(英语)高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.doc

1、（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? Youll help the environment and your guests wont go hungry. I used to work in school catering and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided

2、 to do something about it, said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini. Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling

3、 bins for animal food, explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan. But now other companies are developing edible plates, too. The Edible-Plate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and hom

4、e use. And theyre made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally. They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）. These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic; we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage

5、to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling re

6、gulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme, Me

7、anwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?（1）Which of the following is not the advantage of edible plates? A.They are expensive.B.They can degrade naturally.C.They are environmentally-friendly.D.They are made from natural plant.（2）Which of the following statements is true? A.Tiziano is from Germany.

8、B.Edible plates are only used for school catering.C.Corn and potato starch can be used to make cutlery.D.The Edible Plate Company doesnt produce edible bowls.（3）What does the underlined word this refer to? A.The air pollution.B.The edible cutlery.C.The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic.D.

9、The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.（4）What is the main idea of this passage? A.The measures to stop the pollution.B.The ways to reduce the plastic waste.C.How to make edible plates from natural plants. .D.The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D

10、【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And theyre made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edibl

11、e plates的优势。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in

12、 landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations.” 塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收

13、法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? Youll help the environment and your guests wont go hungry.可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归

14、纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old. Angela Perri of Durham University, UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh radiocarbon dating on the

15、two dog skeletons that gave this date, discovered in the prehistoric Koster site in Illinois, and found they were even older: around 10,100 years old. A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in th

16、e Americas. The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as they skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadnt been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. The Stilwell II dog, which probably resembled a small English sett

17、ler, was under what seemed to be the floor of a living area. It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia. By this time, people were already moving into North America from Siberia; there is evidence

18、some reached Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists have found signs of at least three waves of migration over the following millennia. There is no evidence that domestic dogs accompanied them. “We dont know if dogs were part of the first waves of immigration to the Americas says Luc Janssens of Ghent

19、University in Belgium. It could be so, but no archaeological bones have yet been found. It is overwhelmingly probable that some of the early settlers did bring dogs to the Americas, but they may not have had the time or the spiritual compulsion to bury them, says Pat Shipman of Pennsylvania State Un

20、iversity.（1）How old is the oldest known domestic dog in the Americas7 A.About 9500 years.B.About 10,100 years.C.10,190 years.D.18,500 years.（2）The underlined word butchered in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by. A.killedB.boughtC.trainedD.raised（3）What is the attitude towards when tame dogs a

21、rrived in the Americas in the last three paragraphs? A.Undoubted.B.Unsure.C.Indifferent.D.Unconfident.（4）What is the main topic of this passage? A.The earliest domestic dog in the Americas.B.The first dog arriving in the Americas.C.How dogs were domesticated in the Americas.D.When the oldest dog was

22、 found in the Americas.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大概一万年以前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗的种类。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故选C。（2）考查词义猜测。

23、根据第二段中的“The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as they skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadnt been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. ”研究小组得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没有被宰杀作为食物。他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们

24、是被主人重视的。关键词buried，可知划线词的意思是“杀死”，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia.”可知，对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of N

25、orth America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of

26、 an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted (分心) with telephone calls, social media or text messages. Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number

27、 of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the states roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident. The New South Wales government plans to place 45 Mobile Phone Detection Cameras across the state by December. Each ph

28、one detection unit contains two cameras. One camera takes pictures of a vehicles registration plate (牌照). A second camera looks through the front window of a car or truck to see what drivers are doing with their hands. The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching t

29、heir phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicles registered owner. A violation (违反) carries fine of $232. Some cameras will be permanently set up on roadsides. Others will be moved, from time to time, around the state. Two fixed camer

30、as took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six-month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100,000 drivers with their hands on phones. One driver was using a phone and another electronic device, an Apple iPad, at the same time. Another driver had a passenger guid

31、e the vehicle while they both held phones, the state government said.（1）What is the real purpose to set up cameras in New South Wale? A.To keep records of the accidents.B.To promote the latest technology.C.To find illegal behavior of the drivers.D.To force drivers to focus more on driving.（2）What ca

32、n we infer from the road safety experts? A.Smart-phones are main killers on the road.B.All accidents result from drivers using cell-phones.C.Measures are badly needed to ban using phones while driving.D.Carrying a smart-phone while driving will cause an accident.（3）How does the phone detection unit

33、function effectively? A.It corrects the drivers wrong behavior.B.It has two cameras to record the plates.C.It sends a notice to the legal diver autonomously.D.It combines artificial intelligence with humans efforts.（4）What did a six-month test show? A.Electronic devices could help divers indeed.B.Ma

34、ry passenger helped operate the vehicles.C.Many drivers used electronic devices while driving.D.It was common to be busy with two wireless devices.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“New South Wales, Austr

35、alia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted （分心） with telephone calls, social media or text messages.”澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减

36、少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。所以判断出，新南威尔士设置摄像头的真正目的是迫使司机更专注于驾驶。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the states roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase

37、 their chances of being involved in an accident.”可知道路安全专家对越来越多的司机在州内道路上使用智能手机的事故表示关注。他们说，司机在开车时使用手机，大大增加了发生事故的可能性。所以判断出，道路安全专家认为急需采取措施禁止开车时使用手机。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictur

38、es show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicles registered owner.”可知这些装置使用人工智能技术，将不接触手机的司机隔离开来。然后，在通知车主之前，由人类确认照片上是否有违法行为。因此，手机检测装置是把人工智能和人类的努力结合起来。故选D。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Two fixed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a sixmonth test earlier this year. The came

39、ras took photos of more than 100，000 drivers with their hands on phones.”可知今年早些时候，作为为期6个月的测试的一部分，两个固定摄像头拍摄了850万辆汽车的照片。这些摄像头拍摄了10万多名驾驶员的手拿着手机的照片。 所以，六个月的测试显示了许多司机在开车时使用电子设备。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 The Wall Street Journal recently published an

40、excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common house plant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is

41、an economical artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So its been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty putted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home? Thats the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing

42、that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span (范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure ho to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk through the park can clea

43、r ones head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants? To test their theory, the studys authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a mom with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series

44、 of tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the Last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from rending and memorizing at one moment to writing and recalling at the next. N

45、ext came a proofreading task fallowed by another Reading Span Test. The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of worki

46、ng among plants is indeed evident.（1）What do we know from the first paragraph? A.Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.B.Houseplants can Function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.C.Planting polled flowers as decorations is very interesting.D.Air purifiers are the most effective to c

47、reate a healthy home.（2）What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to? A.Focus ones attention.B.Disturb ones attention.C.weaken ones attention.D.Turn ones attention away.（3）What does the test prove? A.Working in nature helps increase productivity.B.Houseplants will be in great demand