（外研版必修四）Module-4-Great-Scientists-(语法和阅读)教案剖析.doc

1、【外研版必修四】Module 4 Great Scientists（单词和词组）适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域全国使用外研版的地区课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点一般现在时的被动语态一般过去式的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态将来完成时的被动语态过去将来完成时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态现在完成进行时的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态主动形式表示被动意义不用被动语态的情况教学目标1、掌握各个时态相对应的被动语态的形式。2、掌握主动表示被动的情况。教学重点1、掌握各个时态相对应的被动语态的形式。2、掌握主动表示被

2、动的情况。教学难点各个时态以及各个时态的相应的被动语态的形式的辨认。二、知识讲解知识点1： 复习被动语态(1)各种时态的被动语态的构成一般时态过去时态完成时态现在Am/is/are+过去分词Am/is/are+being+过去分词Have/has+been+过去分词过去Was/were +过去分词Was/were +being+过去分词had+been+过去分词将来Shall/will+be+过去分词Shall/will+have been+过去分词过去将来Should/would+be+过去分词 Should/would+have been+过去分词例句：English is taught

3、in most schools in China.中国大多数学校都教英语。(一般现在时)They were given a warm sendoff.他们受到热烈的欢送。(一般过去时)Im afraid I am being followed.恐怕我被人跟踪了。(现在进行时)The case has recently been tried.案子最近已经审过了。(现在完成时)Their wedding will be held in the church.他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。(一般将来时)All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived

4、.他们到达时，所有的票已经售完了。(过去完成时)(2)使用被动语态时值得注意的几个问题表示某处有某人或某物的there be结构、主系表结构及不及物动词充当句子的谓语动词时，不能变被动语态。例句：We study hard.我们努力学习。动词have不论表示“有”，还是表示其他动作，虽是及物动词，用于主动语态时可以带宾语，但不可变为被动语态。例句：We have three meals a day.我们一天吃三餐。 有些及物动词表示某种情况或状态，而不表示动作，如become，comprise，contain，equal，fit，hold，join，lack，mean，resemble，sui

5、t等。与此相似的look like，consist of，become of，belong to等不可变为被动语态。例句：I think itll fit me quite well before long.我想它很快就会适合我。短语动词的被动语态：有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，所以也有被动语态。短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。例句：That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be动词的过去分词。例句：The plan ought to be put into

6、 practice as soon as possible.计划必须尽快执行。带双宾语的动词的被动语态：由其中一个宾语作主语，常为表示人的间接宾语。例句：He was given some books.Some books were given (to) him.有人给了他一些书。带宾语补足语的动词的被动语态：由宾语作主语，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例句：We elected him our monitor.我们选他当我们的班长。He was elected our monitor by us.他被我们选为班长。不定式的被动语态主动句中的宾语如果是不带to的不定式，在变成被动句中的主语补

7、足语时，to不能省去。例句：She heard him sing a song just now.He was heard to sing a song just now.她听到他刚才唱了一首歌。被动语态和“连系动词be表语(过去分词)”的区别被动语态表示动作，而“连系动词be表语(过去分词)”表示状态。例句：The door was locked by the monitor.门是班长锁的。(被动语态)The door was locked.门锁着。(连系动词表语)知识点2：byv.ing形式by 表示行为的主语，表示方法、手段或所用的工具，后面接动名词作宾语，构成byv.ing的形式。表示

8、以某种方式来实现某种目标。例句：He makes a living by begging from door to door.他靠挨家挨户乞讨为生。拓展：不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不带冠词，如by sea，by water，by land，by rail，by air等。涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词须用单数，其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语，如by bike，by taxi等。by与the连用，表示时间或度量单位。例如：rent a car by the day (the week/the month)按日(周、月)租用汽车sell sth.by the dozen (the yar

9、d)成打(码)卖pay sb.by the day/hour.按天/小时付款给某人by weight按重量计算表示程度或数量例如：lose the match by one goal以一分之差输掉了比赛表示尺寸例句：This room is forty feet by twenty.这个房间长40英尺，宽20英尺。三、例题精析【例题1】Many new opportunities and challenges _ in the future for those with a university education.Aare open Bhave been openedCare open up

10、 Dwill be opened up【答案】：D【解析】：句意为：对那些受过高等教育的人来说，将来新的机会和挑战是很多的。这是“动词副词”结构，根据句意，应该用将来时的被动语态，故选D。【例题2】Thirty percent of Janes income _ on clothing every year.Ais spent Bhad been spentCis being spent Dhas been spent【答案】：A【解析】：句意为：简每年收入的百分之三十都花在衣服上。Janes income与spend之间是被动关系；注意时间状语every year，所以用一般现在时的被动语态

11、。【例题3】If Newton lived today，he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology.Ahad discovered Bhad been discoveredChas discovered Dhas been discovered【答案】：D【解析】：考查时态和语态。句意为：如果牛顿今天还活着，他一定会对现在科学技术领域的新发现大吃一惊的。表示“迄今为止”的发现，应用现在完成时。又discover与what之间为被动关系，故选D。【例题4】He had planned to go there _ 9：00 a

12、m.，but the train is _ time.Aon；onBby；behindCby；onDon；ahead【答案】：B【解析】：by置于具体时间前面，是“不迟于，在之前”的意思；behind time“延迟，迟到”，是固定短语。【例题5】Only by _ science and technology can we make our country stronger.Arely onBrelying onCdepend onDdepending【答案】：B【解析】：byv.ing表示“以某种方式”，故排除A、C项；D项若depending后加上on也正确。rely on“依靠，依赖”

13、，符合题意。四、课堂运用【基础】1、 The violin will have to be tuned before it _. A. is played B. should play C. plays D. is being played2、 By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks. A. had stayed B. shall stay C. will have stayed D. have been staying 3、All the preparations for the task _, and w

14、ere ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4、 I thought I _ the door, but it is still open A, had closed B, was closing C, have closed D, would close【巩固】5、You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B are always watching C have a

15、lways watched D have always been watching6、 -Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ an important visitor from the UK in my office. A expected B had been expecting C was expecting D. had expected7、I have no idea what _ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. happened【拔高】8,

16、 -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. have been painting 9. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet10. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. - You _ something. A. have left B

17、. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 答案及解析1.答案：A. 主句将来式从句现在式，被动，2.答案：C. by the time you arrive 你到达的时候（时间为止），表达到将来某时刻为止；主句里”for two weeks”已两周的时间状语，正好符合“将来完成表示的”到将来某时刻就已经之意。3.答案：D.用被动语，排除A,B 项。C项是过去完成时表示过去的过去，而本句的意思是“现已准备好，马上就要开始。”4.答案：A. 此题close（关闭）发生在thought 之前，用过去完成时, 表示发生在过去的过去5.答案：B

18、. 有时现在进行时可以表示对人或事不满、责备或赞扬。6.答案：C. 没参加会的那段时间，我在等人；用过去进行时。 A项表示“等过”;B项表示“一直等到开会时”; D项表示“开会之前等待过7.答案：D.本句的关键点是: while I was asleep 表示的是过去的时间只能用过去时。A项现在完成时不能与准确的过去时间连用。C项过去完成时表示过去的过去与题意不符。B项的错误在于happen不能用被动语态。8.答案：A. 从上下文的意思来看，没有搬家的原因是“房子正在被粉刷”。因此用现在进行时的被动语态。B,D项都是主动语态与题意不符；C项的时态为一般现在时表示经常和习惯动作,也与题意不符9.

19、答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。 再 次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。10.答案B。进行时态与always, all the time等连用，表示习惯性行为，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。此处可理解为“你总是丢三落四课后作业【基础】1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB. is getting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met

20、 byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 【巩固】5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invited

21、B . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 【拔高】8.The sports meeting_ .A . is put offB . is to put off C . is to be put off

22、 D . puts off 9.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun of B. was made fun C . was being made fun of D .was being made fun10.The house_my parents A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 答案及解析答案：现在进行时的被动语态，表示我们的房子正在粉刷答案：一般过去时的被动语态。答案：break out 这个短语是没有被动时态的。4. 答案：C 一般将来时的被动，表示在练习册上的错误将会被老师勾画出来。5.答案：D 现在完成时的被动。6.答案：C 情态动词have to的被动形式是have to be done。7.答案：B 情态动词used to do表示过去常常做某事，现在不再这么做了，它的被动形式是used to be done。8.答案：C be to do 的被动语态是be to be put off，表示运动会将会被推迟。9.答案：C 过去进行时的被动语态形式。10.答案：C belong to 是属于的意思，它没有被动语态，只能用主动的形式。