[译林版]7B-U4语法知识点梳理.doc

1、7B U4语法知识点梳理一、重要句型1、I think we have to go up again. 我想我们不得不再上去。have to 意为“必须，不得不”，否定形式为dont(doesnt) have to,疑问形式为“Do(does)have to ?”。如：We have to finish the work before having supper. 我们必须在吃晚饭前完成这项工作。I dont have to practice the piano on Sunday. 我不必在周日练钢琴。Do you have to practice the piano on Sunday?

2、你不得不在周日练钢琴吗？Yes, I do./No, I dont. 是的，必须。/不，不必要。2、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine middle school. 阳光动物园在阳光中学的北面。“A + be + 方位词 + of + B”结构用于描述A地在B在的某个方向。如：The park ids west of my home. 公园就在我家的西边。注意：此种结构中方位词前不加the,而在“in/on/to the + 方位词 + of”中，却要加the。如：China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲的东部。3、They lik

3、e to eat bamboo and lie down all day long. 它们喜欢吃竹子，整天躺着。（1）lie 为不及物动词，意思中“平躺”、“位于”、“说谎”。例如：After supper he likes lying on his chair. 吃过晚饭他喜欢躺在椅子上。Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国的东南。We dont like a person who often lies. 我们不喜欢经常说谎的人。注意：lie的现代分词是lying。（2）all day long的意思是“整天”，亦可以说all day a

4、round。类似的还有all year long/around（全年）。例如：Its not too hot or cold in Kunming al year long. 昆明全年既不太热也不太冷。4、Go straight on, and youll find the Panda House. 一直往前走，你就将看到熊猫馆。（1）go on 表示“继续（说/做）下去”。常用结构为：go on doing继续做（未做完的事，中间无间断）；go on to do 接着做（做完某事，接着干另外一件事）。如：Go on writing, please. 请继续写下去。We have finish

5、ed Unit 5. Lets go on to learn Unit 6. 我们已经学完了第5单元，让我们继续学习第6单元。（2）straight 用作副词，意为“径直；直接地”。如：They stood straight. 他们站得笔直。Walk straight on and youll see the traffic lights. 一直走你将看到红绿灯。Go straight down the road, youll find the post office. 沿着这条路一直向前，你会找到邮局。5、Walk along the road. 沿着这条路走。（1）along 用作介词，意

6、为“沿着；顺着”，相当于down。 如：The train station is along that road, on the left. 火车站在那条路的左边。Walk along the road and take the third turning on the right.沿着公路走，在第三个转变处向右拐。（2）along 用作副词，意为“向前”，常与表示运动的动词 go, come, move等连用，表示向前移动。如：Come straight along here. 直接到这儿来。Come along. 来吧，跟我来吧。6、Remember that theyre dangero

7、us. 记住它们是危险的。（1）remember动词，意为“记得、记住”，反义词是forget。后面可接名词和代词或从句。如：Do you remember her? 你还记得她吗？Did the girl remember you name? 那个女孩还记得你的名字吗？（2）remember to do sth意为“记得去做某事”，该事没有做；remember doing sth意为“记得曾做过某事”，该事已经做了。如：Remember to turn off the lights when you leave. 当你离开时要记得关好灯。I remember telling you abou

8、t this. 我记得告诉过你那件事。7、Cross the bridge, and youll see the elephants. 过桥，你就会看到大象。（1）本句属于“祈使句 + and + 简单句”的句型。它可以转成含有if条件状语从句的复合句。本句if you cross the bridge, youll see the elephants. 如：Work hard, and you will pass the exam. = if you work hard, youll pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就会考试及格。（2）cross作动词，意为“越过；穿过；渡过”

9、。如：Its dangerous to cross the street when the traffic can go.当车辆能够通行时，穿越马路是很危险的。（3）cross用作动词，还可意为“使交叉；使相交”。如：The street crosses the railroad tracks. 这条街与铁轨相交。8、The sign is over the bench. 指示牌在长椅的上面。（1）above用作介词，意为“在之上”。如：The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime. 白天的温度将保持在零度以上。It weights a

10、bove 10 tons. 这东西有10吨多重。Mr white is above eighty. 怀特先生80多岁了。（2）above用作副词，意为“在上方”。如：Her bedroom is just above. 她的卧室就在上面。9、Take the second turning on the right. 在第二个拐角处右拐。本句中的“take + the + 序数词 + turning on the left/right”意为“在第个拐弯处向左/右拐”，其同义结构为“turn left/right + at + the + 序数词 + turning”。如：Walk/Go alon

11、g the street, take the second turning on the left. =Walk along the street, turn left at the second turning. 沿着这条街往前走，在第二个拐弯处向左拐。10、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.我们的父母将为我们准备足够的食品和饮料。（1）prepare作动词，意为“准备；预备”。常用短语有：prepare for sth为做好准备；prepare sth (for sb)(为某人)准备某事；prepare to

12、do sth准备做某事；prepare sth准备(好)。如：We must prepare the room for the meeting. 我们必须为会议准备好房间。（2）plenty作名词，意为“丰富，大量，充分”，它是不可数名词，只用于肯定句中。如：Would you like some more? 再来点儿吗？No, thanks, I have had plenty. 谢谢，不要了，足够了。拓展plenty of 意为“大量，足够”，前面没有不定冠词，它既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：Theres plenty of time/money. 有充足的钱。There ar

13、e plenty of books. 有充足的书。二、核心语法I冠词的用法冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的意思。冠词分定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。a, an是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前，如：a dog, a bottle; an用在元音音素之前，如: an egg, an apple等。The是定冠词，可用在单数或复数名词前。（1）不定冠词的用法用法例词或例句用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一类Jim is a boy. Give me an apple, please.指某人或某物，但不具体说明是某一人或某一物A girl will come tomor

14、row.表示“一”这个概念，但数的概念不那么强烈They are going to have a Chinese lesson. 用于某些固定的短语中a lot of, a number of, a few, a little（2）定冠词的用法用法例词或例句1、指双方都知道的人和物Do you know the man in white? 你认识那个穿白衣服的人吗？2、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。3、指上文已提到过的人或物There is a chair by the window. On the chair

15、there are some books. 窗旁有一张椅子，椅子上有一些书。4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转。5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前Jim is the tallest in his class. 吉姆是班上最高的。6、且在乐器名词前Miss Green plays the piano very well. 格林小姐钢琴弹得很好。7、用于普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall长城，the United States联合国8、用在一些习惯用语中in the morning/afternoon/ev

16、ening 在早晨/下午/晚上，the day after tomorrow后天，by the way顺便问一下（3）不用冠词的情况用法例词或例句在专有名词前China, England, Class One, Grade One, Mike名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词There are some books on the desk.Is that bag your?复数名词表示一类人或事物时Both my uncle and my father are workers.My parents all like cats.在星期、月份、

17、季节、节日前March 8th is Womens Day in chain.在称呼或表示头衔的名词前Will Mr Green come today?在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前Its time to have lunch.Lets go and play football.在某些固定词组中go to school, at home, go to college, in time等的名词前面不用冠词II方位介词的用法介词通常用于名词、代词或名词词组之前，表示事物之间的关系，方位介词属于其中的一种，用来表示方位和地点。常见的方位的介词有：at, in ,above, below, over, u

18、nder, on, in front of, behind, beside, next to, between, among, opposite等。下面我们分别来学习它们的用法：（1）at, in作为方位介词，at后面通常加小地方，in后面通常加大地方。如：He arrives at school at seven every day. 他每天七点钟到达学校。（2）above, below, over, under, on above和over表示“在上面”，通常没有接触面；它们的反义词分别是below和under,都表示“在”on是指在某物体的上面，一般有接触面。如：There is a w

19、ooden bridge over the swimming pool. 游泳池上有一座木桥。My football is under the bed. 我的足球在床底下。（3）in front of, behindIn front of是指“在前面”，behind是指“在后面”。如：Jim sits in front of her. 吉姆坐在她的前面。（4）beside, next to 这两个单词都表示“在附近，在旁边”，用法相同。如：Would you like to sit beside/next to me? 你愿意坐在我的边上吗？（5）between, amongbetween和among都表示“在之间”，但between指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上的之间。如：I found this dictionary among these books. 我在这些书之中找到了这本词典。