CATTI翻译二级试题讲解.doc

1、前英格兰队队长贝克汉姆将在季末退役。38岁的小贝在今年1月与巴黎圣日耳曼签订了五个月的合同，并将自己的薪资全部捐给了慈善机构。Beckham made 115 appearances for England and 394 for Manchester United, winning six Premier League titles and the Champions League.小贝代表英格兰队出场115次，代表曼联俱乐部出场394次，六次获得英超联赛和欧冠联赛冠军。Here, in his statement released today, Beckham talks about hi

2、s decision to retire from playing.在他今天发布的声明中，小贝说明了他退役的决定。Im thankful to PSG for giving me the opportunity to continue but I feel now is the right time to finish my career, playing at the highest level.“我非常感谢巴黎圣日耳曼给我继续征战绿茵场的机会，但是我觉得现在是结束我职业生涯的最佳时机，在最高水平的联赛当中。”If you had told me as a young boy I would

3、 have played for and won trophies with my boyhood club Manchester United, proudly captained and played for my country over one hundred times and lined up for some of the biggest clubs in the world, I would have told you it was a fantasy. Im fortunate to have realised those dreams.“如果在我年轻的时候，你告诉我，我会在

4、曼联俱乐部效力并且赢得无数的奖杯；同时代表英格兰出战超过百场并且成为队长；效力世界许多伟大的俱乐部，我会回答你，那只是一个幻想。但我很幸运的实现了这些幻想。”To this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared

5、 passionately about their country. Im honoured to represent England both on and off the pitch.“直到这一天，我最骄傲的成就是成为英格兰队的队长。我知道当我每一次穿上三狮军团的战袍，我不仅仅是一名球员，我代表的是关心着英格兰的每一个球迷。我很荣幸能够成为英格兰队的代表，无论是场内还是场外。”I wouldnt have achieved what I have done today without my family. Im grateful for my parents sacrifice, whic

6、h made me realise my dreams. I owe everything to Victoria and the kids, who have given me the inspiration and support to play at the highest level for such a long period. I also want to thank Simon Fuller and his team for their continued support.“如果没有我的家人，我不会实现今天的成就和梦想。我感谢我的父母，为我所做出的一切，是他们让我实现了现在的成就

7、。我更感谢维多利亚和我的孩子们，是他们一直给予我支持，让我在这么长的时间内有高水平的发挥。我也更感谢西蒙-福勒和他的团队给予我的鼓励。”I want to thank all my team-mates, the great managers that I had the pleasure of learning from. I also want to thank the fans who have all supported me and given me the strength to succeed.“我要感谢我所有的队友，以及所有的主教练，我很荣幸可以从他们身上学到很多。我也要向球迷

8、表达由衷的感谢，他们都支持我给予我巨大的动力。”Nothing will ever completely replace playing the game I love, however I feel like Im starting a new adventure and Im genuinely excited about what lies ahead. Im fortunate to have been given many opportunities throughout my career and now I feel its my time to give back.任何事情都不

9、能取代我对比赛的热爱，然而现在我将开始一个新的冒险。想到我新的未来，我十分兴奋。在我的职业生涯中我很幸运，现在的我是时候回到生活当中了。”The midfielder made his England debut against Moldova in 1996 and captained the side from 2000 to 2006, making his 115th and final England appearance in a 3-0 win over Belarus in 2009.这位中场球员于1996年在英格兰对摩尔多瓦的比赛中代表英格兰队初次露面，随后的2000年到20

10、06年出任英格兰队队长，而第115次代表英格兰队出征是在2009年3比0胜白俄罗斯，这也是他的最后一次代表英格兰队出战。Including PSGs recent Ligue 1 title win, Beckham has won 19 trophies - 10 of them league titles - in a playing career spanning 20 years, and is the only English player to win championships in four countries.包括巴黎圣日耳曼最近一次在法甲联赛中的胜利，贝克汉姆在他长达20年

11、的足球生涯中一共赢得了19次奖杯其中10次是以队长的身份，而且他也是唯一一位在四个国家获过冠军的英国球员。-蘭亭集序It is the ninth year of Yonghe (A.C.353), also known as the year of Guichou in terms of the Chinese lunar calendar.On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which is located in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, for

12、dispelling bad luck and praying for good fortune.The attendees of the gathering are all virtuous intellectuals, varying from young to old. Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook eng

13、irdled, which can thereby serve the guests by floating the wine glasses on top for their drinking. Seated by the bank of brook, people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instrume

14、nts.永和九年，岁在癸(gu）丑。暮春之初，会于会(kui)稽山阴之兰亭，修禊(x)事也。群贤毕至，少长(zhng)咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右,引以为流觞(shng)曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。It is such a wonderful day, with fresh air and mild breeze.Facing upwards to the blue sky, we behold the vast immensity of the universe; when bowing our heads towards the g

15、round, we again satisfy ourselves with the diversity of species.Thereby we can refresh our views and let free our souls, with luxuriant satisfaction done to both ears and eyes. How infinite the cheer is!是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅。 仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛。所以游目骋(chng)怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。People keep coming and going, and life soo

16、n rushes to its end. Some people prefer to share their proud aspiration and lofty goals with close friends indoors, while some others choose to follow their interest and free their minds wherever and whenever they like. May characters vary from person to person, or some would rather stay peaceful wh

17、ile others like to live restlessly, they will all become delighted and satisfied once they meet something pleasant, so cheerful that they get unaware of their imminent old age.However, when they get tired of their old fancies that theyve already experienced, and sentiment correspondingly accompanies

18、 the change of situation, all sorts of complicated feelings will well up in the heart, too. Isnt it thought-provoking that the happiness we used to enjoy passes by without leaving a single trace, let alone that the length of life is subject to the fate, and death is inevitable for anybody in the end

19、? Just as some ancient man once put it, “Death also deserves our attention, like what life does.”, so how can we restrain ourselves from grieving?夫(f)人之相与，俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内；或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣(q)舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，不知老之将至；及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀，况修短随化，终期于尽！古人云：“死生亦大矣”，岂不痛哉！Every

20、time I ponder about the reasons why our predecessors would produce works with such inenarrable emotions, I find there seem some similarities between our minds. Yet I cannot help lamenting their literary masterpieces while I am struggling for the very cause in my innermost world. Now I come to realiz

21、e that it has been ridiculous for me to equate death with life, long life with short life . The descendents view us just the way we look at our predecessors, and how woeful it is! Hence I write down all the names of the attendees and put their poetry into record. Conditions may go with the changes o

22、f time, but peoples emotions shall stay the same. I believe the following readers will still have much to mediate about life and death when appreciating this poetry anthology.每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼(ji do)，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇(shng)为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，悲夫！故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。-1. Dont mak

23、e excuses不要找借口Sometimes you might find yourself in the midst of an unfair situation. In such a situation, its easy to make excuses and most people do. But winners are different. They dont make excuses or blame the situation. Instead, they focus on what they can do to get the most out of it.有时候你会发现自己

24、受到不公正待遇。在这种情况下，一般都会很容易找到借口而且大多数人也是这么做的。但是成功者不一样。他们不会寻找理由或责怪形势。相反，他们会集中精力在糟糕的环境下获得最好结果。2. Be comfortable being uncomfortable对挑战随遇而安Like it or not, growing in life often means moving out of your comfort zone. Why? Because in order to grow you need to expand your personal capacity and that requires you

25、 to take on new challenges. For that reason, you need to be comfortable being uncomfortable. Only then can you do the things that are necessary for your personal growth.无论喜不喜欢，获得成长经常需要你走出舒适区。为什么呢？因为成长需要你拓宽潜在能力，那就意味着要承担新挑战。因为这样，你需要对挑战随遇而安，只有这样才能让你完成提升能力的事。3. Have a strong desire to perform and excel尽

26、全力表现，追求卓越For the winners, simply meeting the standard is not enough. Their goal is exceptional performance. Whatever it is you are doing, strive to become the best that you can be.对成功者来说，达到标准并不够。他们的目标是有出类拔萃的表现。不管你在做什么，都努力发挥到最好。4. Focus; one step at a time专一；一次一步To get things done, you need focus. Bu

27、t its difficult to do that if you look at the whole thing. So you should instead focus on just the current small step that you are in.完成事情需要专心。但是当你纵观全局时往往很难做到这一点。所以你应该只关注手头上正在做的事情。5. Dont dwell on past mistakes不要沉浸在过去的错误中Winners make mistakes just like other people, but what makes them different is

28、their attitude toward mistakes. They dont dwell on them nor let them hinder their actions. Instead, they learn their lessons, block the negative thoughts, and move on.成功者也和其他人一样犯错误，但对待错误的态度和他们不同。他们不会迷失其中或让错误阻碍他们的行动。相反的是，他们从错误中学习，排除消极想法，并继续向前。6. Know your window of opportunity审时度势，认清机会Whatever it is

29、you are trying to accomplish, you should be aware of its window of opportunity. Something that looks promising today might become worthless a few months from now. By knowing the window of opportunity, you can use your resources wisely.不管你想达成什么目标，你应该认清机会在哪里。今天看上去有前途的事情几个月后或许一文不值。当知道机会在哪里时，你可以更明智的利用资源

30、。7. Adapt适应环境The world is changing and changing fast. So if you want to thrive, you must be able to adapt. Some people insist on doing things the old way, but winners know that they need to change. They are willing to adopt a new way of doing things.世界正在飞速变化，所以如果你想闯出一片天，你要学会适应环境。有些人坚持用旧方法处理事物，但是成功者知

31、道他们需要改变。他们会用新方法做事。8. Be humble谦虚Many people want to take credit for themselves, but winners know that they cant achieve things by themselves. They also realize that there are others out there who can do what they do. So instead of bragging about their achievements, they stay humble.很多人想往自己脸上贴金，但是成功者

32、知道他们只靠自己是完不成事情的。他们明白很多人也能胜任他们的工作，所以会很谦虚，而不是夸耀他们的成就。9. Master throttle control把握事情节奏Winners know when to wait and when to act. When they need to wait, they wait patiently. When they need to act, they act decisively. They know how to read the situation.成功者知道何时等待和行动。当需要等时机时，他们会耐心等待。当需要行动时，他们毫不犹豫。他们知道如何

33、判断时机好坏。10. Prepare for contingencies准备好应对偶发事件Winners prepare themselves for bad situations. They know that things could go wrong so they prepare themselves beforehand. Do you have a plan B for your career? Have you built an emergency fund? Good preparation helps you recover quickly when things go wr

34、ong.成功者会为坏情况做打算。他们知道事情可能会变糟糕，所以会提前准备。你对自己的职业生涯有备选计划吗？你有紧急调用资金吗？充分的准备会帮助你在不利的情况下迅速恢复元气。-翻译工作者宪章 本宪章于1963年9月在杜布罗夫尼克（南斯拉夫）召开的国际翻译工作者联合会（国际译联）第四次代表大会上通过。当时参加国际译联的有23个国家的翻译工作者团体。 国际翻译工作者联合会认为，翻译工作在当代世界被看作是一种经常、普遍和必不可少的活动形式；翻译工作能够使各国人民进行精神与物质上的交流，丰富各国人民的生活，促进人们之间的了解；尽管从事翻译工作的环境各有不同，但当前必须把翻译工作看作是一种固定、独立的职业

35、。 希望以正式文件的形式，阐明与翻译工作者的职业密切相关的几项共同原则，以便着重指出翻译工作的社会职能，明确翻译工作者的权利和义务，奠定翻译工作者道德规范的基础，改善翻译工作者从事翻译工作的经济条件与社会环境，为翻译工作者及其职业团体提供某些活动方针，借以肯定翻译工作是一种固定、独立的职业。 有鉴于此，国际翻译工作者联合会特公布本宪章，作为翻译工作者从事翻译活动的指针。 第一章 翻译工作者的义务 1、翻译工作作为一种脑力劳动其目的是将文学、科学方面的材料从一种语言译成另一种语言，从事这一工作的人承担着由该工作性质产生的特殊义务。 2、不管翻译工作者与使用译文的个人和机关建立的是什么关系或合同，

36、译文概由翻译工作者负责。 3、凡是翻译工作者不同意的或与翻译工作者业务职责相抵触的对原文的解释，翻译工作者应该加以拒绝。 4、任何译文都应忠实于原意，准确表达原文的思想和形式，遵守这种忠实的原则是翻译工作者法律上与道德上的义务。 5、然而，正确的译文不应同逐字翻译混为一谈，因为翻译的忠实并不排除文字上的必要改变，以便使人能够用另一种语言在另一个国家体会到原作的形式、气氛及其内在含意。 6、翻译工作者应通晓原文，更重要的是要精通用来进行翻译的语言。 7、翻译工作者应该知识广博，对所译对象应有足够了解，对不熟悉的工作不予承担。 8、翻译工作者在职业活动中应该不作任何不诚实的竞争；翻译工作者不能接受

37、低于法律专门决议、习惯或者他所在的职业团体明文规定的报酬。 9、翻译工作者不应该在有损于个人或职业尊严的条件下去寻找或接受工作。 10、翻译工作者应该尊重使用译文的个人和机关的合法利益，应将所有在从事委托给他的翻译工作时可能得到的资料视为职业秘密。 11、翻译工作者作为再创造的作者，对原作者负有特殊义务。 12、翻译工作者未经原著作者或原著所有者的允许，不得翻译该项著作，同时也应该尊重作者其他各项权利。 第二章翻译工作者的权利 13、每个翻译工作者对其译著享有所在国给予其他脑力劳动者所享有的一切权利。 14、译著是脑力劳动成果，受有关规定的法律保护。 15、翻译工作者对其译著享有著作权，从而享

38、有与原著作者同样的优惠权益。 16、翻译工作者对其译著享有与作者同样的一切道义上的权利与遗产转让的权利。 17、翻译工作者生前享有确认本人为其译著作者的权利，其中包括： 甲） 公开利用译者的译文时应该明确、清楚地提到译者的姓名； 乙） 译者有权反对任何歪曲、删减或改动其译文的行为； 丙） 出版者或其他利用译文的人，事先未经译者同意，不得对译文进行任何改动； 丁） 译者有权禁止非法利用其译文的一切行为，有权反对损害译者荣誉或声望的任何活动。 18、翻译工作者在允许别人发表、演出、广播、翻译、改写、修改其译文及其他以任何形式利用其译文方面，享有特殊的决定权。 19、翻译工作者对公开使用其译文有权获

39、得法律或合同规定的报酬。 第三章 翻译工作者的经济地位和社会地位 20、翻译工作者有权获得能使他切实完成其所负社会任务的生活条件。 21、翻译工作者有权从其译著的成果中获得利益，有权从其译著的商务利润中按比例获得报酬。 22、翻译工作者也可以一次预订的方式进行；在这种情况下，不论其译著所得商业利润如何，译者都有权获得报酬。 23、翻译工作这项职业，同其他自由职业一样，在各国都受到监督工资、集体合同、标准合同等措施的保护。 24、各国翻译工作者都享有脑力劳动者享有的各种优惠待遇，其中包括老年退休金、医疗、失业、多子女的补助金等各种形式的社会保障。 第四章 翻译工作者协会或联合会 25、翻译工作者

40、同其他自由职业者一样，有权组织职业协会或联合会。 26、这些组织的任务，除了保护翻译工作者的物质和精神利益外，还应包括提高翻译质量和研究与翻译有关的一切其他问题。 27、为了草拟与翻译工作者有关的法律措施和规则，翻译工作者协会或联合会可与政府机关进行接触。 28、翻译工作者协会或联合会应尽可能与利用译文的团体（出版者协会、工商企业、国家与私人机关、报刊等）保持经常联系，以便研究和解决一些共同的课题。 29、翻译工作者协会或联合会为了监督所在国的一切译著的质量，可与所在国的文化组织、作家联合会、国际笔会本国分会、文学评论界、科学协会、大学、科技研究所等保持联系。 30、翻译工作者协会或联合会在翻

41、译工作者与译文使用者之间发生的各种争执中起仲裁人或鉴定人的作用。 31、翻译工作者协会或联合会可在训练和补充翻译干部问题上发表意见，也可与专家机构和大学合作来实现这些任务。 32、翻译工作者协会或联合会应从各个方面收集翻译工作者感兴趣的情报资料，并以图书、合订本、概述、通报的形式提供给翻译工作者使用，为此，应组织理论和实践方面的情报服务工作，举办讲习班，召开会议。 第五章 全国性翻译工作者组织和国际翻译工作者联合会 33、在一些同时存在着几个按地区特点或按一定范围建立起来的翻译工作者组织的国家，最好能在保持各自独立性的情况下，由这些组织建立一个全国性的中央组织，以联合各组织的力量。 34、在还

42、未建立翻译工作者协会或联合会的国家，则建议这些国家的翻译工作者将自己的力量联合起来，以便在符合所在国法律的条件下建立这种必要的组织。 35、为了在世界范围内达到共同的目的，建议各国翻译工作者组织加入国际翻译工作者联合会。 36、翻译工作者参加本国的翻译团体，以及这些团体加入国际翻译工作者联合会，都出于自愿。 37、国际翻译工作者联合会维护翻译工作者在国际范围内的物质权利与道义权利，关心翻译理论及实践的发展，大力促进全世界的文化传播。 38、国际翻译者联合会在完成这些任务时，代表着全世界的翻译工作者，同政府的、非政府的或政府之间的机关进行接触，参加与世界翻译工作者和翻译工作的利益有关的会议，出版

43、著作，召开或赞助召开有关翻译工作问题的会议。 39、国际翻译工作者联合会是在国际范围内继续进行各国翻译工作者团体的工作，协助它们的力量，确定它们共同的行为方针。 40、加入翻译工作者联合会的各国翻译工作者协会及其中央组织，为了履行其职责，要从联合翻译工作者的团结情谊中，要从促进各国人民相互了解和世界文化传播的高质量翻译工作中，不断吸取必要的力量。THE TRANSLATORS CHARTER(Approved by the Congress at Dubrovnik in 1963, and amended in Oslo on July 9, 1994)The International F

44、ederation of TranslatorsNoting that translation has established itself as a permanent, universal and necessary activity in the world of today; that by making intellectual and material exchanges possible among nations it enriches their life and contributes to a better understanding amongst men; that

45、in spite of the various circumstances under which it is practiced translation must now be recognized as a distinct and autonomous profession; and desiring to lay down, as a formal document, certain general principles inseparably connected with the profession of translating, particularly for the purp

46、ose of- stressing the social function of translation,- laying down the rights and duties of translators,- laying the basis of a translators code of ethics,- improving the economic conditions and social climate in which the translator carries out his activity, and- recommending certain lines of condu

47、ct for translators and their professional organizations, and to contribute in this way to the recognition of translation as a distinct and autonomous profession,announces the text of a charter proposed to serve as guiding principles for the exercise of the profession of translator.SECTION IGENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE TRANSLATOR1. Translation, being an intellectual activity, t