人教课标版高中英语选修8-课文及翻译.doc
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1、人教课标版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages
2、of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in Cal
3、ifornia at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands
4、were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spa
5、nish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanis
6、h to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won
7、 by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling
8、 in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore th
9、e first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They s
10、ettled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from
11、 the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen bu
12、t also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans in
13、cluding many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since th
14、e 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its
15、beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great th
16、at there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGES DIARY 12TH14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a c
17、able car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a t
18、rams brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fishermans What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now
19、its a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. Its also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fishermans What. Am exhausted and dont feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up wit
20、h a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. Its a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped ma
21、ny times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the citys like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old
22、buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during
23、the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chi
24、nese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about the
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