2019届高考英语一轮复习语言知识运用训练(一).doc

1、语言知识运用（一）完形填空Mr. Swales was talking about what people do all day. He also wanted to find out what his students wanted to be when they _1_. He called on Billy Mitzer first.“My daddy works in a bank，” Billy Mitzer said. “I guess I want to work in a bank too. Theres lots of _2_ in the bank.”“My parents

2、 have a grocery store，” Emmy Disalvo said. “Papas behind the _3_ and Mama keeps the cash register. But I want to be an airline pilot.”Jodie liked it when Mr Swales asked them _4_ like this. He was about to call on Jodie _5_ the girls in the back row burst out _6_Shirley Danes shouted, “Jodies Daddy

3、is a _7_！ Peeyoo! ”Everybody in the class laughed out loud. Everybody except Jodie, that is. She felt her face turn bright _8_. She looked around the whole _9_. Everyone was laughing. Some kids were _10_ holding their noses.Jodie looked at Mr. Swales. He was _11_. He almost never raised his voice, b

4、ut now he did.“Silence! I want everybody quiet this instant.”The laughter stopped _12_. The sound of cars and people going by out on the street came _13_ the windows. “You should be _14_ of yourselves，” Mr Swales said. “Being a garbageman is a(n) _15_ and very useful job. We should all be _16_ to Mr

5、. Harris.”“Garbage is a serious matter. I think you all owe Jodie a(n) _17_” Mr. Swales went on. “And after that, youre all going to write Jodies father, Mr Harris, a nice _18_ to tell him how much you appreciate what he does for all of us.”Mr. Swales came to Jodies desk and _19_ her on the shoulder

6、. “Im sorry this happened，” he said. “But remember, hard work done well is something to be _20_ of. Theres nothing wrong with being a garbageman, absolutely not.”1. A. brought up B. got upC. made up D. grew up2. A. information B. moneyC. equipment D. business3. A. counter B. shelfC. door D. goods 4.

7、 A. chances B. problemsC. questions D. suggestions5. A. while B. whenC. before D. because6. A. complaining B. talkingC. laughing D. quarrelling 7. A. garbageman B. driverC. salesman D. doctor8. A. blue B. whiteC. yellow D. red9. A. hospital B. classroomC. school D. market10. A. even B. everC. still

8、D. just11. A. curious B. anxiousC. friendly D. angry12. A. carefully B. slowlyC. immediately D. completely13. A. across B. fromC. through D. under14. A. excited B. ashamedC. worried D. disappointed15. A. difficult B. dangerousC. strange D. easy16. A. polite B. similarC. grateful D. familiar17. A. re

9、quirement B. apologyC. promise D. explanation18. A. report B. articleC. note D. letter19. A. patted B. touchedC. struck D. attacked20. A. tired B. awareC. afraid D. proud答案与解析【文章大意】本文主要讲述了Swales先生想知道他的学生长大后想做什么工作，于是他就开始提问大家。有人想做银行家，有人想做宇航员。当问到Jodie时，同学们哄堂大笑，因为她的爸爸是一名垃圾工。Swales先生严肃地批评了嘲笑的学生，并教导他们垃圾工很

10、辛苦，应该受到大家的尊敬和感谢。1. 答案D解析学生们将来要做什么工作，是他们长大后发生的事情。bring up“养育； 提出”；get up“起床；起身”；make up“化妆；编造”；grow up“长大”。故答案选D项。2. 答案B解析根据常识可知，银行里有很多钱，因此答案选B项。3. 答案A解析根据上文语境，父母开了一家杂货店。父亲站在 _ 后，母亲管理收银机。本题可采用排除法解题。将四个选项分别代入空格中可知，父亲在柜台后符合句意。其他三项排除。4. 答案C解析根据上文可知，Swales先生是在问学生们长大后想做什么工作这一问题，再根据asked可知，本题答案是questions。5

11、. 答案B解析be about to do sth. when .为固定句式，意为“正准备做某事，这时”。故选B项。6. 答案C解析根据下文中的“Everybody in the class laughed out loud.”以及文章后半部分内容可知，同学们是因为知道Jodie的爸爸是个垃圾工而嘲笑她。complain“抱怨”；quarrel“争吵”。7. 答案A解析根据下文Swales先生说的话“Being a garbageman”可知，此处是说Jodie的爸爸是个垃圾工。8. 答案D解析根据常识可知，害羞的时候脸会变红。因此答案选D项。9. 答案B解析本文的故事是发生在教室里，因此，这

12、里是指Jodie环顾了教室一圈，看到所有同学都在笑。10. 答案A解析上句意思为“大家每个人都在笑”，本句讲到有些孩子还捏住了鼻子，在语意上是递进关系。even“甚至”，符合句意。ever“曾经”；still“仍然”；just“仅仅”。11. 答案D解析根据下文“He almost never raised his voice, but now he did.”可知， Swales先生突然提高了说话的嗓门，且根据他说话的内容可知，Swales先生生气了。12. 答案C解析Swales先生生气了，要求大家安静，所以学生们的笑声很快停止了。carefully“小心地”；slowly“缓慢地”；im

13、mediately“马上”；completely“完全地”。 C项符合句意。13. 答案C解析句意：外面大街上汽车和人流经过的声音穿过窗户(传进来)。across是指从物体的表面上掠过；from指“来自于”； through指从立体空间中穿过；under“在下方”。故答案选C项。14. 答案B解析根据上下文语境可知，垃圾工是很辛苦又很重要的工作，我们应该心怀感激，因此学生们的嘲笑是不应该的，是应感到羞愧的。15. 答案A解析根据常识及下文中“Garbage is a serious matter.”及“hard work done well .”可知，做垃圾工很辛苦。其他三项不符合句意。16.

14、 答案C解析由上文老师说的话，垃圾工很辛苦又很重要可知，同学们要对Harris先生心存感激。17. 答案B解析由上下文可知，Jodie的爸爸是垃圾工，同学们都嘲笑她，这是不对的，因此应该向Jodie道歉。requirement“要求”； apology“道歉”； promise“承诺”； explanation“解释”。18. 答案D解析根据语境可知，这里表示让学生们每人给Harris先生写封信，以表达对他的欣赏和感激。report“报道”；article“文章”；note“笔记”；letter“信件”。故D项符合句意。19. 答案A解析pat sb. on the shoulder“拍某人的

15、肩膀”，为固定用法，且此处为拍拍肩膀以示安慰的意思，因此答案选A项。20. 答案D解析任何难做的事情做好了都应该为之骄傲。be proud of“对感到骄傲”，符合语境。be tired of“厌倦了”；be aware of“知道；意识到”；be afraid of“对害怕”。完形填空Sixyearold Matthew Parker was in need of a kidney (肾) transplant，and his family looked all over the country for a suitable donor.Up to 80 people signed up t

16、o _1_ a living organ to the firstgrader.Coincidentally，the person chosen to donate a kidney to Matthew was his _2_，Lindesy Painter.Matthew had been on the transplant machine for a _3_ time and developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys，so it was _4_ to find a match for him.The doctor had _5_ the fami

17、ly to be“realistic”and used the term“needle in a haystack”several times.When _6_ were asked to be tested，Painter was the first one to sign up._7_ the teacher learned the results，she had to get several _8_ done.She was _9_ when she got a call back saying she was a“_10_ match”Painter didnt make the _1

18、1_ lightly.She knew that Matthew needs a kidney，and she had pity _12_ anyone going through this.It was especially difficult for her to _13_ the condition _14_ one of her two sons.“I watch my healthy，_15_，loud，wild children running around，”she said.“Matthew deserves to _16_ a normal，healthy，active li

19、fe like my boys.”Matthew was so excited to _17_ that his teacher would be donating a kidney to him that he hugged her.His mother was _18_ grateful to Lindsey Painter，saying her sons donor was a“selfless”and“giving person”for _19_ her son.The _20_ for the kidney donation took place in the following m

20、onth.Matthews mother said，“My sons new kidney means a special bond between student and teacher that goes far beyond the classroom.”1A.give up Bgive offCgive in Dgive down2A.mother BdeskmateCfriend Dteacher3A.long BshortClimited Dgood4A.easy BdifficultCconvenient Dquick5A.accused BstoppedCwarned Dbla

21、med6A.students BdoctorsCnurses Dvolunteers7A.After BBeforeCWhen DUntil8A.tests BpreparationsClessons Dworries9A.frightened BpleasedCastonished Dannoyed10A.eager BrareCcommon Dperfect11A.progress BpracticeCmistake Ddecision12A.for BonCto Din13A.imagine BpretendCsupport Dwaste14A.threatening Boccurrin

22、gCaffecting Dinforming15A.passive BactiveCtiring Dboring16A.suffer BsurviveCbear Dlive17A.feel BlearnCwonder Dsuppose18A.deeply BcrazilyCnoisily Dquietly19A.sharing BbeatingCsaving Ddiscovering20A.operations BpackagesCstories Dstruggles【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Matthew Parker需要合适的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是，在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中

23、，Matthew Parker的老师是最佳人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。1A考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“in need of a kidney(肾) transplant”可知，Matthew Parker需要做肾脏移植手术，因此这里指有80个人愿意捐肾。give up意为“放弃，让与”，在此处指“捐出”，符合语境。故选A。2D考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“his teacher would be donating a kidney to him”可知，被选定捐肾的人是Matthew Parker的老师。故选D。3A考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“develope

24、d antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys”以及下文医生的警告可知，Matthew Parker已经等了很长时间了。long意为“长的”，符合语境。故选A。4B考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“The doctor had _ the family to berealistic and used the termneedle in a haystack several times.”可知，很难找到合适的肾源。difficult意为“困难的”，符合语境。故选B。5C考查动词辨析。根据医生所说的内容可知，医生是在警告和提醒他们。warn意为“提醒，警告”，符合语境。故选C。6D考

25、查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“Up to 80 people signed up to _ a living organ to the firstgrader.”可知，此处指这些志愿者被要求做配型试验。volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语境。故选D。7B考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指老师在得知配型试验的结果之前。before意为“在之前”，符合语境。故选B。8A考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“When _ were asked to be tested”可知，老师在得知结果之前，已经做了几次配型试验。test意为“试验”，符合语境。故选A。9C考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，老师之前

26、做过配型试验，但都没有成功，因此当得知这次配型成功时，老师应该会很惊讶。astonished意为“感到惊讶的”，符合语境。故选C。10D考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，做配型试验是为了找到最合适的肾源。perfect意为“最佳的，合适的”，符合语境。故选D。11D考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，Painter并不是轻率地就做了这个决定。make decision意为“做决定”，符合语境。故选D。12B考查固定搭配。have pity on. 是固定搭配，意为“同情”。故选B。13A考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指Painter很难想象自己的两个儿子也碰到类似的状况，因为她的孩子并没有患病。imag

27、ine意为“想象，假设”，符合语境。故选A。14C考查动词辨析。此处指Painter很难想象这种状况会影响自己的儿子。affect意为“影响”，符合语境。故选C。15B考查形容词辨析。空格处和“healthy”并列，应为褒义词。active意为“活跃的，充满活力的”，符合语境。故选B。16D考查动词辨析。live a. life是固定搭配，意为“过着的生活”。故选D。17B考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当Matthew得知是自己的老师要给他捐肾时，他非常激动。learn意为“获悉，得知”，符合语境。故选B。18A考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，Matthew的母亲非常感激Painter老师。deep

28、ly意为“很，非常”，表示程度。故选A。19C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，Painter老师捐出自己的肾脏，挽救了Matthew的生命。save意为“挽救”。符合语境。故选C。20A考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在接下来的这个月，Matthew要做肾脏移植手术。operation意为“手术”，符合语境。故选A。语法填空(2019福建莆田期中)Most Americans dont like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice,

29、they _1_(rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of _2_ write letters to newspapers and magazines _3_ give advice on many different subjects _4_(include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers regularly

30、print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who _5_(suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or _6_(educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. _7_ they have no special train

31、ing for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable advice because they are rich _8_ life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people _9_(turn) to strangers for help and why the two women were wellreceived. Most people interviewed in _10_

32、survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the women was practical and effective.答案与解析1. 答案rarely解析考查副词。空格处应用副词修饰动词“go”，故用rarely。2. 答案them解析考查代词。空格处指代上文的“Most Americans”。故用them。3. 答案which/that解析考查定语从句。本句中先行词是“newspapers and magazines”，指物，且在从句中作主语。故用which/that引导定语从句。4.

33、答案including解析考查介词。空格后面是名词，所以这里应填介词，include的介词形式是including, 意为“包括”。5. 答案are supposed解析考查固定短语。be supposed to do是固定短语，意为“应该做，应当做”，符合语境。因为主语是“people”，故用are supposed。6. 答案educators解析考查名词。or是并列连词，前面是名词“lawyers”，所以后面也应该是名词的复数形式。故用educators。7. 答案Although/Though/While解析考查连词。句意：尽管她们在这类工作方面没有接受过专门的培训，但是她们能给读者合

34、适的建议根据句意可知，前后句之间为让步关系。故用Although/Though/While。8. 答案in解析考查固定短语。be rich in是固定短语，意为“在方面丰富的”。根据语境可知，因为他们有丰富的人生经验，并且擅长和别人交流。故用in。9. 答案turned解析考查动词的时态。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故用turned。10. 答案the解析考查冠词。上文提到过这次调查，所以这里表示特指。故用the。语法填空(2019绵阳市高中第一次诊断)For Nigel Portman，a love of travelling began with wha

35、ts called a “gap year”In common with many other British teenagers，he chose _1_(take)a year out before settling down to study for his degree.After doing various _2_(job)to raise some money，he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures，visiting America and Asia.The more adventurou

36、s the young person，the _3_(great)the challenge they are likely to set _4_(them)for the gap year，and for some，like Nigel，it can result in a thirst for adventure.Now that his university course _5_(come)to an end，Nigel is just about to leave on a threeyear trip that will take him right around the world

37、.Whats more，he plans to make the whole journey _6_(use)only means of transport which are powered by natural energy.In other words，hell be relying _7_(main)on bicycles and his own legs；and when theres an ocean to cross，he wont be taking a shortcut(捷径) _8_ flying aboardhell be joining the crew of a sa

38、iling ship，instead.As well as doing some mountain climbing along _9_ way，Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message _10_ lies behind the whole idea.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一个大学生利用“间隔年”去旅行，以实际行动倡议环保的故事。1to take考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。2jobs考查名词复数。job是可数名词，且根

39、据其前的定语various可知，此处应用复数形式，表示“各种工作”。3greater考查形容词比较级。根据固定句型the more.，the more.“越越”可知，此处用形容词比较级。4themselves考查代词。喜欢冒险的年轻人很可能给他们自己设置更大的间隔年挑战。此处与they呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。5has come考查动词时态。now that是连词，引导状语从句，意为“既然”，由此可知事情已经发生，应用完成时，且与语境中的is呼应，故用现在完成时。6using考查非谓语动词。动词use和主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。7mainly考查副词。副词修

40、饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词mainly修饰谓语动词。8by/through考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“以方式/方法”，与上文中的“only means of transport”呼应，故用介词by/through。9the考查冠词。along the way为固定搭配，意为“在过程中”，符合语境，故用定冠词。10that/which考查定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the environmental message。短文改错(2019宁夏银川)When I was seven years old and my s

41、ister were only four, our father was killed in an automobile accident just two week after his twentyseventh birthday. Mom was heartbreaking. Although we were really so young to understand what was going on, but I knew life would never be quite the same. We had a nice home, plenty of that we needed,

42、but we miss our father. About every evening we would go to our grandparents house for visit. My grandmother had begun working part time at Kentucky Fried Chicken. His boss was a nice young man named Charles which got to know my mother and fell in love with her later.答案与解析1. 答案werewas解析考查主谓一致。主语my si

43、ster是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式was。2. 答案weekweeks解析考查名词复数。week是可数名词，其前有数词two修饰时要用复数形式。3. 答案heartbreakingheartbroken解析考查形容词。heartbreaking意为“令人心碎的；伤心的”，heartbroken意为“(人) 悲伤的，心碎的”，此处要用后者。4. 答案sotoo解析考查固定句型。too . to .句型为“too形容词或副词to do .”意为“太而不能”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。5. 答案去掉but解析考查连词。在英语中，两个分句要用连词连接，在已经有although连接句子

44、的情况下，but是多余的，要去掉。6. 答案thatwhat解析考查连接代词。need是及物动词，用what作其宾语，同时引导宾语从句。7. 答案missmissed解析考查动词时态。此处讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时态。8. 答案在visit之前加a解析考查冠词。visit是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指。9. 答案HisHer解析考查代词。her指代前文提到的my grandmother。10. 答案whichwho解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词Charles在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019潍坊市高考模拟考试)Dear Sir/Madam，I have received the sneakers that I buy from your online shop.With the excitem