初某中学考总复习重点词汇及短语辨析(DOC 13页).docx

1、重点词汇及短语辨析breath(n.)/breathe(v.)呼吸辨析hold ones breath屏住呼吸 out of breath气喘吁吁take a deep breath深呼吸breathe(v.)heavilyrise(vi.)/raise(vt.)辨析raise(vt.)举起;增加;筹集raised-raising(n.)raise your hand举手raise pets养宠物raise sth for sb为某人筹集watch the raising of the national flag观看升国旗He raised his hand to get my attenti

2、on.他抬起手想引起我的注意。rise-rose-risen(vi.)上升;增长;起立He put down his glass and rose to his feet.他放下杯子站起来。Prices are rising all the time.物价一直在上涨。lie(v.)/lay(v.)辨析lie(vi.)位于(lay-lain)说谎(lied-lied-lying)tell lies撒谎lay(v.)下蛋;产卵;摆放(laid-laid)The hen laid an egg just now.lose用法辨析lose(v.)迷失；丢失；失去,被.夺去；输掉lost(adj.迷路的

3、,迷失的)loss(n.丧失,损失；失败)lose heart泄气,灰心lose ones balance失去平衡lose ones way=get lost迷路connect(v.连接)/contact(v./n.联系)connect to/with与.相接,连接be connected to/withcontact the police联系警察continue(v.)继续confirm(v.)证实,确认consider(v.)认为；考虑content(n.)内容,目录contribution(n.)贡献/捐赠,投稿,导致control(n./v.)控制,支配后置定语的done/doingT

4、he filmsdirected by Zhangyimou are wonderful.The articleswrittenby Lu xun are popular.The flowers smelling sweet look nice.time spent on homework花在作业上的时间attract(v.吸引)/attack(v.攻击,进攻)be attracted by sb to sp被.吸引到某地attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力attraction(n.向往的地方;吸引)tourist attractions旅游景点attractive(

5、adj.漂亮的,有吸引力的)be attractive to sb对.有吸引力的attend(v.经常去；出席)absent(adj.缺席的)be absent from缺席.accept(v.接受,收受)/receive(v.收到)achieve(vt.实现,达到)achieve success实现成功reply to the letter回复信件/answer the phone接电话wealth(n.财富)/wealthy(adj.富有的)even/much wealthier (than)one of the wealthiest people in the worldweight(n

6、.)重量/weigh(v.重;有.重)blood(n.)donate blood to sb给某人捐献血bleed(v.流血,出血)过去式、过去分词bled-bledbleed to death流血致死spread(n.扩散；分布；展开v.使散开;扩散)Something must be done to stop the virus spreading _(扩散).Seeds are often spread by the wind.种子通常随风传播。the rapid spread of the big fire大火的蔓延 publish(v.出版)punish(v.惩罚)produce(v

7、.导致,产生)product(n.产品,成果-可数名词)production(n.生产;产量- 不可数)personality(n.个性)qualityn.特性；才能C;质量(C)serve(v.服役;服务,招待)service(n.服务;工作)serve in the army在军队服役serve as充当be in service=be in use在使用be out of service不能使用survive(v.幸存,生存)survivor(n.幸存者)provide a high level of servicepronounce(v.发音)pronunciation(n.发音)co

8、mmunicate(v.交流,交际)communication(n.交流,交际)communicate with sb与某人沟通=have communication with compare(v.比较)compare to/with与.相比competition(n.竞赛,比赛；竞争)compete(v.)complain(v.抱怨)complaint(n.)complain (to sb.) of/about sth.explain(v.解释express(v.表达)excuse(v.原谅,宽恕)explore(v.探索;探讨)wake-woke-wokenwake sb upawake(

9、adj.醒着的)asleep(adj.)be wide awake=be completely awake睡意全无aware(adj.知道,意识到)be aware of sth=be aware that意识到realize(v.意识到；实现)awful(adj.糟糕的,很坏的)/terrible(adj.可怕的)an awful day/a terrible dayHe feels terribly bad.up-to-date(adj.最新的；现代的)/latest(adj.最新的,最近的)an up-to-date report=a latest reportproper(adj.符合

10、习俗的;正确的)properly(adv.正确地,适当地)correct(adj.正确的)correctly(adv.正确地)rapid(adj.快的,迅速的)rapidly(adv.快地,迅速地)private(adj.私人的)personal(adj.个人的;私人的)complete(adj.完全的,彻底的)incomplete(adj.)completely(adv.完全的)complete(v.完成) doing sthable(adj.能,能够)be able to dobe unable to do sth.ability(n.能力)specially(adv.专门地,特地)/es

11、pecially(adv.特别,尤其)die用法辨析die(vi.)死-died(过去式)-dying(现在分词)dying(adj.)垂死的dead(adj.)死的death(n.)死亡die from/of死于die for为.而死/be dying for sth渴望得到The old man died(passed away) a week ago.The old man was found dead.succeed用法辨析succeed(v.)success(n.)successful(adj.)successfully(adv.)He succeeded(v.) in gettin

12、g the scholarship to the famous university.He has successfully(adv.) brought Chinese and Western music together.They will be more successful(adj.)in the future.Will it be a success?care用法辨析care(v.关心,关注,在意n.照料,照顾)with care小心 take care保重；当心careful(adj.仔细的,认真的；小心的)careless(adj.粗心的)be careful withbe car

13、eful not to do sthcarefully(adv.仔细地,认真地；小心地)carelessly(adv.)carelessness(n.粗心)take care of sb/sth take care to do sth.care for照料,护理care about sth.关心,在意surprise法辨析surprise(v.使惊奇,使措手不及/n.惊奇,诧异)surprised(adj.)be surprised to do sthto ones surprise令某人惊讶的是in surprise惊讶地surprised(adj.吃惊的,惊讶的)be surprised

14、at the surprising newsluck用法辨析luck(n.好运,幸运)lucky(adj.)幸运的unlucky(adj.)luckily(adv.)unluckily(adv.)不幸地good luck to sb with sthGood luck to you with your trip to Shanghai.祝你上海之旅好运！health用法辨析health(n.健康)healthy(adj.)健康的healthier-healthiestunhealthy(adj.)healthily(adv.)健康地unhealthily(adv.)不健康地be in good

15、 health=be healthykeep/stay healthy保持健康Eating healthily is good for us.marry用法辨析marry(v.结婚,嫁,娶)married(adj.已婚的,结婚的marriage(n.) twelve years of marriage.be/get married to sb=marry sb嫁/娶某人regret(v.后悔;遗憾)用法辨析过去式/过去分词:regretted;现在分词:regrettingregret doing后悔做某事regret having done后悔做了某事regret to do遗憾做.offe

16、r to do主动做offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供某人某物provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb被动:be provided with sthadvise sb to do sth建议某人做某事advice不可数名词much advice比较:suggest doing sth建议做某事 suggestion (可数名词-many suggestions)manage to do sth设法做成=succeed in doing sth成功做到某事require(v.要求)requirement (n.)要求(可数)repre

17、sent(v.代表;象征)respect(v.尊敬,尊重)reduce(v.减少,降低)refuse(v.拒绝,回绝)remain(v.逗留;保持不变)remind(v.提醒;使想起)cant help/stop doing sth忍不住做cant help (to) do sth不能帮助做某事help oneself to sth自取be of some help to sb=be helpful to sb=be a help to sblive/lively/alive/living辨析live(v.)居住;(adj.)活着的;实况转播的;(adv.)在现场直播a live show直播

18、sth be covered live.被现场报道lively(adj.)活泼的、有生气的,充满生机的living(adj.)活着的,健在的;living 前加上 the , 表示类别,指“活着的人们”为复数make a living (n.)谋生alive(adj.)活着的bring dinosaurs alive on screen把活的恐龙搬上银幕stay alive活下去keep sth alive活下来;使.保存下来sometimes/some times/sometime/some time辨析sometimes(adv.)有时候some times几次；几倍sometime某个时

19、候some time一段时间at a time一次at one time曾经for the first time第一次the first time+句子at times=from time to time不时,有时,偶尔choose to do sth被动be chosen to do sthchose-chosenhave no choice but to do sth别无选择只能做have the courage to do sth有勇气做have the strength to do sth有力气做某事have the chance to do sth有机会做chances are th

20、at有可能have a gift for对.有天赋have/do/perform an operation on对.动手术=operate on sbhave nothing to do with sb/sth与无关have something to do with与.有关have.time/energy to do sth有时间.做某事have/has to do sth重点动词及短语辨析make相关短语 (make成为；合适/linking v.)make a difference (to sb./sth.)（对.)有影响,起作用make no difference对.没有影响make s

21、th +adj.make up编造,化妆,弥补,和好make up ones mind决定=decide/make the decision to dobe made up of由.组成make it及时到达;成功做到make sure设法确保;弄清楚,查明make efforts to do sth努力做某事=make every effortmake a fire生火make progress（不可数名词)取得进步make noise发出嘈杂声make a mistake犯错误That makes two of us.对我来说也是如此。make a contribution to对.有贡献

22、go相关短语go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事)go on to to sth继续做某事(另外一件事)go on with sth继续某事go on a visit to去参观go against违背,违反go by走过,流逝go off熄灭,消失go (well)with与相配go through通过;经历,遭受=experience(v.)go for sth去从事（某项活动或运动),去参加go into hiding躲藏起来go out出去;熄灭(vi.没有被动)go over复习;回顾 go to hospital去看病go wrong弄错；犯错；（机器)出故障brea

23、k相关短语(break-broke-broken)break down（车辆或机器)出故障,坏掉;崩溃;分解break out爆发(vi.) break away (from)脱离；离开break into强行闯入(vt.)/break in(vi.)break up关系破裂,分手;解散;放假;使破裂have a break休息come相关短语辨析come up with想出(主意)come up被提出;走上前来come out出版;开花(vi.)come true实现come down崩塌,坍塌come on来吧；赶快;算了吧look相关短语辨析looks(n.)相貌,容貌look out

24、(for sth)留神,当心=watch out当心look over审阅,检查look through浏览,快速查看look up查询look up new words in a dictionarylook up to sb尊敬look down on sb轻视look after照顾,照料look into调查；往里看look forward to(doing)sth盼望,期待The film we are looking forward to will be shown next week.turn相关短语turning(n.转弯处)turn out原来是,结果是turn around

25、转身；(使)翻转turn to转向,查阅,求助于turn.into.把.变成.turn up到场,开大点turn down把调小,拒绝turn off关掉(灯,水龙头,煤气等);使失去兴趣turn on打开;使感兴趣turn right/turn lefttake a turn for the better/worse好转/恶化take turns to do sth轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth轮到某人做set up等短语辨析(set-set-set-setting)set up成立;诬陷某人set off启程;使爆炸set in开始；来临be set in以.

26、为背景set sb doing sth使某人做某事think有关的短语thought(n.)想法think twice (about sth)三思而行think of认为;考虑think about (doing)sth考虑做某事think highly of高度评价give相关用法辨析give sb/sth a try让.试试give sb a chance to do给某人做某事的机会give sb the courage to do给某人勇气做某事give a helping hand帮助,伸出援助之手give up放弃give off散发;发出give in to sb/sth屈服gi

27、ve a talk做报告give advice提出建议keep相关短语辨析(keep-kept)keep (on)doing sth继续,重复做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事keep sb.from sth保护,使免受keep.in order使.保持井然有序keep in touch with.与.保持联系keep off远离keep worries to oneself把烦恼闷在心里keep ones word/promise信守诺言keep a record保持纪录keep a secret保守秘密带out的短语work out算出;解决；制定;锻炼(vi.)tr

28、y out for sth参加.选拔(或试演)try on试穿hand out分发；提出point out指出,说明carry out开展;执行be tired out精疲力尽stay out待在户外;(晚上)不回家stay up熬夜cut out剪出cut.short缩短cut down砍倒cut in(on sb./sth.)打断（谈话),插嘴find out发现find ones way out找到出路give out分发(vt.);用光(vi.) put outcome outturn out证明是(vi.)run out用光;跑出来break out爆发go out出去;熄灭look

29、 out留神,当心out of control失去控制,无法管理out of breath上气不接下气in相关短语辨析be in a bad mood情绪不好in high spirits情绪高涨in general总的来说;大体上in all总共,总计in fear of ones life为生命安全担忧in prison坐牢in a hurry急忙,赶忙in the middle of在.中间in your dreams你做梦,你妄想in common共同之处in shape健康out of shapein orderout of orderin trouble处于麻烦中in danger

30、处于危险中=at risktheres danger有危险hand in上交,递交=turn inguard against (doing)sth防范,提防(某事)在春季可以使用什么方法来提防感冒？What methods can be used to guard against catching a cold in spring?重点动词等用法1. make sb do sth被动:be made to do sth被迫做某事近义:force sb to do sth被动:be forced to do sth被迫做2. have sb do sth使某人做某事get sb to do st

31、h使某人去做某事have sth done使某物被做=get sth done她试图使她的教练改变主意,但是失败了。She tried to get her coach to change his mind, but she failed.3. would rather not do sth宁愿不做某事4. had better (not)do sth最好(不)做某事its better (not)to do sth(不)做某事比较好5. Would you please (not)do sth？能不能请你(不)做某事？表示建议还有:Why not do sth?=Why dont you d

32、o sth?6. see/notice/hear sb do sth被动:be seen/noticed/heard to do sth7. see/notice/hear sb doing sth被动:be seen/noticed/heard doing sth被看到/听到正在做8. be well worth doing sth很值得做某事be worth sth长城很值得参观。The Great Wall is well worth a visit/visiting.9. be of great value to sb =be very valuable to sb对.宝贵的10. p

33、refer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事=prefer doing sth to doing sth=would rather do sth than do sthprefer A to B 比起B,更喜欢A=like sth betterprefer过去式preferred11. promise to do sth答应做某事promise not to do sthmake/keep/break a promise12. remind sb (not) to do sth提醒某人(不)去做某事被动:sb+be+reminded to do

34、sth remind sb of (doing) sth提醒某人某事13. prove to doprove sth+adj.prove the suspect guilty14. mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事meaningful(adj.)meaningless(adj.)meaning(n.)意思15. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事被动:sb+be+encouraged to do sth注意:encouragement(n.)鼓励16. be supposed to do sth 应该做某事Suppose/S

35、upposing(假设) we cant get the necessary equipment,what would we do?17. allow sb (not) to do sth 允许某人(不)做某事被动:sb+be+allowed to do sthallow doing sth18. expect to do sth预计做某事expect sb (not) to do sth期望某人(不)做某事被动:sb+be+expected to do sth19. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人(不)做某事被动:sb+be+warned (not)to do st

36、hwarning(n.)警告20. welcome sb to do sth欢迎某人做某事be welcomed by sb被某人欢迎Youre welcome.=Not at all.=Dont mention it.=Its a pleasure./My pleasure.不客气21. (can)afford to do sth 能做某事 cant afford to do sth负担不起做某事22. refuse to do sth拒绝做某事23. fail to do sth未能做成某事 failure (n.)24. agree to do sth同意做某事agreement(n.)

37、25. happen/chance to do sth碰巧做某事=It happens that.26. seem to do 好像做某事=It seems that+句子27. cause sb/sth to do sth引起某人做某事.的原因the cause of.=the reason for.28. influence sb to do sth影响某人做某事29. depend on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事depend on取决于base.on./be based on/upon基于30. the way to do sth=the way of doing sth做

38、某事的方法the answer to the question/the way to sp/the key to the door/the solution to doing sth31. be the first/the last/the third to do第一个/最后一个.做32. to do表示目的/做表语 What else should I pay attention toto improve my Maths?One way to solve your health problem is to take more exercise and eat less sweet food

39、.33. hope to do sth希望做某事=hope that+句子常用动名词用法1. devote ones time/energy/attention to doing sth致力于做某事 devotion(n.)devote oneself to doing sth=be devoted to doing sth2. commit oneself to doing sth专注做commit crimes犯罪3. insist on doing sth坚持做某事被动:insist on being doneHe insisted (坚持认为)that he had never see

40、n the camel.insist that sb (should) do sth/that sb/sth (should) be done.4. be/get used to (doing)sth 习惯于(做)某事used to do sth过去常常做某事(现在不再做)被动:used to be done否定didnt use to/usednt tobe used to sth (被)用来做某事=be used for doing sthuse sth to do sth使用某物做某事use(v./n.)-usefuluseless(adj.)make full/good use of利

41、用=take advantage ofbe in use=be in service在使用中be used as (被)当做.来用be used by +人 be of some use to sb/sth=be useful to sb/sth对.有用5. sth needs doing sth=sth needs to be done(物做主语)sb need/needs/needed (sb)to do sth某人需要(某人)去做 neednt do sth=dont have to do sth不必做there is no need for sb to do sth6. keep/st

42、op/ prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事被动sth +be+prevented/kept from doing sth (to do表目的)7. consider doing sth考虑做某事consider not doingconsider sb to be/as.认为某人是.be considered as/to be.considering(prep.)考虑到,鉴于consideration(n.)考虑8. miss doing sth错过做某事miss being done错过被做 9. avoid doing sth避免做某事10. imagine

43、doing sth想象做imagine that/imagine sb to be/as imagination(n.)想象力imaginative(adj.)富有想象力11. mind ones/sb doing sth介意做某事mind being doneDo you mind being treated rudely?12. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事pay back偿还pay off还清;成功pay a visit to拜访,参观pick up采集;拾起;接收;接送;偶然学会13. suggest doing sth建议做某事suggest th

44、at sb/sth (should) (not) do sth14. recommend doing sth推荐做recommend sb for sth/recommend sth to sbrecommend that sb (should) (not) do sth15. have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth有困难做某have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth你在向我们解释这个句子上有什么困难吗？Do you have any difficulty explaining the senten

45、ce to us?我必须得立即找人处理这个问题。I must have the problem dealt with at once.16. have fun (in) doing sth=have a good/fantastic time doing sth玩得开心做某事=enjoy oneselfWhat great fun it is to do sth!What great fun they are having doing sth now!What a great time they are having doing sth!17. spend (in) doing sth.花时间做某事=spend.on