _; opposite to_; at the end of _; in search of _; in/within sight of _; in face of _; in favor of _; on the point of _; to the point_; in the form of _; in the direction of _; in sight_; in place _; in vain_; in honor of _; on purpose_;2. 与动词的搭配 agree to_; agree with_; ask for_; ca

24、ll at_; call on_; care about_; care for_; hear about / of _; hear from_; stare at_; result in_; result from_; get over _;go over_; get through_; look into_; insist on/upon_; consist of _; search for_; deal with_; look over _; stand for_; shoot at_; run across /into_3与形容词的搭配：be curious about_；be prou

25、d of_；be popular with_; absent from_; cross about /at_; short of_; satisfied with_; tired of_; sure of/about_; rich in_; ready for_; patient with_; different in _; different from_; famous for_; bad for_; angry with sb_; angry about sth._; dependent on/upon_; friendly with/ to /towards_ 4介词短语：apart f

26、rom_；in addition to_; instead of_；for fear of_；in case (of)_ ；thanks to_；according to_；in front of_；in the front of _; in return for_；in charge of_; in the charge of _；as a result of_；in exchange for_; far from_; on (the) condition that_; regardless of _; as for/to _; as well as_; as long as_; after all_; in all_; in ones +基数词的复数_; other than_; rather than_; more than_; less than_介词的用法很繁杂，要在平时注意积累!