GRE高频Issue题库提纲.doc

1、二十六次Issue13/46/70/102/112 (Old4+94) 教育(3)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your rea

2、soning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. 1every subject does not exist independently对学好本学科有说明，因为知识在逻辑体系上是互通

3、的，各个学科之间的相互交织。研究经济学的适当学习数学知识有利于对经济学的更深理解，如 philosophy is the foundation of all subject达芬奇 Da Vinci 即是科学家也是艺术家，他对人体解剖 anatomy 的深入了解，才使得他的油画十分优美，传神。 Since various disciplines were interrelated, the study of courses outside the students own field may benefit the study of their own major.如：力学中的理论可用于美术；如

4、：公共行政学生需要了解心理学、管理学、政治学的发展 2 在全球化进程的今天，只学习某个专业内的知识已经不能满足需要了 In todays technologically advanced society it is impossible for those who focus their attention on the concerning fields to satisfy the needs for the future society. 首先，广泛的学习各种知识能够拓宽视野。(broaden our vision | cultivate full-blown market of ide

5、as | a broad spectrum of opinions | get closer to the truth | come to the best judgment.) True education amounts to far more than gaining the knowledge and ability to excel in ones major course of study and in ones professional career.其次，可以让学生发现她真正感兴趣的研究方向。By exploring subjects outside their own maj

6、or, students may find new academic fields where lie their real interest and potential gift.3过分强调学习其他学科的重要性可能会导致学生忽视主要知识的学习 3、但是，不能放弃对主要科目的深入研究，这也是高校设置 major 的目的所在，浅尝辄止be satisfied with a smattering of knowledge对个人和社会都无裨益； unduly emphasize the importance of studying the course outsider may lead the s

7、tudents neglecting the knowledge of certain fields of study, and thereby have no capability to engage any realm of employment or research work. On the other hand, compel student to place most of the attentions on the professional fields also may falls into another extreme and eventually make the stu

8、dents impossible to catch up with the development of the science and technology 4、总结，在保证深入学习钻研专业的前提下，扩大知识面，才能获得真正的教育 二十二次Issue 28/85/94/113/120/121/127/145/147 (Old170)社会(1)28.The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by

9、the general welfare of its people.一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in wh

10、ich the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.1、肯定伟大国家的第一要素是人民生活好福利好 the overriding imperative of any democratic state is to enhance the general welfare of its citizenry Great nation 的定义，prosperous in economy, democratic in politics , affluen

11、ce in cultures. The welfare of the people, including the living conditions, the social security system and the charity of developed country is 人民生活都保障不了的国家绝对不伟大，即使 elite 有成就也毫无意义 For example, India .we have to admit that it is fast development of India during the past century and even it has owning

12、nuclear weapon . However, focusing on high technology and weapon does not ameliorate the situation that much Indians are still living in the lowest level of society. And The peace is still a dream in this country because of divergence between people in religion and nation. India can not be called a

13、great nation.2、 社会繁荣 社会整体的成功统治者、艺术家、科学家的成就也是伟大国家的重要因素 (a) Scientific and technological achievements serve in the first place to enhance a nations general welfare.(Advance in medical treatment, transportation, communication, etc)(b) Artistic achievements could not be neglected, though. They help to m

14、ake a nation a better place to reside. (Provide inspiration, life peoples spirit and bring about creativity and imagination, all of which spur us to make more accomplishments.)(c)The military and diplomatic accomplishment of its leaders could neither be ignored in the general welfare of a nation. (T

15、he War of Independence)伟大国家中的统治者、艺术家、科学家要为人民谋福利 For the rulers or the politicians, they should improve peoples living standards, safeguard the nations integrity and peoples safety, in a word, they should make their nation more stable, peace, and prosperous; With respect to artists, they should exert

16、 their creativity and imagination to make more classic artworks in order to reflect the inner connotations and impulse of a society and ultimately improve peoples spiritual life and bring with them entertainment; When it comes to scientists, what they should is to make the research results conduce t

17、o peoples study, life, and work while avoid the potential negative impacts their research may produce.Issue 16/50/86/114/115 (Old54) 历史(8)86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on t

18、heir own judgment.有些人认为政府官员应该遵从大众的意愿。也有人认为政府官员依靠自己的判断做决定。Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.1、不能盲目

19、的坚持，如果我们坚持的东西是错误的话，否则必将走向失败；如：希特勒 Blind adherence indicates nothing but ignorance and imprecise, which is a sign of foolish stubbornness:(a) Cause self-complacence which leads to the neglect of ones defects.(b) If everyone sticks to his or her beliefs, that would cause the conflicts in our daily lif

20、e.The most egregious example to illustrate this point involves Hitler, whose belief that the Jews presented potential harm to him and his countrymen was completely ridiculous and fantastic, which ultimately resulted in the tragic mass persecution and even genocide.2、有时，为了成功我们也需要暂时的妥协；如卧薪尝胆的故事，就是在力量弱

21、的时候妥协争取生存和发展的机会，以期待日后的崛起Long march of Chinese armyChinese great leader-Xiaoping Deng are famous for not only great contribution to the founding of Peoples Republic of china but also his unprecedented stratagem of reform. His theory of reform is based on the objective observation of the developing tr

22、end on the whole world and the masses will of and obvious efficiency upon the situation of china.3、坚持信念可以走向成功Only through firm adherence to some of ones beliefs could one make unique accomplishments, especially when you are only one step away from the truth, compromise means total failure. (Martin L

23、uther King, The independence of America, Copernicus)Mary Curie adhere to her belief; Beethoven; heron Keller Marie Curies belief-there must be some new matter with the feature of radioactive concealing in the industrial wastes-had enabled her to work arduously and tenaciously, and eventually given b

24、irth to the discovery of Radium, which wan Marie Curie the Nobel Prize and meanwhile contributed significantly to the progress of medical science.3. Blind compromise is also detrimental:(a) Concerning the decent interests of a country(b) The loyalty to truth and the respect for individual self as we

25、ll as the society. 通常政治家是the outstanding individuals in the society.如：Roosevelt 在经济危机时能及时挽救美国 不能保证政治家做出的决策总是对的。A理论上说，他们可能为了自己的私利。 B实际上说，历史上有很多例子，关于政治家作了错误决策的。The cultural revolution 不能忽视普通人群的判断力和决策，尤其在一个民主国家,因为政治家了解到的情况可能不那么真实，而the public 才是真正的利益相关主体The political issues are highly professional and r

26、equires expertise to tackle, political leaders should rely on their judgmentPolitical leaders, on general assumption, should be well-trained to handle highly professional issuesGeneral public, on the other hand, can only follow rather than leadIn democratic nation, and to ensure no bias or political

27、 discriminations soil the basic interest of the general public, the voice of the people should be taken into considerationConstitutionally legitimate for people to participate political affairs and defend their own rights十八次Issue59新增 科技(20)59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their rese

28、arch on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.科学家和科研人员应该研究更容易造福大众的领域。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, desc

29、ribe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.当确定一些领域的优先权时，比如科学、教育等，最需要考虑的问题是：有多少人会从中获益?Partly agree1. 能够解决现在最 urgent 社会问题科理所当然的应该给予优先权。如：通信，经济，商科，法律、医学。A哪些人会受益。B 实际证明这些学科也是最兴旺发达的。最优秀的学生通常都去了这些地方

30、。 医学、生物研究，对治病的作用；农学研究对基本生活需要的满足；工程研究对建设的作用2. 有一些看起来没什么用的长期看会很有用。哲学、文学、历史、数学、物理（其它科的基础）。 一些科学不要反对3. 在研究成果没有出来之前，我们很难判断哪些是能给最多人带来利益的。因此，让其平衡发展。按照经济学的观点，那些已经兴旺发达的学科，政府不需给予太多关注，否则几年后供大于求；而那些现在默默无闻的学科今后可能是很有用的学科，需要给予扶持。一些已经很好的学科或许 不能太过于投入，而一些不是很发达的则需要大力支持。I agree insofar as areas of research certain to r

31、esult in immediate and significant benefits for society should continue to be a priority. Yet, strictly followed, the speakers recommendation would have a harmful chilling effect on research and new knowledge.1. Admittedly, scientific research whose societal benefits are immediate, predictable, and

32、profound should continue to be a high priority.2. However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given lower priority. First of all, if we strictly follow the speakers suggestion, who would decide which areas of research are more worthwhile than others

33、? Researchers cannot be left to decide.3. Secondly, to compel all researchers to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents. 4. Thirdly, it is difficult to predict which research avenues will ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society.十三次Issue12/25 (

34、old53) 教育(13)12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费大学教育。Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position y

35、ou take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.(1) College and university attracts the students with its incomparable advantages:教育的重要性(a) Peerless faculties and adva

36、nced facilities(b) Atmosphere for studying(2) Due to its high tuition, many talented, earnest and industrious students could not afford it and thus may be deprived of the opportunity to study in college and university. Thus some people propose the above suggestion. However, it is impracticable and i

37、rrational:(a) Too ponderous a burden on the finance of government.(b) The quality of education could no longer be assured(c) The students might lose the impetus to study as diligent as they do at the time.(3) Other auxiliary projects could help to solve the problems:(a) Scholarship, stipend, interes

38、t-free loan.City and country library, and correspondence course.Issue 19(old3)(40)It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。花钱解决现在的问题很合理，特别是很紧急的问题

39、。如：Tsunami有些问题不是现在就能解决的。需要长远的规划。贫困问题、犯罪问题，有关human nature的问题从历史上看从来没有真正得到解决过。我们对未来负有责任。 A一方面，我们的行为造成了他们的损失。能源上，环境上。B从道德上说，人与动物的区别在于我们会感情上认为应对后代负责。When we enjoy the fruits of industrialization and democracy, we are, on the other side, confronted with social problems brought by as another consequence o

40、f this process.Firstly, immediate, existing social problems that baffled us deeply need to be resolved as quickly as possible so to restore a sound society and improve its healthy development. However, many present social problems cannot be resolved immediately as we hoped. Furthermore, neglecting l

41、ong-term researches that may help future generations, overemphasizing to focus on the present problems, may result in incomplete resolution to these social problems, which can merely be an expedience rather than a resolution. Issue31/63/67(Old121+242) 行为(10)63.There is little justification for socie

42、ty to make extraordinary effortsespecially at a great cost in money and jobsto save endangered animal or plant species.特别是考虑到花费代价和精力，对于任何社会，投入巨大的努力拯救濒危的动植物是不合理的。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the posit

43、ion you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Position: disagree.1 诚然，过去很多的动物都是因为自身不能够适应自然条件或者竞争法则而灭绝的。The first is essentially the Darwinian argument tha

44、t extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called “natural selection” in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not. 然而，professional agency of species protection公布的数据表明，目前动物因为人类灭绝的数量是自然灭绝的 100 倍。人类对环境的污染导致很多生物不能够适应剧变的环境而灭亡；人类的大量开发土地和 deforest 导致生物的生存空间越来越小。人类正在成为 leading kil

45、ler，所以，我们有责任去保护那些濒临灭绝的动物。 我们有责任去保护那些因我们而身陷危险的动物和植物，它们也是地球的一员。没有了它们，我们将会变得很孤单。我希望，未来的孩子们问起大熊猫长什么样的时候，我们可以带他们到动物园去看而不是仅仅在电视或书本上。2 保护那些濒临灭绝的动物对我们的生态系统有好处。一方面，保护那些濒临灭绝的动物就是保护生态平衡，比如在一个小岛上，如果某种鸟类灭绝了，那么田鼠之类的动物就没有了天敌，他们的过度繁殖会大量破坏植被，造成生态系统紊乱；另一方面，保护濒临灭绝的动物可以保持生态系统多样性，对我们的科研很有有帮助，科学家可以采集动物的基因进行研究，从而找出它们进化上的弱

46、点，从而为我们人类和其他动物提供数据。从这个意义上说，我们应该保护那些濒临灭绝的动物.It is time for human beings to now. 如果我们现在去保护那些濒临灭绝的动物，可以积累大量关于治理环境污染和保护动物的经验，从而用来保护那些目前没有濒临灭绝的动物。等到地球上的动物越来越少的时候就来不及了。我们现在帮助大熊猫配种繁殖，产下更多后代，未来就可以防止更多的物种因为生殖问题而灭绝；通过研究亚马逊森林的物种减少问题，我们可以知道酸雨和砍伐造成的，我们就可以采取相应的措施去减少这种损失，以避免更多的生物濒临灭绝。这些经验是宝贵的，他们可以帮助我们避免悲剧发生在其他生物的身

47、上。我们的行动越早，悲剧就越少。 3、一个国家的人类财力是有限的，不能一味的全用来保护濒危物种。保护濒危物种与社会的进步，经济的发展不应该对立。人类不能违背自然规律 antagonize the nature and cannot betray the rules of universe Issue104/107(Old43)政治(9)104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.想成为一名有效力的领导则，政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和

48、道德标准。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.Position：partly agree1、(+)官员，who 对社会负责为人民服务，应该保持高的道德和伦理标准。作为公众人物，自然就应该受更多的限制，比如不能随便说脏话，要注意自己的行为举止等等。不道德的官员是不可能有很长的政治生涯的2、(+)不遵守political morality的政治家无法成功地领导，最终forfeit leadership，be doomed to failureHitler, NixonTa