初三中考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意题解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)(DOC 6页).doc

1、 学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星 级教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private Conversation Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind m

2、e. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily.Its none of your business, the young man sa

3、id rudely. This is a private conversation!Questions:1. Tell me the title of this short passage?2. Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle：A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注：本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/m

4、ain idea之间的区别，以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title: An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟） I、选择最恰当的标题(to c

5、hoose the best title)想象一下，你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1. 概括文章的主要内容 （13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school. Classes began very early and ended when it was dark. Students didnt rest on the weekends. They had classes seven days a wee

6、k, so they didnt have much time for anything else. In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven. After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works. Music was very important, and physical training was a

7、lso important. Teachers used to hit students who didnt pay attention or were lazy. Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education. They had to study Greek and Latin. Student

8、s usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teachers house. Young students sat on the floor. Older students used to sit on benches, higher up. Thats how “high school” got its name.Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. Boys and girls used to attend school

9、, but they were kept in different classes. They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there werent any textbooks. The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family. There were two kinds of school

10、s: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragrap

11、h：The first paragraph: The second paragraph: The third paragraph:批注：答案：AThe first paragraph: What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the

12、ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍，但是所占篇幅比较少。本部分主要是教会学生从总结文章各段主要内容方面，去选择最适合的标题，标题一定是能概括文章大意，不是只说明某一段的内容的，比如例题中的D选项，只说明了第三段的内容。如果学生觉得选项难以取舍，也可让学生对比各部分内容的篇幅来决定。 2. 对于文章想表达寓意的升华 （杨浦13年一模）Daniel Olin was 11 years old when his parents moved to Canada. He liked his new school and made friends there, but t

13、hen things at home started to change. His mum and dad began to argue and the arguments got worse and worse until one day, Daniels mum left. With his father working long hours, Daniel felt very lonely and very unhappy. He wanted to escape, to run away. And thats what he did. Very early one terribly c

14、old morning when the snow was deep on the ground, he packed a bag with some clothes, some chocolate and a map of Canada and set off to a forest. He ran and ran until he could hardly breathe. His feet were heavy with the snow but he still walked on through deep snow, not even watching where he was go

15、ing. Then, disaster struck. A rock hidden by the deep snow caught his feet and Daniel fell to the ground. He had broken the bone. He was very cold and was starting to feel tired, but he knew that if he fell asleep in the snow, he would certainly die from the cold. A tree shook ahead. From within the

16、 branches (树枝), a pair of yellow eyes watched Daniel. The puma had been following him. A puma is a large wild cat with claws that could tear Daniel into pieces. But instead of moving in for the kill, the puma walked up to Daniel and lay across his chest, arms and legs. Daniel was too frightened to m

17、ove, but soon the warmth of the animal reached Daniel and he began to feel better. From time to time, the puma pressed his muzzle (口鼻) against Daniel and rocked his head gently. Clearly, the puma knew that Daniel must not fall asleep. This animal should have been a real danger to Daniel and yet the

18、boy began to feel safe. They remained like that for several hours until Daniel and the puma heard voices. The rescue (援救) team had found them.79. What is the best title for the story?A) Puma in danger B) A caring puma C) Rescue of a boyD) A homeless boy假设法：如果拿到任意一个标题，你会怎么写呢？A：B：C：D：批注：很多学生会误选 C，可是让学

19、生去假设，如果他接到一个标题是rescue of a boy的文章会怎么写呢？一定写的是怎么样去营救，最后男孩如何获救的过程。而本篇文章目的是为了要读者去体会到寓意，是人与动物之间的感情，动物对人的关怀，所以在选标题时，要注意，如果没有合乎文章内容概括的选项，我们就要注意体会文章所表达的寓意，再去选择正确的答案。本题答案B II、从文章中可知（Whats the main idea of the passage?）（13年嘉定一模）Shopping used to mean actually going to shops, but nowadays, you can shop without

20、even leaving your house. Just sit in front of your computer, click your mouse and your things will be sent to your house in a couple of days.November 11th is a big day for people who like shopping online. On that day last year, many online stores offered a big discount and free delivery service. The

21、 biggest online shopping sites in China, T. and T., sold things worth 19.1 billion yuan in total.“Goods online are often much cheaper. It also saves me a lot of time. And we often have more goods on many online stores than in shopping malls,” Wang Xin, an online shopping lover in Beijing, said to Ch

22、ina Daily. She stayed up very late for a lot of cheap goods online. She spent several thousand on what she bought that day.Another big advantage of online shopping is that it helps people get things from different cities, even different countries, with ease (轻松地). “I like eating duck neck very much

23、and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan. Its much more delicious than what our local (当地的) stores sell, but cheaper,” said Zang Xin, a girl in Yangzhou.While enjoying online shopping, many people also have worries, especially for middle school student buyers. Young students are easily attra

24、cted by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they dont need.“Middle school students should pay more attention to their study. Searching for things wastes their time,” said Jing Chunling, an education expert. “In addition, online shop owners have no idea of the ages of their buyers. Anyone c

25、an easily buy things that they want to. Some of goods are even bad for young students such as cigarettes and wine.”79. The article is mainly about _.A. how to buy good products online. B. how to find good online stores.C. advantages and disadvantages of online shopping. D. dangers of shopping online

26、 for students.批注：和选title不同的是，相对于title的短小精炼来说，main idea通常是一个句子， 如果出现the article is mainly about_问的内容一定是文章中已经交待过的，而且能够概括文章主要内容的选项，不能选某一段的内容，或者寓意升华的内容。答案：C（建议5-10分钟）Andrew Engel was puzzled. He was sitting in class, but had no idea what the other students were talking about. He had done his homework, p

27、aid attention to lectures, and taken notes, but nothing was familiar. “Everyone is so much cleverer than I am,” he thought. It was a strange feeling, as he was always a good student in high school.He felt even more puzzled a few days later. He got lost on his way to his favourite cinema. Whats worse

28、, he began having trouble finding the right words when speaking. He asked, “Whats for dinner, Mom?” after he had just eaten. Poor Andrew, he was only 15!His parents were worried and took Andrew to see a doctor. A brain scan (扫描) made it clear: Andrew had a malignant brain tumor (恶性脑肿瘤). It was press

29、ing on the part of the brain that makes new memory. He should be operated on as soon as possible. Andrew was scared!Doctors removed the tumor, but Andrews memory was still poor. He was told he would probably never go back to school. Andrew was eager to enter a university, but it seemed that his drea

30、m wouldnt come true. “Even though they told me this, I knew I wanted to go back to school,” Andrew said. “I wanted to get my memory back.”Andrew began by auditing (旁听) an English class at a nearby school. In class, he took notes carefully and read his notes several times a day, then typed them again

31、 and again. He studied twelve hours a day, seven days a week. He worked ten times harder than other students. In 2007, at age 29, he graduated from a local university. Six months later, Andrew found a job. 79. Which of the following is the best title of the article?A) A man with an amazing brain B)

32、An unusual story of memory lost and foundC) How to improve your memory D) Never lose your memoryDo you have a mobile phone? Do you send text messages to your friends and family? Text messaging or texting is becoming very popular. But, scientists have discovered that texting can give us problems with

33、 our hands. Be careful! Too much texting can cause swelling (肿胀) in our thumbs and wrists. Our thumbs are not made for pushing small buttons, over and over. Scientists call this problem RSI.We spoke to a doctor called Harriet Wilson, who treats many patients with RSI. She said we needed to see how m

34、uch time we were spending in typing text messages. If we are spending more than 10-15 minutes at once, we could have problems in the future.We also talked with Dr Harjeet Deepa who treats RSI patients. He told us that the youngest patient she had treated was a five-year-old girl. She wasnt doing wel

35、l at school, so her parents took her for treatment. It was found that she had such bad RSI in her hands, she couldnt hold a pencil.As mobile phones develop, they are getting smaller with buttons closer together. Texting with a smaller phone is worse than using a larger phone with bigger buttons. Usi

36、ng a computer keyboard and playing video games can also cause the same problem. So, more and more people could find themselves with RSI.Many university students and teenagers have RSI, as they do not know the risks (冒险) of spending so much time using computers, video games and mobile phones. If we d

37、ont do something about this, too many young people could grow up in terrible pain.79. From the passage we know _.A) it is better to use a larger phone with bigger buttons B) it is worse to spend less time typing the text messages C) using the computer keyboard will never cause the problem RSID) univ

38、ersity students who have RSI know its dangerous to do too much texting.Keys: B Ascore:_ （2小题，共4分）（建议2-5分钟）批注：本部分主要让学生审核自己在做主旨题时的思路是否正确，对于方法运用上否得当回顾：主旨题的出题方式：title/main idea/等 主旨题的解题方法：选标题：（1）概括每段文章内容从而确定文章主旨大意，确定标题 （2）文章所要表现的寓意 文章主旨大意的概括：比标题内容信息量要大一些，可能是一个完整的句子 Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面 Step 2. 错题回顾6