[原创]译林牛津版八年级上语法知识点合集总纲.docx

1、译林牛津八年级上语法知识点大全弄会这些语法知识点，期末考试基本过关I.形容词/副词 比较级与最高级定义两者比较，要用比较级，通常than引出比较的对象；三者及三者以上比较用最高级，此时通常会有比较的范围或者群体。构成规则变化不规则变化精华提点1.A.than B的句型than是比较级的标志词，也是单选题和单词拼写题的字眼。Jack is _than Tom.A .tall B. taller C.the taller D.the tallestNow I have_(多）homework than before.2.of the two的结构中形容词的比较级前须要有定冠词the.He is t

2、he shorter of the two.3.形容词比较级前用不定冠词表示类指，翻译成“一个.”。-How do you like the movie we saw yesterday?-Wonderful.I have never seen a better movie than this one.4.any other+名词单数与 any+名词单数的区别any other+名词单数 表示比较的两个对象在同一个范围，此时可以用the other+名词复数和the rest of+名词复数替换。Suzhou is larger than any other city in Jiangsu.=

3、Suzhou is larger than the other cities in Jiangsu.=Suzhou is largerthan the rest of the cities in Jiangsu.any+名词单数表示比较的对象不再同一个范围内。China is bigger than any country in Africa.Shanghai is more beautiful than any city in Japan.5.one of +adj(est)+名词复数China is one of the most beautiful countries in the wo

4、rld.6.形容词比较级前的修饰语a little / a bit / a little bit / any / no/ far / by far/ even/ much/even和much只可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。The weather in Suzhou is even_(热）.This time I did much_(差）in sports.误区指引I think Suzhou is _than Guangzhou.A.more cold B.much colder C.more colder D.much more cold2. China is_than Japan.A.mu

5、ch beautiful B.much more beautiful C.more beautifuler D.more much beautiful7.指示代词在比较级中的考点The weather in Beijing is better than that in Tianjin.The book on the desk is much more interesting than that/the one in the drawer.The goods in this shop are cheaper than those/the ones in Zhangs shop.当名词有后置定语修

6、饰，为了避免重复，需要借助代词代替已经出现的名词。指代可数名词单数用that/the one;指代可数名词复数用those/the ones；指代不可数名词只用that。但是当名词有前置定语，那么只能用one/ones.The red pen writes better than the blue one.8.the+比较级+句子 , the+比较级+句子 越.越.The harder you study,the better grades you will get.The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.9.as a

7、dj/adv(原级）+as. 和.一样在否定句第一个as可以换成so,否定句翻译成 不如.He is as careful as Jack.I can play the piano as well as Tom.I couldnt speak French so fluently as native speakers.10.less adj/adv(原级）+than. 不如.He is less careful than Tom.11.倍数的表达法一倍是once,两倍是twice,三倍及以上是数词+times倍数+as +原级 +as My school is three times as l

8、arge as yours.倍数+比较级+thanMy school is three times bigger than yours.倍数+the size/area/width/length/height/weight等+ofThis door is three times the width of that door.12. 序数词修饰形容词最高级China is the third largest country in the world.II.反身代词反身代词反身代词在句中通常充当同位语，宾语和表语。I feel not quite myself. 表语You should beli

9、eve in yourself. 宾语The tree itself cant move. 同位语尤其要注意此处反身代词的用法。反身代词的词组by oneself= on ones own =aloneteach oneself=learn sth by oneselfHelp oneself to. 自便于.III：祈使句定义以动词原形开头的句子称之为祈使句，传达一种命令、要求、建议、警告的语气，其否定是在其前直接加dont.Come in,please.Dont speak.Dont be late again.祈使句的反义疑问句一般情况下祈使句的反义疑问句为will you,肯定的祈使句

10、也可以为wont you.Open the door,will you/wont you?Dont talk loudly,will you?特殊的反义疑问句Lets play football,shall we?Let us play football,will you?IV：提建议的句型You should see a doctor at once.Youd better see a doctor at once.Youd better not stay at home all day.Shall we see a movie tomorrow?Lets (Let us) see a mo

11、vie.Why not climb the hill?Why dont you join us?How/What about playing soccer?Would you like to eat lunch with me?Will/Would you please come to my home for a party?V. 情态动词表推测与动词不定式做宾语I.情态动词表推测must（一定），表示肯定的推测。The book belong to Jack,because his name is on the cover.can表示推测，多用于疑问句和否定句。偶尔用于肯定句，表示潜在的可能

12、性，理论上的可能性，实际可能并未发生，翻译成“有时会”。Someone is knocking on the door?Who can it be?-Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.-It cant be Mary.I saw her leave here just now.It can be cold in Guangdong Province when winter comes.may/might表示推测,翻译成“或许”，可能性不大，用于肯定句和否定句。-Can you come to my party tomorrow?-I may

13、go,but Im not sure.VI:动词不定式to+V原形属于非谓语动词的一种，无人称和数的变化。在句中几乎可以充当除了谓语以外的任何成分。其否定是在其前直接加not.To play soccer is my hobby. 主语My dream is to be a scientist. 表语I am always the first one to get to school. 定语I decide to go to Shanghai tomorrow. 宾语有些动词后通常只加不定式做宾语agree/decide/hope/wish/plan/learn/want/need/fail等

14、I told him not to stay up too late. 宾补这类动词还有：ask/wish/allow/want/need/invite/get等。：make/let/have其后接不定式做宾补，要省略to。My mother often makes me to study hard.I hurried to the bus stop only to find all the buses had been away. 结果状语To be frank,you are kind of cute. 评论性状语To catch the first bus,I got up earlie

15、r than usual this morning. 目的状语动词不定式做目的状语以及其加强式to+V原形/in order to+V原形/so as to+V原形 表示为了.注意：so as to不能位于句首To catch the first bus,I had to get up early this morning.I will go to Suzhou in order to see the Gardens.I study hard so as to enter a good university in the future.扩展so that/in order that +句子引导

16、目的状语从句，从句谓语动词通常由can/could+V构成。I had to get up early this morning so that/in order that I could catch the first bus.VII 简单句的五种基本句型1. 主谓 S+V He is laughing.2. 主谓宾 S+V+O I need a book.3. 主系表 S+V+P These flowers look beautiful4. 主谓双宾 S+V+IO+DO I gave her a pen just now5. 主谓宾宾补 S+V+IO+OC I often hear a b

17、ird sing in my neighborhood.理论分析产生简单句不同句型的原因主要是由于动词的意义不同而导致的句型结构上的差异。英语中的动词主要分为以下五种，上面1 2 4 5都是由实意动词产生的句型，句型3是系动词产生的句型。实意动词有具体含义的一类动词，又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词可以直接+宾语，不及物动词不可以加宾语。英语大部分实意动词既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词及物动词：like /want不及物动词：apologize/arriveI arrived just now.I like English.（连）连系动词是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用

18、作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。be动词是使用最广泛最普遍的一类系动词。Keep/stay/look/soundSmell/feel/get/become/go，etcThe music sounds good.The book is on the desk.情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。can/could/may/might/must/should/will/shall,etcI can play the piano well.

19、You should see a doctor at once.助动词协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词，也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词用来构成时态和语态以及否定句和疑问句do/does/did/will,be,etcI dont like English.I am watching TV.The bridge was built ten years ago.代动词代替已经出现的动作，避免重复Do/does/did,etc-Who cleaned the classroom?-Jack did.VIII. 过去进行时1. 定义表示过去某个时刻正在做某事 I was playing

20、 soccer at 4 p.m yesterday.表示过去某个阶段正在做某事 She was watching TV from 1 to 4 p.m yesterday.表以过去某个时刻为起点的将来（过去将来）Last Tuesday Jack said he was leaving for Shanghai.2. 构成主语+be(was/were)+doing +其他3. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语this morning /at this time yesterday/at that time/at that moment/from nine to ten last nightwhen

21、/while引起的时间状语从句,etc.4 when/while/aswhen/while/aswhen:当.时候。从句的动作既可以发生在主句之前，也可以发生在主句之后，也可以同时发生。其从句的谓语动词既可以为短暂性动词也可以为延续性动词。When I came in,all the students were talking loudly.When she was watching TV,her mother came home.When I arrived at the bus stop,all the buses had gone.while:在.期间。从句的动作与主句必须同时发生。从句

22、的谓语动词只能为延续性动词和表示状态的系表结构。还可以表示主从句同时进行，都用进行时。She telephoned me while I was watching football matches on TV.While I am away,please help me look after my goldfish.He was cooking in the kitchen while his brother was reading magazines on the sofa.as:当.时候；伴随.；一边.，一边.。as大部分情况下可以与when/while互换。但是as从句的谓语动词不可以为表示情感状态（不用于进行时）的动词。并且表示两个动作同时进行，也用while,不用as。另外，表示伴随.或者一边.来描述事情发生背景的时候，此时时间观念不是那么明显的时候只用as.As he woke up,it was eight oclock.I saw a car accident as I was riding to school.As time goes by,I gradually forget the pain I ever had.The girl sang as she walked home.