人教版英语八年级上册Unit-1知识点详解及练习-.docx

1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?1. decide /dsad/ v. 决定用法例句(1) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”They decided to visit the museum.(2) decide not to do sth.意为“决定不做某事”She decided not to buy a new dress. (3) decide+疑问词+动词不定式意为“决定某时（某地、如何）做某事”He cant decide when to leave. (4) decide+宾语从句意为“决定某事”I cant decide

2、 where I should go. 1. People have a right to decide _ to spend their own money. They can buy anything they want or save it in the bank. A. when B. what C. why D. how2. Harry has decided _ an online shop after graduating from school. A. open B. to open C. opened D. opening 【参考答案】1. D 2. B2. bored /b

3、d/ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的用法例句(1) bored 意为“厌倦的，感到无聊的”，在句子中修饰人John is bored with his job. (2) boring 意为“无趣的，令人厌烦的”，在句子中修饰事物The story was so boring. (3) 拓展以-ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人，例如interested 感兴趣的。I am interested in movies. (4) 拓展以-ing结尾的形容词通常修饰事物，例如interesting 有趣的。This is an interesting book. I love it so much. 选词填空：bo

4、red; boring; interested; interesting 1. I felt sleepy, because the lesson is so _.2. Kathy often watches cartoons on TV. She feels they are _. 3. Jack is _ in basketball, and he plays basketball nearly every day.4. The little girl is _ with the concert, so she only wants to go home.【参考答案】boring; int

5、eresting; interested; bored3. enjoyable /ndb()l/ adj. 有趣的，令人愉快的用法例句(1) enjoyable 意为“有趣的”Im sure well have an enjoyable vacation. (2) enjoy sth.动词，意为“喜爱某事”My mum enjoyed her job in the city. (3) enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜爱做某事”Young children enjoy helping around the house. 1. He enjoys _ stamps. A. to coll

6、ect B. collect C. collecting D. collected 2. That was an _ experience for me.A. enjoy B. enjoyable C. enjoyed D. enjoying 【参考答案】1. C 2.B4. difference /df()r()ns/ n. 差别，差异用法例句(1) difference 意为“差别，差异”The twins look the same. But they also have some differences. (2) different 形容词，意为“不同的”be different fr

7、om 与不同My schoolbag is different from yours. 1. Can you find any_ between the twin brothers?A. different B. difficult C. difference D. differences2. My friends are very _ each other. A. different B. different from C. difference D. differences 【参考答案】1. D. 2. B5. wait /wet/ v. 等待用法例句wait for sb./sth. 意

8、为“等待某人/某物”We were waiting for her at the train station at 8 oclock last night.Tom was waiting for the bus over there. 1. I saw many old people _ in line buying cheap eggs.A. walking B. waiting C. deciding D. talking 2. Can you _ me five minutes, please? A. wait for B. wait C. waiting D. waited 【参考答案

9、】1.B. 2.A 6. building /bld/ n. 建筑物用法例句(1) building 意为“建筑物”We live in a tall building.(2) build (built, built)动词，意为“建造，建筑”They needed 3 million to build this bridge. 选词填空，用building, build的适当形式填空。1. You can see an old museum between the two tall _.2. The workers are _ a bridge.【参考答案】buildings, buildin

10、g7. below /bl/ adv. /prep 在下面，在.之下用法例句(1) below (2) 副词，意为“在下面”Water was dripping onto the floor below.(2) below介词，意为“在.下面”The kitchen is directly below her bedroom.辨析：below, above, under, over, on 单词词意以及位置图例句below在.下方（非正下方）The star is below the box. under在.正下方 The star is under the box. above在.上方（非正

11、上方）The star is above the box.over在.正上方 The star is over the box. on在.上方（表面接触）The star is on the box. 选词填空，用below, above, over, under, on填空。1. Its really cold today. The temperature is _ 0.2. Sheputhercoat_ thebed.3. There is a stone bridge _ the river4. There is a light _ the table5. The chair is _

12、the table. 【参考答案】below, on, over, above, under8. enough /nf/ adj. /adv. 足够的，充足的用法例句(1) adj.+enough 意为“足够.”You can go to school when youre old enough. (2) enough+ n. 意为“足够多的.”Do you have enough time to go shopping with me? 用括号中所给单词填空。1. Istheriver_toswimin? (deep, enough)2. Hehas_tobuyacar. (money, e

13、nough)3. Wouldyoube_toletusknowthedateofyourarrival? (kind, enough) 4. Wehadhardly_togoaroundatthepicnic. (food, enough)【参考答案】deep enough, enough money, kind enough, enough food9. taste /test/ v. 尝起来用法例句(1) taste v. 意为“品尝起来味道如何.”The medicine tastes bitter. (2) tastes/ look/ sound/ smell/ fell 均为系动词，

14、意为“尝/ 看/ 听/ 闻/ 摸起来”These flowers smell very sweet. 1. This kind of peach looks really nice, but it _ very sour.A. tastes B. looks C. feels D. sounds 2. The girl over there _ beautiful! A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. looks【参考答案】1. A 2. D10. seem /sim/ v. 似乎，像是用法例句(1) seem (to be)+ n. / adj.意为“看起来好像

15、.”Tom seems to be a very clever boy. (2) seem to do sth.意为“好像/似乎做某事”Tom seems to know everything. (3) It seems/ seemed that.意为“看起来好像，似乎.”(it为形式主语)It seems that she is thinking. 1. Themanoverthereseems_anewteacher.A. is B. be C. being D. to be 2. Thechildrenseemed_somethingintheroom now. A. eating B.

16、 are eatingC. to be eating D. to eat3. _seems_nooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark. A. That, that B. It, that C. It, it D. That, it 【参考答案】1. D 2. C 3.B11. wonder /wnd/ v. 想知道，琢磨用法例句(1) wonder + what/ who/ why 等宾语从句 意为“想知道.”I wonder what they are doing. (2) wonderful 形容词，意为“精彩的，绝妙的”That was a wonderful

17、 performance. 1. At present, many people like talking about “Kuaidi” and “Didi”. I really wonder _. You can order a taxi through them on your mobile phone easily. A. how can I use themB. who uses them most C. what they are used for 2. Its _ what doctors can do nowadays. A. wondering B. wondered C. w

18、onder D. wonderful 【参考答案】1. C 2. D12. too many 太多用法例句too many + 可数名词复述 意为“太多的某物.”There are too many people in the street during the rush hour. 辨析：too many, too much, much tootoo many后接可数名词复数，意为“太多”Mother brought too many eggs yesterday. too much后接不可数名词，意为“太多”We have too much work to do. much too后接形容

19、词或副词，意为“太”The hat is too big for me. 用too many, too much, much too填空1. Today，_ treesarestillbeingcutdownsomewhereintheworld2. Theteachertoldhimnottospend_timeplayinggames3. Thesweaterisverybeautiful，butits_ dear4. Hecanthearyoubecausethereis _ noisehere5. Yourewalking_fast. Slowdown【参考答案】1. too many

20、, 2. too much, 3. much too, 4. too much, 5. much too13. arrive /rav/ v. 到达用法例句(1) arrive in + 大地方 意为“到达”We arrived in Beijing yesterday. (2) arrive at + 小地方 意为“到达”We arrived at the train station very early. 辨析：arrive, get, reach arrive get reach 相同点arrive 和get 都是不及物动词，后边不能直接加地点，若想加地点需要用词组：arrive in/

21、at, get to 不同点arrive in + 大地方arrive at + 小地方get to + 任何地点reach + 任何地点例句I arrived in Qingdao yesterday. I got to Qingdao yesterday.I reached Qingdao yesterday. 1. I will call you as soon as I _ Guilin. A. arrive B. get C. arrive at D. reach 2. When I _ the station, the train had left. A. reached to B

22、. arrived C. arrived in D. got to【参考答案】1. D 2. D14. quite a few 相当多；不少用法例句quite a few + 可数名词复数，意为“相当多；不少”There are quite a few people in the restaurant. 辨析：quite a few与quite a little词汇词义用法例句quite a few相当多；不少修饰可数名词复数He will stay here for quite a few days.quite a little相当多修饰不可数名词There is quite a littl

23、e water in the bottle. I have quite friends at school, so I feel happy. A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little 【参考答案】C练习1. Theydecide_tothemountainsthisafternoon. A.goB.togoC.wentD.going2. Oh, the food smells good. But what does it like? A. seemB. soundC. tasteD. feel3. HowdoyoufeelabouttheCBAbasketball

24、matchlastnight?Itwas_,Ireallyenjoyedit.A.boringB.wonderfulC.strangeD.terrible4. There are _ people in the museum, so I couldnt hear the guide.A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too5. The Greens arrived New York a sunny day. A. in; inB. at; inC. at; onD. in; on6. I dont want to go to the mus

25、eum; its too _.A. boredB. boringC. wonderfulD. interesting7. _ they didnt know the news.A. It seems to be B. It seemed C. They seemed D. They seems that8. Tonys sister is to take care of the pet dog.A. careful enoughB. enough carefulC. enough annoyedD. annoyed enough9. In cold winter, the temperatur

26、e in Harbin often remains_ zero all day.A. above B. below C. over D. under10. Sally, you seem _ a lot ofthings to do today.A. have B. to have C. havingD.to having【参考答案】BCBAD BBABB二语法复合不定代词一、构成复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加-body,-thing,-one构成，列表如下：somebody 某人someone 某人something 某物，某事anybody 任何人anyone

27、任何人anything 任何事物nobody 没有人no one 没有人nothing 没有东西everybody 每人everyone 每人everything 一切二、用法1. 复合不定代词若作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数。Eg. I am new here, so nobody knows me. Eg. Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. 2. 形容词修饰不定代词时，该形容词必须后置。Eg. Something strange happened in our neighborhood. Eg. Theres nothing difficult

28、 in the world if you put your heart into it. Eg. Is there anybody important here? 3. 复合不定代词与动词不定式连用，不定式必须后置。Eg. Would you like something to eat? (1) There is _ with your car.A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothingC. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing (2) He asked me if

29、there was _to read. A. easy enough something B. enough easy somethingC. something easy enough D. something enough easy (3) I really have something important_.A. do B. to doing C. to do D. does【参考答案】ACC4. 含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别something; someone; somebodyanything; anyone; anybody一般用法something, someo

30、ne, somebody通常用于肯定句中He found something strange but interesting.anything, anyone, anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中Doyouhaveanythingtosay?I cant meet anybody on the island.特殊用法表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句；希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中；用something, someone, somebodyWouldyoulikesomethingtoeat? Isnt there something wrong with you?

31、当anything表示“任何事(物)，无论何事(物)”；anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”时；也可用于肯定句中。Anything is OK. Anybody knows the answer.5. nothing和nobody的用法nothingnobody用法nothing 回答以what 开头的问题Whats on the table? Nothing.nobody (no one) 回答who 开头的问题Who is in the classroom? Nobody. (No one).6. 复合不定代词的否定not every-not any-和no-用法“not e

32、very-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”“not any-”和no-均表示全否定例句The teacher didnt call everyones name. Not everything will go well.You havent called anyone/ anybody up, have you? = You have called no one/ nobody up, have you?(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C.

33、 something D. nothing (2) The exam was difficult, wasnt it?No, but I dont think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody【参考答案】AD练习用不定代词或不定副词填空：1. I cant hear anything = I can hear .2. There is on the floor. Please pick it up.3. Did go to play basketball with you ?4. I phoned yo

34、u last night, but answered it.5. I don t think telephoned.6. Why don t you ask to help you ?7. If you want , please let me know.8. Shall we get to drink ?9. Don t worry. Theres wrong with your ears.10. Theres in the box. Its empty.【参考答案】1. nothing 2.something 3. anyone 4. nobody 5. anyone 6. someone

35、 7. something 8. something 9.nothing 10.nothing一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。一、规则动词过去式的变化规律构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加 ed look looked 以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加 d live lived 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y改为i,再加edcry cried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加edplan planned 二、不规则动词的过去式的构成变化形式各异，需要特殊记忆，下面介绍一部分动词过去

36、式的记忆规律。1. 动词的过去式与原形一样 let-let put-put read-read cut-cut 2. 遇见i 改为a swim-swam sing-sang begin-began sit-sat give-gave drink-drank3. 过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词 bring-brought buy-bought think-thought catch-caught4. 中间e末尾加t feel-felt keep-kept sleep-slept 5. 把i变成o ride-rode drive-drove write-wrote 6. 以d结尾变成t

37、build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent 7. ow/ aw变为ew Know-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew练习阅读理解。Once threemen got to the Dover Station at about nine oclock that evening.One of them asked a porter （搬运工） what time the next train for London was. The porter answered, “You have just missed one.

38、 They go hourly. The next train is at ten. ”The three men decided to go off the station. So they went to a bar.A minute or two after ten oclock they came running into the station. The porter told them the train had just gone. So they went back to the bar. They missed theeleven oclock train in the sa

39、me way. The porter said, “Now thenexttrain is the last one. I f you miss that,you wont get to London tonight. ”Twelve oclock came, and the last train was starting out when all ofthe three men ran to catch the train as fast as they could. Two of them got into a carriage(车厢) but the third of them didn

40、 t run fast enough. The trainwent outand left him behind. He laugheduntil tears（眼泪） came out of hiseyes. Then he caught hold of the porters hands and said, “Well,I myself have to go to London, and they only come to see me off（为送行） . ”（ ） 1. At Dover Station, the train went to London .A. at about nine oclock every morningB. only once a dayC. every hourD. in a minute or two after ten oclock（ ） 2. The three men didn t catch up with nine oclock train.So they decided to go off the station and to .A. get the tickets B. have a drinkC. take a walk in the street D. make a phone call in the bar（