初中英语中考语法复习（冠词+代词）.doc

1、中考英语语法复习一、冠词1.不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前；This is a book.指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类A plane is a machine that can fly.泛指某人或某物A young man is waiting for you.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等Therell be a strong wind in South China.用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前a knife and fork“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”The cake is delicious and I

2、would like a second one.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思five lessons a week2.不定冠词a,an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前a teacher,a good studentan用在以元音音素开头的单词前an apple tree,an interesting story注意:判断一个名词前用a还是用an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/音时,单词前用an,如an umbrella,an

3、unhappy boy;当“u”发/ju/音时,单词前用a,如a university,a useful book。3.含有a的常见固定词组a few/little/bit一点儿;have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息;have a cold感冒;have a good time玩得高兴;in a hurry匆忙for a while一会儿;keep a diary记日记;do sb a favor帮助某人4.当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词a或an的位置应注意:(1)当名词被such,half,wha

4、t,many等修饰时,不定冠词要放在这些词之后。He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了关门。It took me half an hour to write the letter.写那封信花了我半个小时。What an interesting book it is!这是一本多么有趣的书啊!Many a man has gone to big cities for work.许多人都到大城市去打工了。(2)当单数名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。She

5、was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是这么好的一个女孩,她把那位盲人带到了车站。How nice a film this is!这是一部多么好的电影啊!(3)当名词前面有形容词和quite或very时,不定冠词置于quite之后,very之前。quite a good book 一本十分好的书a very interesting story 一个非常有趣的故事5.定冠词(the)的基本用法用于双方都知道的人或事物前Give me the book,please.用于特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物前Do y

6、ou know the girl in red?表示世界上独一无二的事物The moon moves around the earth.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前The first lesson is very easy.He is the younger of the two boys.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩The Greens are watching TV now.用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物The orange is orange.与某些形容词连用表一类人We should help the old.用于江河、海洋、山脉、

7、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前the Great Wall,the Summer Palace用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前I like playing the piano.6.用于某些固定短语中in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;in the daytime在白天;in the end最后;all the time一直;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;in the open air在户外;at the age of在岁时;at the beginning of在开始时;on t

8、he other side of在的另一边;in the middle of在中间;at the moment现在7.定冠词和不定冠词易混点(1)序数词前用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“the+序数词”表示“第几”;“a+序数词(first除外)”表示“又一,再一”。The apple is delicious,and I would like a second one.苹果很好吃,我想再吃一个。(2)a number of,the number ofa number of的意思是“一些”;the number of的意思是“的数目,的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。A number of st

9、udents like playing computer games. 一些学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。The number of the students in our school is about 1,500.我们学校学生数目大约是1,500。二、代词一、人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词。人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格常做主语，宾格常做宾语，放在动词、介词后。主格包括：I, you, he, she, it，we, they。宾格包括：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。如：1）I am a teacher.我是一个老师。2）She is a student.他是一个学生

10、。3）Give me the book.给我那本儿书。It 的用法。1）it代替上文提到的事或物。2）用于句型中：think /find /feel it + adj./n.(for sb.)to doIt is + adj./n.+ that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb.st.to do3)代替人：婴儿，远处的人，照片中的人，敲门的人。如：It must be my teacher.他肯定是我的老师。Whos it over there?那边儿他是谁？2.物主代词。物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。前者相当于一个形

11、容词，后者相当于一个名词。前者包括：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。后者包括：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。尤其是名词性的物主代词是重点考察内容。如：1）This is my book.这是我的书。2）This isnt your pen.Yours is on the desk.这不是你的钢笔。你的钢笔在桌子上。二、反身代词。当主语和后边的人指同一个人时，用反身代词。如：I do homework by myself.反身代词包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself

12、, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。它们经常出现在词组中，如：by oneself, 通过某人自己say to oneself, 自言自语think to oneself, 自言自语think of oneself, 想到某人自己dress oneself, 给某人自己穿衣服enjoy oneself, 玩儿的高兴teach oneself, 自学learn by oneself, 自学make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感觉宾至如归help oneself to + n., 随便吃点儿help oneself, 帮

13、助某人自己leave sb.by oneself, 把某人自己单独留在家里lose oneself in/into, 把某人自己沉浸在look after oneself, 照料自己take care of oneself照料自己三.不定代词。不定代词包括：some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one构成的复合不定代

14、词，如：someone, anything等。不定代词的用法1.one, some与any1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mist

15、akes, if any.2.each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary./ Each (of us) has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和nono等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名

16、词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4.other和another1) other泛指“另外的，别的”the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class

17、 failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one).Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English./ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers./ Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.6.little 几乎没有 修饰 不可数名词a little 一些 修饰 不可数名词few 几乎没有 修饰 可数名词a few 一些 修饰 可数名词5