2021年北京市海淀区高三一模英语试题.docx

1、海淀区20202021学年第二学期期中练习2021.04高三英语本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分)第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The _1_ of not being u

2、nderstood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears.I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold _2_. A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another tr

3、y. I spoke _3_ English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would _4_. Soon we picked up and then the _5_ of the learners came into play. At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got. I decided to _6_ desk with a team each day during group

4、 work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home._7_, we became friends. They were even aware of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果). If I didnt get one on my desk, it would _8_ me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in

5、 that state. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been _9_. Wow !The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We dont have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of _10_.1. A. angerB. fearC. confusion

6、D. disappointment2. A. agreementB. blameC. commentD. silence3. A. simpleB. official C. academicD. unusual4. A. turn up B. break offC. take overD. fade away5. A. shynessB. lazinessC. lonelinessD. calmness6. A. clearB. shareC. searchD. exchange7. A. SuddenlyB. ObviouslyC. AccidentallyD. Gradually8. A.

7、 hitB. findC. catchD. hunt9. A. packedB. cleanedC. repairedD. abandoned10. A. sympathyB. admirationC. friendshipD. confidence第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABrian Skerry is an underwater photo journalist. As part of his job, he encounters

8、mysterious sea _11_ (creature) such as whales and sharks. To get the best photo, Skerry gets close to the wildlifeeven if its dangerous. One time in Mexico, a squid grabbed Skerry as he _12_ (take) a photo.Why does Skerry take these risks? He hopes his photographs will make people think about life i

9、n the oceans. As Skerry says, “The oceans are in real trouble. As a journalist, the most important thing I can do is to raise public _13_ (aware).”BIn the past few years, researchers at Lund University _14_ (publish) several papers on dogs ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it.

10、Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference _15_ a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dogs nose _16_ appear to be responsible. The skin on a dogs nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrare

11、d light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense that extra energy, _17_ (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.CSome American cities are banning drive-through windows at fast-food restaurants. There are two basic reasons for the bans: concern for t

12、he environment and the need _18_ (fight) obesity. In the US, most adults drive automobiles and almost 40% of the adults are overweight. Thats partly _19_ people are worried about the environment and unhealthy diets. Supporters of the bans hope fewer drive-through windows _20_ (reduce) litter and air

13、 pollution from customers driving cars. Some also think that people will choose healthier food if there is no longer the convenience of a drive-through window.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AEmergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart rin

14、g on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic button. It lets you send emergency alerts (警报) to preset contacts from its mobile app with the touch of a thumb. Whether you are being attacked or experiencing a serious health problem, Nim

15、b will help keep you safe and sound.Smart Ring to the RescueThe story behind the development with this new technology is unique and touching. In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death. She

16、 suffered multiple stab wounds in a safe neighborhood, just a few feet away from a police station. Her saving grace wasnt just her fight and drive to survive, but the call for help.Since then, she has been searching to find a way for others to have a voice when theyre in need of help and has been a

17、driving force in the development of this new technology. And Nimb is easy to use. All you need to do when you are in trouble is press its button for three seconds and an instant message will be sent to your contacts. Your contacts will get instant emergency alerts on their smartphones and tablets. T

18、his smart ring tracks your exact location in real time and your contacts will know where you are at all times. Nimbs app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and notification features. The ring is compatible (兼容的) with Bluetooth 4+, iOS 7+ and Android 4+. It is also equipped with a rechargeable

19、 LiPo Battery that will last about two weeks, and is designed to withstand water and dust.Nimb: Stay Safe in Style What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cool and futuristic looking. It comes in two colors: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4-12,

20、 which means you can wear it on any of your fingers. Theres no doubt this new technology will be a hit on the market: everyone wants to have that extra piece of mind when it comes to health and safety. Nimb retails for $129.21. Nimb is designed to help users _.A. relieve pain in stressful situations

21、B. warn friends of surrounding dangersC. call contacts for help in emergenciesD. keep track of serious health problems22. Kathy Roma got the idea of Nimb from _.A. her experience of being attackedB. her desire to have a voice in technologyC. her dream of founding her own companyD. her drive to survi

22、ve from a serious disease23. How do you use Nimb when you are in trouble?A. By editing an emergency message.B. By pressing a button for three seconds.C. By tracking the location of preset contacts.D. By sending alerts to the smartphones nearby. BIt was a reading class. While all her classmates were

23、flying through the 2nd and 3rd books in the Harry Potter series, Skye Malik, only on page four of the first book, got impossibly stuck on the word “doughnut”.Her unexpected difficulty with reading is called dyslexia. Skye got a professional diagnosis at the end of the 2nd grade. Knowing that other k

24、ids were going through the same thing made it easier on her somehow. What wasnt easy, even after all the help she got from special tutors and reading programs, was fluent reading. What many people do without thinkingreadingshe had to struggle with word by word, sometimes letter by letter. In class,

25、she would hear the other kids flip through the pages on assignments and go on to the questions while she was still doing battle with the first paragraph.She was as frustrated as she was discouraged. But she didnt know of any other way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pollock, told her about somethi

26、ng called Learning Ally.Learning Ally is a non-profit organization that offers audio versions of books. A crew of volunteer readers has recorded 75,000 classic novels, childrens books, and school textbooks that help more than 300,000 students and adults with learning differences or who are blind. No

27、w Skye could listen to the books with her ears and follow the words with her eyes on the page. Instead of having her mother read her textbooks to her, she could independently do her work. “With Learning Ally, I feel confident and capable and can easily keep up with my classmates,” Skye explains, “an

28、d I want other kids to feel empowered. just the way I did.”So Skye, now aged 16, created The Paco Project which was named after her grandfather whose nickname was “Paco”. The Paco Project is a fundraiser and educational initiative focusing on giving students with dyslexia access to the same Learning

29、 Ally technology that changed her life.Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who have been diagnosed. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and helping them

30、 be confident, capable students.“Right now they feel stuckashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.”24. According to the passage, Skye _. A. found a way out with the help of Miss PollockB. felt annoyed

31、 at being teased by her classmatesC. preferred reading the first book of Harry PotterD. was diagnosed with dyslexia in her fourth grade25. The Paco Project was created _.A. to promote Learning Ally technologyB. to empower those with reading difficultyC. with inspiration from Skyes grandfatherD. in r

32、esponse to the growing demands of teachers26. The passage is mainly about _. what people with dyslexia are sufferingB. what measures are needed to beat dyslexiaC. how Learning Ally influenced people with dyslexiaD. how Skye battled against dyslexia and helped othersCThe philosopher, Martin Buber, is

33、 most known for his work on “I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.It is not our fault that many of

34、 our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is

35、that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didnt have to reciprocate and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, some

36、where along the way “It” was involved.Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow out of it, we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay

37、alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure.The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat and we often dont know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than

38、 our share of bad luck. As our bruins have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare ourselves.This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, th

39、ought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced. And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling

40、 us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards survivingnot thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest. W

41、e cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems.27. What does

42、 the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Return the favour. B. Ask for some advice.C. Convey an apology.D. Make some comments.28. What can we learn about “primary narcissism”?A. It leads to our survival fear. B. It is normal and usually temporary.C. It impacts our growth ne

43、gatively. D. It lays the foundation for Freuds theory.29. Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships?A. Comforting an upset friend. B. Feeling sorry for your mistakes.C. Trying hard to be independent. D. Asking others to take on your task.30. What would be the best title for

44、this passage?A. How We Can Form the “I-Thou” RelationshipsB. How We Can Get Out of the “I-It” RelationshipsC. Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than IndividualsD. What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of LifeDMove Over, Selfish GeneEvolution traditionally has a problem with nice peopl

45、e. If only the fittest individuals survive, then those who are nice to others at their own expense will surely he weeded out. Yet cooperation is widespread in nature, from plants alerting each other to danger to dolphins cooperating to round up fish.A decades-old idea called kin selection can explai

46、n some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another. Bees and ants have a system of reproduction which leaves colony members so closely related that they act almost as a single super-organism. And among any sexually reprod

47、ucing species, parental care helps individuals pass on their genes.But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers. One idea is that we have evolved to be super-cooperative because, over time, more cooperative groups have outcompeted less cooperative ones. But there generally is

48、nt enough genetic variation between groups to allow natural selection to favor more cooperative ones. Some researchers think the solution lies in an idea called cultural group selection. Forget shared genes, they argue. Selection can favor cooperative groups if the people within them share enough culture. The idea is controversial because to work it requires that groups remain culturally distinct. As critics point out, people tend to migrate (迁移) between groups, which should homogenize (使