《跨文化交际》期末复习应考指南.doc

1、跨文化交际期末复习应考指南 第一部份 课程考核说明一、复习应考基本要求本学科是由中央电大开设的英语本科专业的一门必修课，开课一期，学完考试及格记4.5学分。本门课程所有与考试相关的要求均由中央电大制定，复习时请以中央电大下发的有关资料及中央电大教学平台上所挂内容为准。1. 考核目的目的在于考查学生通过对本门课程的学习，运用英语进行跨文化交际的能力。要求学生能够掌握适应不同场合和交际目的的口头和书面交际的技能，能够介绍我国国情和文化，讨论有关交际的问题。能够在阅读时获得整体交际信息或把握主要内容及一些细节。2. 考核方式本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和期末考试。课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考

2、核占20%，课程期末考试占80%。（1）形成性考核：包括平时作业、参与面授辅导和各项教学活动的情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况，占课程总成绩的20%。（2）期末考试包括口试和笔试两部分。口试满分100分，占课程总成绩的15%； 笔试包括单项选择，阅读理解和案例分析，满分也为100分，占课程总成绩的65%。3适用教材考试命题的教材为顾曰国主编，外语教学与研究出版社2000年9月第2版跨文化交际教材。4. 命题依据本课程的命题依据是跨文化交际课程的教学大纲、教材、实施意见。5. 考试要求本课程的期末考试以考查读写技能为主，听说技能为辅，适当包括课程中介绍的语言和文化知识。6. 笔试试题结构题

3、型考点题量分值单项选择恰当运用蕴含中西文化因素的语言的能力1530阅读理解简答有关跨文化交际内容的阅读材料的理解和综合判断能力515正误判断515交际案例分析综合运用所学的跨文化交际知识，分析并解决一些实际交际问题的能力340二、复习应考资料及其使用本学科本次考试有下列3种资料，可供学员复习应考用。（一）中央电大下发的形成性考核作业册的4次作业。形成性考核作业册是由中央电大的责任教师重新编写的，与考试题型相同，难度基本一致，对本期期末考试有较强的指导性，所以一定要认真用好。形成性考核作业老师均作过评讲，请按老师平时所评讲的要求掌握。（二）在线自测题。在线自测题的内容由市电大课程责任老师设置，并

4、且给出了相应的解析，这四套自测题既是对平时作业的补充，同时也是对考试内容的补充和强调，请各位学员一定要引起重视。（三） 中央电大下发的复习小册子根据以往考试来看,中央电大下发的复习小册子对必修课程的应试有一定的指向性,所以对大家的复习应考应该是很重要的,请大家一定认真用好这本小册子。三、复习考试重点辅导根据中央电大期末复习指导意见，结合我校学员情况，对本期复习应考重点作如下分析辅导。Unit 1 Language and Culture in Communication本单元共有5个 “Activity”，21个 “Task”，及一个 “Warm-up Activity”，要求学生能通过自己的

5、分析判断，领会到“交际”在生活中的作用。重点掌握: 1. 交际的5个种类（教材第11页）human communication; 人与人的交际animal communication; 动物之间的交际human-animal communication; 人与动物的交际human-machine communication; 人物交际machine-to-machine communication物物交际2.交际的基本模式（教材第14页）同文化交际（mono-cultural language communication）；跨文化交际（cross-cultural language commu

6、nication）。3.各种交际方式中的“意思”的传达（教材第22页）：utterance meaning 字面意思speakers meaning 说话人本身的意思hearers meaning听者理解的意思Unit 2 Culture Shock本单元共有6个“Activity”, 32个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元以就餐时中外人士在行为方式方面的不同为例，介绍了英语国家人士在看待中国人表达“友好、好客”时会造成的误解和尴尬。并且从中国学生的角度，介绍了英语国家人士在表达礼貌和友好时与中国人的不同。介绍了在与西方人交往时应注意避免的“隐私”和“禁忌”。对I

7、ndividualism 和 Collectivism 这两种文化态形态进行了理论分析。介绍了在存在文化差异的情况下应进行的认识上的调整。介绍了不同文化之间存在着远近不同的social distance，以及其对语言学习和文化理解影响。重点掌握: 1. 与西方人交往时应注意避免的“隐私”和“禁忌” （教材第5466页）1. Individualism 和 Collectivism两种文化形态的区别（教材第72-75页）Unit 3Whats in a Name? 本单元共有5个“Activity”, 22个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元介绍了中外姓名的不同形式。

8、名字不仅仅是一个符号，它含有很多文化信息。本单元介绍了西方姓名的来历和文化内涵，介绍了中西方在称呼头衔的异同，以及在运用表示亲属关系的称呼时中西方的异同。最后还介绍了姓名中所反映的性别问题，以及语言中所表现出的性别问题。重点掌握:1. 中西方在称呼头衔的异同（教材第109114页）2. 运用表示亲属关系的称呼时中西方的异同（教材第115119页）Unit 4 Social Interaction本单元共有6个“Activity”, 21个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。主要介绍在社会交往当中，中西方人士的不同行为模式，以及如何避免在社会交往中，由于不同文化的行为模式不同

9、所带来的误解。本单元介绍了在非正式和正式场合下，如何发出邀请，以及约定会面时间等。介绍了在请朋友吃饭时，在“付账”中的文化差异。介绍了在社会交往中，赠送和接收礼物时的文化异同，以及在沏茶倒水中体现友好，如何夸赞他人，还有如何婉转地拒绝他人。重点掌握: 1. “付账”中的东西方文化差异（教材第147150页）2. 赠送和接收礼物时的文化异同（教材第151152页）3. 夸赞他人（教材第161页）Unit 5 Roles and Relations本单元共有4个“Activity”, 29个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元主要介绍了人们在以不同的身份和在不同的社会关系

10、中进行交往时可能会出现的问题。介绍了在抚养教育孩子方面不同国家的不同方式，介绍了中国传统家庭成员之间的关系，介绍了在社会交往中男女的不同特征，介绍了中西方对待友情和朋友的态度的异同。重点掌握: 中西方对待友情和朋友的态度的异同（教材第195202页）Unit 6 Non-verbal Communication本单元共有5个“Activity”, 26个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元讨论了非言语信息在交际中的重要作用，并结合实例，介绍了一些手势、表情、眼神以及交往中人与人之间应保持的适当距离在交际中的运用。在交际中，非言语信息起着重要的作用，在表情达意方面，它的

11、作用不亚于言语信息，所以，本单元内容也是不可忽视的。重点掌握：各种面部表情在中西方文化中代表的不同意义(教材第241248页) Unit 7 In Other Words本单元共有5个“Activity”, 25个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元介绍了在交际中较常见的同义词以及它们在不同情况下的运用，此外还介绍了英语中的成语、谚语、土语委婉语及禁忌语等。这些都是非常有色彩的用语和表达法，可以使交际过程中的语言丰富，但如果运用不当，则会适得其反，因此需要着重复习。重点掌握词汇：1.Idioms 习语It should not be simply understood

12、 from its literal meaning.Some idioms:(1).face the music = to accept the criticisms and unpleasant consequences that follow a decision or action of ones own为自己的决定或行为负责（2）play the game = to obey the rules and behave in a fair or honorable way.公平竞争 “fair play” Do you remember the words “费厄泼赖”？(3) Its

13、raining cats and dogs =It is raining heavily.(4) lick somebodys boots 拍某人的马屁（5）sit at somebodys feet 拜某人为师(6) have a big mouth 夸夸其谈（7）a piece of cake 小菜一碟（8）carry coals to Newcastle 画蛇添足（9）at sixes and sevens乱七八糟（10）the pot calling the kettle 五十步笑百步（11）the kiss of death 帮倒忙（12）an eye for eye 以眼还眼（13

14、）wash ones hands 撒手不管某事（14）cast/ throw pearls before swine 对牛弹琴（15）the salt of the earth 社会中坚分子（16）爱屋及乌 love me ,love my dog(17)过着牛马般的生活 lead a dogs life(18)牛饮 drink like a fish（19）吹牛 talk horse(20) 胆小如鼠 chickenhearted(21) 害群之马 black sheep(22)一丘之貉 birds of the same feather(23)摸老虎屁股 twist the lions t

15、ail2.Proverbs谚语（1） Many hands make light work 众人拾柴火焰高。（2） Its no use crying over split milk.覆水难收（3） Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。（4） Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚（5） Idleness is the root of all evil.一懒生百邪（6） All good things must come to an end.天下无不散之宴席（7） Live and let live.得饶人

16、处且饶人（8） As you sow, so you reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆（9） Other countries, other manners.十里不同俗（10）What we lose on the swings, we gain on the roundabouts.失之东隅，收之桑榆Unit 8 From a Primitive Tribe to a Global Village （本单元只需作一般了解）本单元共有5个“Activity”, 20个“Task”以及 “Warm-up Activity”。本单元回顾了人类交际的历史，并对人类交际与动物间的交际进行了比较，此外，着重介

17、绍了，随着人类文化与科技的发展，人类的交际手段不断革新，人类的交际范围逐渐扩大，因此地球变得越来越小，阐明了交际对于人类的重要意义。四 、期末复习题 （附答案）Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy Instructions: There are altogether 15 statements or questions below. You are offered four choices marked with A, B, C, and D for each statement. Choose the most appropriate on

18、e and put it in the Answer Sheet.1. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and BA. successful communication B. bilateral communicationC. verbal communication D. unsuccessful communication2. Utterance meaning in a face-to-face communication refers to D A. what t

19、he speaker has intended to convey in what is saidB. the associative meaning words haveC. what the hearer has understood on the basis of what is saidD. what what is said normally means3. You are invited to a western meal, youre offered a second helping but you have already had enough. What would you

20、say? CA. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful.B. No, I dont want that.C. That was delicious but Ive already had plenty, thanks.D. No, I dont like it.4. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria, depression, _ and acceptance. AA. ad

21、justment B. admirationC. criticism D. shock5. The traditional primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between DA. husband and wife B. teacher and studentsC. father and children D. parents and children6. While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn, ma

22、ny men feel free to make decisions without such A A. consultation B. commitmentC. conclusion D. congratulation7. Body language can sometimes lead to since people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different interpretations of the same si

23、gnal. CA. effectiveness B. communicationC. misunderstanding D. agreement8. The ring gesture, wbere you form an O by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France thai you think something is _ C A. good B. expensiveC. worthless D. great9. Sophie went to see her uncle on

24、ce in a blue moon. D A. unexpectedly B. once a monthC. very often D. very rarely10. Kill not tile goose that lays the golden eggs. What does the sentence mean? B A. Ii is better to accept something small than to reject it and hope to get more later on.B. Anyone who claims more than he has already go

25、t is very likely to get nothing at all in the future.C. If too many people try to do the same thing at the same time, there will be chaos.D. There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.11. According to Sir Richard Paget, 1be rigbt order of development of human cornnlunication

26、is A A. gestures of the hands, gesturcs of the mouth, whispered speech, voiced speechB. sounds, food, hunting, writing, gambling, online chattingC. gestures, eye movements, writing speech, telegraph, internetD. shouting, whispers, hands movements, horse riding, computers12. A typical western girls r

27、esponse to the compliment You look beautiful in this blue dress. would be C .A. Really? Well, perhaps i look more beautiful in redB. You are just flattering me to cheer me upC. Thank you. I believe I look good in blueD. No, no. This is just an ordinary dress. I got it really cheap13. Nowadays in Eng

28、land, _B_ , first names are less likely to be used.A. in a lecture B. ill formal meetingsC. during family dinner D. at leisure parties14. - Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!- Dont believe everything he tells you. Itc was probably pulling your leg. A A. teasing you B. cheering you upC. r

29、idiculing you D. dragging your leg15. We were not surprised to hear that she had passed away after a long illness. DA. She had recovered frond a bad disease. B. She had an illness that would take her a long time to recover from.C. She had been sick for a long time.D. She had died from a bad disease.

30、Section lI: Reading Comprehension Part 1: Questions 16-20 are based on this part. Read Passage 1, and then answer Questions 6-20 briefly. Passage 1 Unconsciously, we all keep a comfortable distance around us when we interact with other people. This distance has had several names over the years, incl

31、uding personal space, ”“interpersonal distance, comfortable zone, and body bubble. Tbis space between us and another person forms invisible walls that define how comfortable we feel at various distances from other people. The amount of space changes depending on the nature of the relationship, wbich

32、 is also different from one culture to another. For Arabs the space which is comfortable for ordinary social conversation is approximately the same as that which Westerners reserve for intimate conversation. Arabs tend to stand and sit very close, perceiving private space as somewhere down inside th

33、e body. People from low contact cuhures, when interacting with people who like high contact, will back away, feeling very uncomfortable and perceiving the people who like high contact as invading their private space. Those from high contact cultures might interpret this behavior as being distant and

34、 unfriendly.16. Is it a conscious effort for us to keep at a certain distance from another person when we talk to him or her face to face?It is not. It is an unconscious action.17. What does interpersonal distance mean?Interpersonal distance means a comfortable distance we keep around us when we int

35、eract with other people.18. Do Arabs keep a big distance from others when they talk tn them?No, they lend lo stand or sit very close.19. How do people from high contact cultures stand together?They stand very close to each other.20. How do people from high contact cuhures think of the way people fro

36、m low contact cuhures stand together?They think people from low eonlacl cultures as being distant and unfriendly.Part 2: Questions 21-25 are based on this part. Passage 2 Euphemism as a figure of speech is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous socioli

37、nguist, The euphemism is a recognition by man of mans imperfection, and at the same time a recognition by marl that he belongs to better things. It is play acting, but none the worse for that. It is a false word substituted for the true word in order to soften the chock of reality.It would seem then

38、 that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstances. Sometimes iii some eases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn euphemisms as demoralizing. In the hearings, criminality is given scores of numbi

39、ng disguises . the roster seems endless: dirty tricks, laundered money, telephone anomalies all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth. However, the fact remains that eupbenfisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for tis to be able to read into them

40、to get the real meaning from them.Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments announcements, in international relations, and in the military. For example, the former President of United Sta

41、tes Ronald Reagon who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for revenue enhancements instead of tax increases. The term for the third world countries was at first underdeveloped nations, then developing countries and then emerging nations took its places. The United Nations called the

42、m LDCsless developed countries. Peacekeeper, rescue missions are a few examples of euphemisms used in the military.21. To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order lo avoid being cheated. F22. People everywhere use euphemisms. T23. One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.

43、 F 24. Though euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them. T 25. Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. FSectionIII Communication Analysis Instructions: The following are three different

44、 cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26-28 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be abo

45、ut 100-150 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Case 1 An American tourist and a Chinese couple met for the first time. They are introducing themselves like this: American tourist:it was so nice to meet you both here. Im Lucy Webster. Thank you very much. Chinese woman: Its a pleasure. Im Li Hong, and this is my husband. Welcome to China, Miss Lucy. American tourist:Thank you, Mrs. Lt. Would both of you like a cup of coffee?Chinese couple: No, drunks.Question 26:What went wrong in the case and Why?1)The American tourist thinks thai Li ttongs surname is her hus