初中英语人教版九年级下册重点语法详解（ Unit 1-4）.doc

1、九年级英语下册重点语法详解Unit 1Irene Irene中英文天地 2023-03-16 12:19 发表于广东1.介词by+v-ing: 通过(方法、途径)做某事常用于回答:How do you? 或 How can I?e.g.She studies English by listening to English songs.她通过听英文歌来学习英语。2.What about/ How about?后跟名词, 代词或动词-ing形式。用于征求意见。 e.g.What about a cup of tea?喝杯茶怎么样？How about you?你呢？What /How about g

2、oing to the zoothis afternoon?今天下午去动物园怎么样？3.aloud和loudly的区别：aloud出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。e.g.Dont read aloud in the library.不要在图书馆大声朗读。loudly高声地; 喧闹地。可以和loud互换， 含有“吵闹”的意思, 不悦耳。e.g.Dont talk loudly in public.不要在公众场合大声喧哗。4.too .to .“太而不能”, too后面接形容词或副词, to后面接动词原形。eg: The room is too dirty to

3、 live in.房间太脏了，无法居住。Its +adj.+ (for sb.) + to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是的。e.g.Its easy for her to answer the question.对她来说回答这个问题很简单。5.word by word 逐字地day by day 一天天地step by step 逐步地6.be patient to do sth.有耐心做某事e.g.These students are patient to queue at the bus stop.这些学生耐心地在公车站排着队。be patient with sb.对某人有耐心e.

4、g.Shes very patient with young children.她对小孩子很有耐心。7.“the+比较级+ ., the +比较级+ .”表示“越，就越”。e.g.The warmer the weather is, the better I will feel.天气越暖和，我感觉越好。8.find it + adj.+ to do sth.发现做某事很e.g.I found it interesting to talk with my grandfather.我发现跟我祖父说话很有趣。9.so .that“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。常见结构：so+形容词 / 副词+th

5、at从句； so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+that从句。e.g. My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is so clever a boy that everybody likes him.=He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他是如此聪明的男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。10.be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事be afraid of sb./ sth.害怕某人 / 某物be afraid of doing sth.

6、害怕做某事e.g.Jane is afraid of dogs.Jane怕狗。Mona is afraid to walk alone at night.=Mona is afraid of walking alone at night.Mona晚上害怕单独走路。11、look up 查找 接名词时，名词可放动词后，也可放副词后；接代词时，只能放在动词跟副词的中间。e.g.You can look up a new word / look a new word up in the dictionary.你可以用词典查生词。If you dont know the word, you can l

7、ook it up in the dictionary.如果你不认识这个单词，你可以查字典。12.so that“以便，为了” （从句中常用can, could，would，may等），引导目的状语从句。e.g.I didnt have lunch so that I would be hungry tonight.我不吃午饭，为的就是让自己今晚能 感到饥饿。13.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。e.g.Nick doesnt know what to buy for his mother.尼克不知道为他的妈妈买什么。Can you tell me where to find thi

8、s kind of bike?你能告诉我哪里可以找到这种自行车吗？【注意】what to do后不需要跟宾语how to do后必须跟宾语e.g. She doesnt know what to do.她不知道要干什么。She doesnt know how to do it.她不知怎么做（这件事）。14.make mistakes 犯错e.g.Ioften make mistakes in grammar.我经常犯语法错误。by mistake 错误地e.g.She took my umbrella by mistake.她错拿了我的雨伞。mistake sb./sth.for sb./st

9、h.把某人/某物错当成某人/某物e.g.People often mistake me for my twin sister .人们经常把我错认成我双胞胎姐姐。15.whether or not=whether “是否”，常出现在宾语从句、主语从句中。也可把whether和or not分开，or not放到句尾。e.g.I cant tell whether or not the teacher likes me.= I cant tell whether the teacher likes me or not.我不知道老师是否喜欢我。16.depend on/ upon 依据；依赖; 取决于

10、depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事e.g.Dont depend on your parents too much.不要过分依赖你的父母。Im depending on you to get this done.我指望着你把这件事给办了。【注意】depend on / upon本身含有“被动”的意味，所以不用于被动语态。17.depend on / upon后也可接从句。e.g.Where to hold the party depends on how many people can come.派对在哪里举行取决于能有多少人来。18.have sth.in comm

11、on (with sb./ sth.)(与某人、某物）有相同之处e.g.Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相同之处。19.pay attention to doing sth.专心做某事e.g.You must pay attention to listening toyour teacher in class.上课的时候你必须专心听老师讲。20.connect .to / with / and .把.和.连接或联系起来e.g.Please help me connect the printer with the computer.请帮我把打

12、印机和电脑连接起来。21.practice doing sth.表示“练习做某事”。e.g.Theyre practicing singing the new song.他们在练习唱新歌。22.unless “如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句，同ifnot可以进行同义转换。e.g.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.= You will fail the exam if you dont study hard. 如果你不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。Unit 2 1.put on 增加（体重）；发胖 e.g.Theyve put on fiv

13、e pounds.他们体重增加了5磅。由put构成的其他短语：put up 张贴 put off 推迟put away 收好 put out 扑灭2.in 一段时间，表示“多久以后以内”,常与将来时连用，提问用“How soon”。e.g.He will arrive in Beijing in 3 days.他将在3天后到北京。A:How soon will you be back?你们将什么时候回来？B:We will be back in an hour.我们会在一个小时后回来。3.I wonder. “我想知道”, 后常接if引导的宾语从句,意为“是否”，表示委婉地请求或询问信息。e.

14、g.I wonder if you can give me a hand.我想知道你是否可以帮我一下。3.if 和whether二者都可以引导宾语从句, 表示“是否; 是不是”。一般情况下两者可以互换使用。e.g.I wonder if/whether you will be free tomorrow.我想知道你明天是否有空。注意：当whether与or not连用时, whether不可换为if。e.g.I dont know whether or not they can come to the party.我不知道他们是否能来参加聚会。4.if的双重身份：if“是否”,引导宾语从句,若

15、表示将来, 从句时态用一般将来时;if“如果”,引导条件状语从句, 条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains tomorrow, Ill stay at home.我不知道明天是否下雨。如果明天下雨,我将待在家里。5.be similar to 与相似be similar in 在某方面相似e.g.His shoes are similar to Tims.他的鞋子跟Tim的相似。The two bikes are similar in color.两辆自行车的颜色相似。 6.现在完成进行时态，基本

16、结构是“have / has + been + 现在分词”，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词，并且其后通常带有 since 或 for 等引起的时间状语。e.g.I ve been waiting for her for two hours.我已经等了她两个小时了。7.whoever 无论谁，不管什么人whatever 无论什么 whenever 无论何时wherever 无论在哪里however 无论怎样它们等同于“no matter + wh”结构。e.g.Whoever he likes, I will support him.=No m

17、atter who he likes, I will support him.不管他喜欢谁，我都会支持他。8.lay out 铺开，摆开（lay的过去式laid）e.g.He laid the map out on the table.他将地图在桌子上铺开。lay也是lie的过去式。用作lie的过去式时，lay 意为“躺，卧；位于”。e.g.Tim was ill and lay in bed the whole day.Tim病了，整天躺在床上。Years ago, our village lay in the mountain.几年前，我们的村庄坐落在山上。9.admire for .因.

18、钦佩/赞赏.e.g.I admire him for his excellent teaching.我钦佩他是因为他出色的教学。10.Dad told me that the sun rises in the east.Teresa told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn.当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时，一般不受主句时态的限制，均用一般现在时。11.give sb.a treat 招待某人e.g.Its Marys birthday and wants to give us a treat.今天是玛丽的生日，她要请客招待我们。1

19、2.dress up 装扮dress up as装扮成dress up in穿着衣服e.g.Its fun to dress up for a party.盛装参加聚会是很有趣的。She likes to dress up as a boy.她喜欢装扮成一个男孩。Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween.在万圣节前夕晚上孩子们穿上盛装。13.warn sb.to do sth.警告某人干某事warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要干某事e.g.The police warned us not to go out at

20、 night.警察警告我们晚上不要出去。14.end up 最终成为; 最后处于e.g.The film ended up with a song.这部电影以一首歌来结束。15.used to do sth.过去常常be used to doing sth.习惯做be used to do sth.= be used for doing sth. 被用来做eg: I used to play football when I was a child.小时候我常踢足球。I am used to getting up early in the morning.我习惯于早上早起。16.tell sb.

21、to do sth.告诉某人做某事tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事expect sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事e.g.Our teachers often tell us tostudy hard.我们老师经常告诉我们要努力学习。I expected her to be a good teacher.我期待她成为个好老师。17.remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人/某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事eg: This dictionary can remind me of my English teacher.

22、这本字典让我想起我英语老师。18.punish sb.(for sth./ for doing sth.) 因为惩罚某人eg:他们因为杰克迟到而惩罚了他。They punished Jack for being late.19.decide to do sth.决定去做某事decide not to do sth.决定不去做某事e.g. He decided not to go there.他决定不去那儿了。20.promise to do sth.许诺做某事promise sb.to do sth.许诺/答应某人做某事e.g.My father promises to buy me a gi

23、ft.爸爸许诺给我买礼物。Unit 31.excited作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。exciting “激动人心的；令人兴奋的”作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。e.g.We were all excited when we heard the news.当我们听到这个消息，我们都很兴奋。I have some very exciting news for you.我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。【拓展】（类似以上用法的词）moved 感动的/moving 令人感动的touched 感动的/touching 令人感动的interested 感兴趣的/intere

24、sting 令人感兴趣的relaxed放松的/relaxing 令人放松的tired 劳累的/tiring 令人觉得累的disappointed 失望的/disappointing 令人失望的embarrassed 尴尬的/embarrassing 令人尴尬的surprised惊讶的/ surprising 令人惊讶的amazed 吃惊的/amazing 令人吃惊的worried 担忧的/worrying 令人担忧的frustrated 沮丧的/frustrating 令人沮丧的2.try to do sth.设法做某事try ones best to do sth.尽某人全力去做某事try

25、doing sth.试着做某事e.g.That man tried to stand up, but he fell again.那个人试图站起来，但又倒下了。He has tried his best to finish the task.他已经尽全力完成这份任务了。Try doing some exercise and you will become thin.试着做些运动，你会变瘦的。3.问路的常用句型：Excuse me.Could/Can you tell me the way to?Excuse me.Could/Can you tell me how I can get to?E

26、xcuse me.Could/Can you tell me how to get to?Excuse me.Could/Can you tell me whereis/are?Excuse me.Do you know where/how?Excuse me.Which is the way to, please?Excuse me.Where is , please？Excuse me.Is there a/annear here?4.suggest doing sth./advising doing sth.建议做某事e.g.Amy suggests solving the proble

27、m in a different way.=Amy advises solving the problem in a different way.Amy建议用一种不同的方式来解决问题。advise sb.to do sth.建议某人去做某事e.g.He advised me to buy a computer.他建议我买台电脑。大家特别注意：英语表达中是没有suggest sb.to do sth./suggest to do sth./advise to do sth.这几个搭配的，很多学生习惯犯这几个错误，一定要注意改过来。【拓展】suggestion n.建议, 可数名词。advice

28、建议，不可数名词。e.g.Ben made some suggestions at the meeting.Ben在会议上给出了一些建议。5.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事(侧重动作）be busy with sth.忙于某事（侧重状态）e.g.she was busy finishing her homework.她忙着完成她的作业。She was busy with her report.她忙着她的报告。6.spend time/money doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事spend time/money (in) doing sth./ on sth.花费时间/

29、金钱做某事/在某事/某物上e.g.My brother spent two hours (in ) finishing his homework.=My brother spent two hours on his homework.我弟弟花了两个小时完成了他的家庭作业。7.1）It is + adj.(+ for + sb.) + to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等, 用来对to do sth.进行说明。e.g.Its difficult for us to fi

30、nish the work in an hour.对于我们来说在一小时内完成这份工作很难。2) It is + adj.+ of + sb.+ to do sth.此句型常用形容词有good, kind, nice, clever, wise等，用来对sb.的性格、品质等进行说明。e.g.Its kind of you to say so.你这么说真是太好了。municate with 和沟通；和交流e.g.Parents often find it difficult to communicate with their children.父母经常发现很难和他们的孩子沟通。9.look for

31、ward to “期待, 盼望”, 后接名词或者动词-ing形式。e.g.I look forward to your good news.我盼望着你的好消息。Look forward to hearing from you.期待收到你的来信。10.thanks for & thanks to的区别：thanks for (doing) sth.“为(做)某事感谢”。e.g.Thanks for helping me / your help.感谢你帮了我。/感谢你的帮助。thanks to 多亏；由于e.g.Thanks to you, I found my pet dog.多亏了你，我找到了

32、我的宠物狗。11.plan sth.计划某事plan to do sth.计划或打算做某事make a plan to do sth./make plans to do sth.计划做某事e.g.Can you help me plan my trip to Chengdu?你能帮忙计划一下我去成都的旅行吗？When do you plan to visit your grandparents?= When do you make a plan to visit your grandparents?=When do you make plans to visit your grandparen

33、ts?你计划什么时候去探望你祖父母？Unit4 1.such可修饰可数名词单数、可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用结构为“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”或“such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数”。e.g.This party is such a great idea!这个派对是个很棒的主意！It is such fine weather.今天是个好天气。I havent seen such cute animals.我从未见过如此可爱的动物。2.It is/has been+时间段+since从句since用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“自从以来”。since用作连词时, 还可

34、意为“既然;由于”,此时引导原因状语从句。e.g.It is/has been ten years since she left me.（时间状语从句）她离开我已经10年了。Since it was raining, we didnt go out.（原因状语从句）由于下雨了，我们就没出去。3.take up 开始; 从事; 继续做e.g.The table takes up too much room.这桌子太占地方了。They have taken up golf.他们开始学起打高尔夫球了。【拓展】take短语take off 起飞; 脱下; 动身take down 记下; 取下take

35、place 发生; 进行; 举行take a look 看一下 take a walk 散步take away 带走, 拿走, 取走take care of 照顾; 注意; 抚养4.deal with 应对; 处理e.g.Have you dealt with these letters?这些信件你处理了吗？5.dare to do sth. 敢于做某事e.g.He doesnt dare to jump from the top of the wall.(实义动词）他不敢从墙上跳下来。dare not do sth.不敢做某事He dare not jump from the top of

36、the wall.（情态动词)他不敢从墙上跳下来。6.tons of 很多; 极多e.g.They have tons of work every day.他们每天都有大量的工作要做。7.fight on 奋力坚持e.g.We must fight on until the end of the battle.我们必须坚持到战斗结束。8.used to do sth.过去常做某事（用于一般过去时）e.g.He used to wear glasses.他过去常戴眼镜。be/get used to + n./ pron./ v.-ing（用于各种时态）习惯于。e.g.My dad is/gets

37、 used to getting up early every day.我爸爸习惯了每天早早起床。be used to do/for doing sth.被用来做, 被动语态结构, to后跟动词原形,for后跟动词ing.e.g.This knife is used to cut fruit.= This knife is used for cutting fruit.这把刀子被用来切水果。9.have / has an influence on . 对。有影响e.g.His first music teacher had a great influence on his piano care

38、er.他第一个音乐老师对他的钢琴生涯影响很大。10.take care of =look after 照顾; 照管e.g.我父母不在家, 我不得不照顾我的小妹妹。My parents are not at home and I have to look after/take care ofmy little sister.11.be absent from 缺席e.g.那个男孩没来开会是因为他生病了。The boy was absent from the meeting because he was ill.12.fail in(doing) sth.在（做） 某方面不成功 fail to d

39、o sth. 未能做某事e.g.He failed in the English exam./He failed in passing the English exam.他这次英语考试不及格。 He failed to pass the English exam.他没能通过这次英语考试。13.take pride in=be proud of 以。为豪e.g.She is a successful actress and her parents take pride in /are proud of her.她是一名成功的演员,父母为她骄傲。14.when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的; while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。e.g.It was midnight when we left the party.（leave是非延续性动词，不能用while代替）我们离开晚会使已是午夜。I like listening to music when I am running.（run是延续性动词，可用while代替）当我跑步时，我喜欢听音乐。当从句主句都是进行时时，只用while.e.g.It was raining hard while I was driving .（不能用when）当我开车时，天正在下雨。10