人教版新目标英语八年级下册语法知识讲解与经典习题汇编(含答案).docx
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1、人教版新目标英语八年级下册语法知识点讲解与经典习题汇编一、反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns):表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。1.反身代词的构成:人 称单 数复 数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves2.反身代词的用法:用 法位 置例 句作宾语动词或介词之后Tom is enjoying himself now.作表语系动词之后The boy in the photo is myself.作同位语名词或代词之后或句末I did it myself./ I mys
2、elf did it.3.反身代词的固定搭配:(A)动词之后:enjoy oneself help oneself dress oneself teach oneself hurt oneself lose oneself make oneself done(B) 介词之后: by oneself for oneself look after oneself take care of oneself smile to oneself say/think to oneself come to oneself keep sth. to oneself4.经典习题:(1) Help to some
3、ice cream and salad, kids. A.you B.yourself C.yourselves D.themselves(2)-Who teaches you maths ?-Nobody. I teach maths. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself(3)Children should learn how to save in times of danger. A.himself B.themselves C.yourself D.ourselves(4)Mr. Green went to see his aunt with his wife . A.h
4、erself B.himself C.themselves D.themself( 5) Both Mary and I learn Chinese by . A.herself B.myself C.ourselves D.themselves(答案:1-5 CDBBC )二、情态动词(Modal Verbs):用来表示“提议、建议、请求”等意思的动词,情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,后面必须加动词原形。1. should: 应该,应当;(1)表示义务、责任;e.g. You should pay for your dinner.(2)表示建议: e.g. You should l
5、ie down and have a rest.2. could 用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求,比can的语气更婉转,回答仍然是 can,且用something表示肯定语气。 e.g. -Could we get something to drink ?- Sure, you can.3.can -过去式 could 表示 能力或许可; e.g. Can you drive a car ? Can I use your bike ?4.may-过去式might 表示许可(征求意见)、也许(不确定)、祝福,might 比may 语气委婉;注意否定回答:No,.cant/mustnt./had
6、 better not. e.g. May I stay out late, Mum ? No, you mustnt.It is very dangerous outside. May you be happy every day !5.must 表示必须、一定等命令的语气,若表示“不得不”,用“have to do sth.; 注意否定回答:No,.neednt./dont have to. e.g. You mustnt throw rubbish everywhere. You must come and see us at once. Must I finish the work n
7、ow ? No, you neednt . You may do it tomorrow.6.need-过去式needed 表示需要、必要, 注意:肯定回答:Yes,.must./you have to. e.g. She neednt go there right now. Need I hand out the book now ? Yes, you must.注意:need 作实义动词:意为:需要,必需,常用:Sb.need to do sth.或Sth. need doing. e.g. We need to repair the broken bike now. The broken
8、 bike needs repairing now.【拓展】Sth. need doing.= Sth. need to be done. e.g. The window needs cleaning up. = The window needs to be cleaned up.7.经典习题:(1) I show you my ID card now ? No, you neednt. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Could(2)Mum, may I go swimming now ? Yes, but you go alone. A.may B.can C.mus
9、t D.mustnt(3)You remember to lock the door of our clasroom. Its your duty today.A.can B.may C.should D.might(4) Tom get up so early because its Sunday today.A.need not to B.need not C. dont need D.doesnt need(5)Could you help me ? Certainly, I .A. could B.can C.couldnt D.cant(答案:1-5 BDCBB )三、过去进行时(P
10、ast Progressive Tense ): 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1.构成; 肯定: was / were + Ving e.g. I was watching TV at that time. 否定:wasnt/werent + Ving e.g. I wasnt watching TV at that time. 一般疑问句及回答: Was/Were +S. +Ving.? Yes, S.+was/were. No, S. +wasnt/werent.e.g. Were you watching TV at that time ? Yes, I was.2.时
11、间状语:at this /that time/moment yesterday , at eight last night, when/while引导的时间状语从句或上下文e.g. What were you doing at nine last night ? He was reading a newspaper while his sister was playing with toys.3.与一般过去时的用法比较:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 e.g. Peter worked out the maths
12、 problem last night. Peter was working on the maths problem all the time last night.4.经典习题:(1) Who the trees ? Some workers were. A.planted B.was planting C.were planting D.plants(2) Who down the trees ? Some workers did. A. cuts B.was cutting C.were cutting D.cut(3)What Tom just now ? A. did, do B.
13、was, doing C.is, doing D.does, do(4)The boys when the teacher them. A.were fighting . was seeing B.were fighting, saw C. fought, saw D.fought, was seeing(5) you what he sang while your brother ? A.Did ,hear; sang B.Were, hearing; was singingC.Did ,hear; was singing D.Were, hearing; sang(答案: 1-5 CDAB
14、C )四、现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense ):1.构成: 肯定; S. + have/has +p.p.(过去分词) 否定:S.+havent/hasnt +p.p. 一般疑问句:Have/Has + S. + p.p. ? 回答:Yes. S. +have/has. No, S.+havent/hasnt.注意:过去分词的变化规则与过去式基本一致,除了特殊形式以外。见课本(P136-137)2.标志词:(1) already/ever/never/just/yet/still/many times (2)recently/lately/so far/till now
15、(3)in/over the past/last .years (4)since 2010/since +一段时间+ago/since+含过去时的句子 (5)for +一段时间e.g. Mary has already eaten an apple and a banana. Mary hasnt had lunch yet. Mary has never been to Xian before. Mary has just arrived home. We have seen only one movie so far. They have lived in this school sinc
16、e they came to this city.3.用法:(1)表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果; e.g. Have you had dinner yet ? Yes, I have. I have just had it. I had it at seven .(2)表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,常和for/since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词; e.g. We have lived here since 2000.(3)特殊用法: A: have/has gone to sw. 已经去某地(未回) have/has
17、been to sw. 曾去过某地(已回) have/has been in sw.仍然在某地e.g. Peter has gone to Wuhan . He will be back in a week. Peter has been to Wuhan twice. Peter has been in Wuhan for about 70 days.B: 短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可以用于完成时,但是不能与延续性的for/since连用,以及不可以与how long连用,常见的瞬间动词及其转换词(组)有:borrow-have kept buy-have had begin/start-hav
18、e been onstop-have been over open/close-have been open/closedleave-have been away from die-have been dead marry-have been marriedjoin/become- be a member of./ be in. get up-have been up come/go/arrive/reach-have been in. e.g. Tom has come to school for an hour.(误) Tom has been in school for an hour.
19、(正)C: It is/has been + 时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子 一段时间 has passed +since + 一般过去时态的句子 e.g. It is/has been an hour since Tom came to school. Two years has passed since you came to this school.4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:(1)侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属于现在时间范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响;而一般过去时是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 e.g. I lived in W
20、uhan in 2010. Li Lei has lived in Wuhan since 2010. (2)连用的时间状语不同:与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: already/ever/never/just/yet/still/many times /before/for/since等;而一般过去时则常与ago/yesterday/last/just now/in 2015等表示过去时间的词(组)连用: e.g. Mike went to Beijing last Sunday. Mike has been away from Beijing since two days ago.5.经典习
21、题: (1) -Where you ?-Taiyuan. I returned home last night. A.did, go B.have, gone C.have, been D.are, going(2)-Where is Peter ?-He to Taiyuan. He is coming back in a week. A.has been B.has gone C.is going D.went(3)用括号里所给词的适当形式填空:- you your lost dog ?-Not yet. (find) -When you it ?-Yesterday. (lose) -W
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