初中英语中考易错常用词汇（共24组）.doc

1、中考英语易错常用词汇1.a few/ few/ a little/ little1.a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;2.a few和a little表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义例:Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.There is little water left in glass.Will you pl

2、ease give me someDont worry, we have a little time left.2.above/over/on/upon 方位介词,“在之上”1.above 着重指:在上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思反义词为:below.例:The sun rose above the horizon.The aero plane flew above the clouds.2.over 表悬空上面,或铺在上面此时不能用above.代替含有垂直在上的意思反义词为under.例:Spread the tablecloth over the table.3.on 在上方,与表面相接触

3、例: The book is on the desk.There is an oil painting on the wall.4.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用3.accept/receive 1.accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的例:I accepted it without question.We have accepted his proposal.2.receive “接到收到受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关例:I received a letter from him.He received the present, b

4、ut he did not accept.注 在表示接待接见时,通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.如:We often receive foreign guests.我们经常接待外宾4.at hand/in hand1.at hand,在手边;在附近;即将到来例:When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand.在他写作的时候,他总是放一本字典在手边Spring is at hand.春天要来了2.in hand ,在手中的,现有的,在掌握中;在处理中例:I have 100 yuan in hand.我手里有一百元The

5、police immediately had the situation in hand.警察立刻掌握了局势5.accurate/exact/correct1.accurate ,准确精确”,不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象例:Clocks in railway stations must be accurate.火车站的钟必须准确The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确2.exact ,精确确切,强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错它这三个中语意最强例:His translation is exact to the lett

6、er.他的翻译翻译确切Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切3.correct,正确,指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的The thing turned out to be correct.事情结果是对的6.ache/pain1.ache,通常指一种持续的隐痛它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词例:Where is the ache? 哪里痛?I have a headache (stomachache, toothache atc).我头疼(胃疼,牙疼等)

7、2.pain 是普通用语不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦例:I feel a great deal of pain.我感到非常痛He cried with pain.他痛得直叫I have a pain in the arm.我手臂痛It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news.听到不幸的消息很悲痛7.across/through/ over1.across “横过穿过”,指从的一边到另一边含义与on有关例: I swam across the river.我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸) Lets help pus

8、h the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧2.through “穿过通过”指穿过两边是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头是从内部穿过,含义与in有关例: We walked through the forest.我们穿过森林The river flows through the city from west to east.这条河从西到东流过城市3.over“横过跨越”指横过道路河流等“细长物”时,与across通用over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用从房间原野海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用而常用across.例: Sh

9、e went across / over the bridge. He jumped across / over the stream.他跳过了小溪She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡They drove across the desert.他们驶过沙漠另外,over作介词还有“翻过”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山8.affair/matter/business1.affair “事事情事务”它的涵义最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情, 也可泛指事务(通常用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务)例:The ra

10、ilway accident was a terrible affair. 那次火车事故是件可怕的事 Thats my affair, not yours.那是我的事, 不是你的2.matter“事事情” 是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情例:This is a matter I know little about.这件事我不大知道 Ill ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人注:在口语中,be the matter 相当于 be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思如: Whats the matter? 怎么啦

11、?Whats the matter with you? 你怎么啦?3.business“生意商业”产普通用语它表“事情事务”时,往往指一种任务责任或必须去做的事此外,它有时还含有轻蔑的意味例: We dont do much business with them.我们跟他们没有多少生意来往 It is a teachers business to help his pupils. 帮助学生是教师的责任 He made it his business to fetch water for a granny.他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事 Its not your business.这不是你的事

12、9.afraid/ fear/ frightened.afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb.和 be afraid to do sth例: She is afraid of a snake.她害怕蛇 The little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that “恐怕”, 是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式 例:Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party.My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了我弟弟病了.f

13、ear “害怕”是动词,与be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)例: We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难 He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法 Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他.frightened adj “受惊吓的害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语例:She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹 A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭1

14、0.feel like / would like.feel like 与would like 意思很相近,但feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词构成:feel like (doing) sth.而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式例:I feel like (having) a drink.= I would like (to have) a drink.我想喝一杯 Do you feel like talking a walk.= Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步? I don

15、t feel like eating.我不想吃东西.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”例:It feels like silk.它摸起来像绸缎11.after/behind.after “在(时间)之后”;“在(地点)之后”,指次序如: He came after ten oclock.他十点以后来的 Two days after his arrival, I called on him.在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他Against comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在 again 之后.behind 表地点

16、时意为:在后面着重指位置的前后偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思 The garden is behind the house.花园在房子后面 He stood behind me.他站在我后面 The train was behind time.火车误点了 You are two hours behind.你迟了两个小时12.ago/before.ago adv.“以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用如: It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前 I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他.before adv

17、, prep & conj “以前”指从那时起若干时间以前通常与完成时过去时等连用还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而ago 则不能这样用He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她(表从她说话那时起两天前) I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好 Ive seen that film before.我之前看过这部电影 I never met him before.我之前总没见过他13.agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on).agree to “同意

18、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)如: Do you agree to this plan?你同意这个计划么? He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议 I agreed to his terms.我同意了他的条件.agree with “同意赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情还有“(气候食物等)适合”之意如: I quite agree with you.我很同意你 Do you agree with me ?你赞同我么? I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的 His words d

19、o not agree with his actions.他言行不一致 Too much meat doesnt agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适注:agree with 不能用于被动语态.agree on /upon “对取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议如:After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致注:此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如:

20、All of them agreed on / upon it.= All of them agreed in doing it.他们对做这个问题达成了共识14.at times / at all times / all the time.at times “不时;偶尔”如: The tide is , at times, very high.潮水有时涨得高I make mistakes at times when I speak English.我说英语偶尔会出错.at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是” 如:He has a cool head at all times.他随时都

21、有清醒的头脑.all the time “一直;始终” 其中time用单数形式如:The baby cries all the time.那婴儿一直哭15.aim/ purpose/ object.aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力如:Whats your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么?The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义.purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心如:It was done with a de

22、finite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在?.object “目的” 含有比较具体的意味往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的如: The object of my visit is to consult you.我访问的目的是来和你商量 What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的 何在?注:以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着16.alive/ livi

23、ng/ the living/ live.alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物可作表语,定语作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后如:They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活All the other comrades were killed in the battle.He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后也可作表语如:Every living person has a n

24、ame. 每个活着的人都有一个名字No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好.the living “活着的人”如:The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要.live adj.“活着的”读着laiv,反义词为 dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人还可以作动词,读着liv, 意为“生活”“生存”如:The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠 Pandas usually li

25、ve in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部.lively adj.laivli(livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物如:The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象17.all/ every.all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用如: A

26、ll Mondays are horrible.星期一总是可怕的 Every Monday is horrible.每个星期一都是可怕的.all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能它往往强调无一例外的意思-She is eaten all the biscuitsbiskit.What, every one? Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!.all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义如:She was here all

27、day.她在这呆了一整天18.all/ whole.二者意义(“全部都整个”)相同,然而词序不同.all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前 whole 则用于冠词之后如: all the time.the whole time.全部时间 all my life the whole life.我的一生 all this confusion this whole confusion.整个混乱状况.如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用可以说: The whole city was burning.但不能说: Whole London was burning.whole 和 al

28、l 与复数名词连用时意思不同Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如: All Indian tribes(traib部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America.所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃 Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了.whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词) 可以说:all the money 或all the wine不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine.The whole of = w

29、hole 与单数名词连用它用于冠词所有格之前the whole of the time.the whole of my lifethe whole of this confusion19.allow/ permit/ let/ promise.allow“允许许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味如: We allowed him to depart.我们允许他离去 Who allowed you to leave the camp?谁允许你离开营地的? I cant allow you to do that.我不能允许你做那件事allow 也可表客气的请求如 Will

30、 you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?.permit “允许许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味如: I will permit him to do so.我准备同意他这样做The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.当这群陌生人说出口令后,哨兵就允许他们通过了注:allow 与 permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着如: Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟

31、 Smoking is not permitted in this theatre.本戏院里禁止吸烟.let.“允许让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to 的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow通用且更具有口语色彩如: Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去 Dont let this happen again.不要让这种事发生了 Please let me know what happens.请告诉我发生些什么事.promise “答应” “允诺”与以上三个词的意义不同,用于主体答应自己要作什么的场合如:

32、He promised to begin at once.他答应立刻开始I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly.我答应(他)立即处理这件事 They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立即答复20.almost/ nearly.almost“差不多几乎”有very, nearly 的意思如: He has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作Almost no one took any rest.几乎没有一个人休息一下.nearly “差不多几乎将近”指一差距一般比a

33、lmost 大如: Its nearly five oclock.差不多五点钟了 Nearly everyone knows it.几乎每个人都知道这个Hes nearly ready.他快准备好了注:almost有时可与nearly通用,但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时,不用nearly如以上almost的例可以互换,但例则不能21.alone/ lonely.alone adj.“单独的”只能作表语如: Im alone but I dont fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独 此外alone 还可作副词相当于by oneself,“单独地”

34、“独自”Ill go there alone.我将独自去那儿.lonely adj.“孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同含有较浓的情感色彩既可作定语也可作表语如:Were together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.a lonely / deserted island22.aloud/ loud/ loudly.aloud adv.“出声地”有使能听得到的意味如:Please read the story aloud.请朗读这个故事They were shouting aloud.他们在

35、高声地呼喊.loud.adv “高声地大声地响亮地”常指在说笑等方面如:Dont talk so loud.不要如此高声地谈话Speak louder.说得大声点.loudly adv.“高声地”有时与loud 通用,但含有喧闹的意味如:Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门Dont talk so loudly(loud).不要如此高声地谈话23.already/ yet /still .already.adv.“已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”它多置于句中有时为了强调而置于句末如:

36、 Ive seen the film already.我已经看过电影了The train has already left.火车已经开走了 Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了?.yet adv “已经仍然还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末如: He hasnt found his bike yet.他还没有找到他的自行车.still adv “仍然还”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中如: Do you still teach in that school? 你还在那所学校教书?注:still在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同如: He i

37、s still(还)standing there.He is standing there still.(adj.不动的静止的)他站在那儿一动也不动24. also/ as well/ too/ either “也”.also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中;且用于肯定句中如: He also plays football. 他也踢足球 I was also there.我也在那儿.too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开,;用于肯定句中如: He is a worker, too.他也是一个工人 The two cows, too, are w

38、hite.那两头奶牛也全都是白的.as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末如:She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语,还教过我们数学He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家.either 用于否定句中,常置于句末在肯定句变否定句时,其中的also, too, as well都要改为either.Yesterday I didnt watch TV and I didnt see the film, either .昨天我没有看电视,也没有看电影11