8bunit6知识点归纳A综述.doc

1、 8BUnit6 知识点归纳1. train a.动词“锻炼，训练，培养” e.g.He is training to be a doctor. The dog is trained in helping blind man. b.名词“火车，列车”e.g. I got up so late that I didnt catch the train this morning. c.相关短语：be trained in 在方面接受训练 train as +某身份 为成为.而训练 train for 为.而训练 go into training 从事锻炼；参加训练train oneself 训练自

2、己 Its necessary that you train yourself before the walkHe trained as a teacher two years ago. d.training n.训练，培训 a training center训练中心，培训中心trainer n.教练，驯兽师辨析：train，drill, exercise, practiceTrain 用于思想人格方面的训练 Drill常用于技术方面的训练Exercise 锻炼心智和体力的训练 Practice 指不断反复的“实践”2. Its meaningful to do sth. meaningful

3、 adj.有意义的 meaningless adj.没有意义的 meaning n.意思,含义,意义e.g. Do you know the meaning of this word? Its meaningful to donate money to Project Hope.Mean a.吝啬的,小气的；刻薄的(+about/over/with)Dont be so mean to your little brother! Her husband is very mean about money.b.意思是；打算；意味I mean to call on you tomorrow. What

4、 does this word mean? Becoming a millionaire didnt mean an end to his money worries.c.相关短语：mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事be mean about /over/with sth 在某方面小气3. need a.行为动词“需要”，一般不用进行时，可用句型： need sth e.g. I need a cup of tea. need (sb) to do sth e.g. I need you to clean the classroom. sth

5、need doing= sth need to be done e.g. The classroom needs cleaning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned. b.情态动词，无人称或数的变化，多用于否定句和疑问句。变疑问句时，直接把need提前，变否定句用 need not或neednt。Need I hand in my homework now? We need not pay for the drinks. They are free. c. need n.需求，需要 in need “出于需要状态” We have no need to be

6、 afraid of them. A friend in need is a friend in deed.We are donating money for children in need.4. need some more foodMore 在此是adj.修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 another+数词+n. = 数词+more+n.（more在此表示“额外的，另外的”）e.g.Lets find two more people for our team.5. I dont think- 否定前移6. a disabled person disabled adj.残疾的 disabili

7、ty n.残疾，劳动能力丧失the sick, elderly and disabled老弱病残7. an elderly person elderly adj.年老的 the elderly 老年人 the +adj：表示一类人 the poor, the rich, the homeless 8. a homeless person homeless adj.无家可归的 联想：helpless, hopeless, careless9. deaf people deaf adj.聋的 deafness n. 聋 deafen v. 使聋，震耳欲聋 deaf-mute聋哑者 deaf-aid

8、助听器turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻They are as deaf as those who wont hear. 充耳不闻blind: adj.瞎的 (blind 的主语是人而不是眼睛)turn a deaf eye to/be blind to 对 .视而不见 go blind 失明 blindness n. 失明 the blind 盲人10.help them cross the road 注：cross(动词)-across(介词) Help sb do sth Help sb with sth help ( to) do sth ask for help hel

9、pful helpless 11.Its +adj+to do sth. 做是. Its hard to learn a language. 12. I want you to help me.want sth want to do sth want sb to do sth13. Are there any other ways to help them?any other, “任何其他的”，后面可接名词单数和复数，区别在于1.后接单数可数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了sb/sth以外的任何别的sb/sth；2. 后接复数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了sb/sth以外的任何剩余的sb/sth

10、的全部。He is taller than any other boy in our class.Do you have any other ideas?如果表示在不同范围内俩个人/物的比较，用any other+单数名词China is larger than any other country in Asia.（相同范围）China is larger than any other country in Oceania. （不同范围）Way的用法：“方式，方法 a great/good way to do sth= a great/good way of doing sth “做某事的一个

11、好方式”the best way to do/ of doing sth “做某事的最佳方式”Reading1.what to expect 期待什么 expect to do sth expect sb to do sth expect thatHunter expects that she will come.Anyone cant expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 2. volunteer for the Special Olympics World Summer Games 为夏季残奥会做志愿者volunteer v.志愿做，义

12、务做 n. 志愿者volunteer to do sth义务做某事，主动做某事 volunteer for sth3.the most amazing experience of his他生活中最难忘的经历Experience n.经历（可数）；经验（不可数）表示做某事的经验，其后通常接 in of doing sth。He has had many yearsexperience in of wheat planting / planting wheat. v表示“体验”“经历”等， The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。He

13、 experienced great hardships for the first time in his life.他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。4.necessary adj.必须的，必要的 n.必需品 unnecessary不必要的，多余的 If necessary如果有必要 be necessary for 必须，有.必要 Its necessary for sb. to do sth.5. athlete n.运动员 athletic adj.健壮的，运动的 athletic n.田径运动会，体育运动6.coach n.教练 v.训练，指导football coach head

14、 coach总教练，主教练 assistant coach 助理教练7.give sb a chance to do sth 给某人一个机会做某事 Chance n. 机会 =opportunityMiss a chance a chance to do sth a chance of doing sth by chance 偶然by any chance万一8.Event (运动)比赛项目；大事a historical event a social event in the event of 倘若，万一 in the event that倘若，万一Its easy to be wise af

15、ter the event.9. similar adj. 相似的，类似的 (无比较级和最高级) be similar to 与相似，与类似 be similar in 在某些方面相似 Most of them serve Xinjiang food, which is very similar to the food she eats.10.give up sth/ give sth up放弃某事 give it up give up doing sth 放弃做某事 give up屈服11.be born with 生来具有be born to do生为She was born to suc

16、ceed.12.take part in 参与 join in join 13.notbut 不是而是14.get to do sth 有机会做某事 补充：get to 逐渐15.achieve ones dream = realize ones dream=make ones dream come true 实现某人的梦想achieve vt.实现，达到 achievement n.成就，成绩 achieve adj.可以完成的16.gold n. 金； 金牌silver n.银；银牌Speech is silver, silence is gold. 能言是银，沉默是金。prize n.奖

17、赏，奖品 = award n.奖品，奖first prize 一等奖 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 Price n.价格 Prise n.奖赏，欣赏16.include v. “包含，包括”，后面可接名词或动名词Zhuziqings work includes poetry and prose.Include, contain Include “包含，包括在内”，强调容纳某东西成为整体的一部分contain “含有，里面装有”， 强调某物容纳比其更小的东西the price of the dictionary includes postage charges.Does this box c

18、ontain biscuits?Including prep. “包含，包括”She has many hobbies including jogging, swimming and skiing.Included, include 的过去式，表示“包括在内的”，只放于名词后做定语。This is the whole bill, the service included.= This is the whole bill, including the service.17.Try ones best to do sth=try to do sth 尽力做某事try doing sth尝试做某事

19、Have a try尝试一下，试一下 Try this way 尝试一下这个方法18.Feel like “感觉像”“摸起来像”I feel like a big fool. The new man-made material feels like real leather.feel like sth/ doing sth 想要某事/做某事 feel like oneself “觉得身体情况正常”I dont feel like myself today.Grammar1. Donate v. 捐献，捐赠 donation n. 捐赠品，捐赠物donate money to sb 为某人捐款

20、raise money for sb 为某人筹款2. Charity n. 慈善机构；慈善 Charity school慈善学校 charity sale 义卖3. Trouble n.麻烦（不可数） Some/little/much/great/no troubleHave trouble with sth Have trouble in doing sthGet out of trouble Get in trouble be in trouble make trouble引起麻烦 ask for trouble自找麻烦4. provide sb. with sth.=provide st

21、h. for sb.offer sb sth =offer sth to sboffer to do sth主动提出做某事Integrated skills1. save v.存储，储蓄；拯救 save money/time 省钱/时save ones life 2. teach sb sth =teach sth to sb teacher sb to do sth teach oneself 自学3. not.any more “不再，再没有” 相当于no more.I cant believe you any more.= I can no more believe you.not.an

22、y longer = no longer 表示时间上不再延续。 I am not a child any longer.not.any more. 至数量上不再增加或动作不再重复 The baby didnt cry any more.Task1. be ill in hospital 生病住院 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（可能在医院工作或在医院看病人）2. have a serious blood disease 患有严重的血液疾病Disease n.疾病 泛指各种疾病，尤其指传染病和重大疾病The disease is carried by rat

23、s.Illness多指难以医治慢性病或或身体虚弱等影响生活的疾病He didnt go to school because of his illness.Sickness 多指晕船、恶心、胃病等等方面的疾病或有关饮食的疾病。Many people died of hunger and sickness.3. Operation n.手术operate v.运作，造作 operational adj.运转正常的，操作上的 do/perform an operation做手术 She had an operation on her eyes.4. as soon as possible 尽可能快地

24、 as +adj./adv(原级)+ as possibleAs for junk food, I think you should eat as little as possibleas .as possible 可与as . as sb can/couldYou must come back as soon as possible.= you must come back as soon as you can.5. both adj.俩者都 be both both+动词 both.and both of Both Linlin and I have been to Beijing. Bo

25、th of the sisters like the book.6. give a helping hand 伸出援助之手7. get well 康复【注意】well作形容词表示身体的健康GrammarIt 作形式主语一、 It is +adj. +thatIt 做形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的从句，adj是用来说明后面主句的性质特征，常用形容词有：clear, possible, wrong, sad, necessary, difficult, important, certain, true, surprising.It is dangerous that you cross th

26、e road now.It is important that the students learn team spirit.二、 It is +adj. +to do sthIt 做形式主语，动词不定式to do sth是真正主语。It is happy to help others learn English.It is possible to finish it within an hour.It is wrong to look down on/upon poor children. It is unwise to give the children whatever they wan

27、t.三、 It is +adj. + for sb to do sthIt 做形式主语，for 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语sb，adj只是说明动词不定式的特征而不是表示人的性质或特征。常用形容词有：necessary, difficult, important, easy, hard, interestingIt is necessary for people to eat and sleep every day.It is important for you to read English.Its necessary for the young to master two foreign la

28、nguage.四、 It is +adj. + of sb to do sth It 做形式主语，of 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语sb，adj表示动词不定式主语的特征。常用形容词有：kind, foolish, nice, silly, generous, clever, careful, selfish等表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：Its very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me with the work.It seemed selfish of him n

29、ot to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.五、 It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.六、 注意：第一种和第二种句式可互换，意思不变。It is u

30、seful to bring a map with you while travelling. = It is useful that you bring a map with you while travelling.It is dangerous for people to go hiking alone.= It is dangerous that people go hiking alone.It is meaningful that he plants a tree near the river every year.= It is meaningful for him to pla

31、nt a tree near the river every year.It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed t

32、he exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the pat

33、ient.4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a wa

34、ste of, useless, senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. In fact is a hard job for the police to kee

35、p order in an important football match. (2001 上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It 4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A. everyone B. this C. her D. it5. _

36、will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd. A. It B. I C. We D. They6. It is no use his _ there, the situation is hopeless now. A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone7. It is never too late to learn, _? A. is it B. isnt it C. does it D. doesnt it8. _ is known to all that Shenzhou

37、VI Launched Successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That 9. _ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east Chinas Jiangxi Province killed 13 people A. It B. As C. That D. What10. _ certain that his invention will make peoples life convenient. A. Thats B. This is C. Its D. Whats11. _ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said12. _ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. Its a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C. This is exiting news D. Its exciting news参考答案：15 BDDDA 610CACAC 1112CD