人教版八年级英语上册Unit-1知识点精讲.docx

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、词汇应用1.go on vacation 去度假 2.stay at home 待在家 3.take photos 照相 4.go shopping 去购物 5.go out 外出(娱乐) 6.go to the mountains 去爬山 7.go to the beach 去海滩 8.go to summer camp 去夏令营 9.visit museums 参观博物馆 10.study for tests 备考 11.feed hens 喂母鸡12.quite a few 相当多；不少 13.most of t

2、he time 大多数时间14.taste good 尝起来不错 15.in the countryside 在乡下 16.keep a diary 记日记 17.because of 因为 18.arrive in (= get to) 到达 19.feel like 给的感觉；感受到 20.the next day 第二天 21.walk around 四处走走 22.walk up to the top 走到顶部 23.along the way 沿途 24.another two hours (= two more hours) 另外两个小时 25.learn something im

3、portant 学一些重要的东西 27.buy sth. for sb. (= buy sb. sth.) 给某人买某物 28.decide to do sth. 决定做某事 29.try doing sth. 试着做某事 30.keep doing sth. 继续做某事 31.Long time no see. 好久不见。 32.Bye for now！再见了！ 33.What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀！二、词汇精讲1. anywhere anywhere是副词，意为“在任何地方”，常用在否定句或疑问句中，而在肯定句中，则多用somewhere

4、。例如： He cant find his English book anywhere. 他到处找不到他的英语书。 I think he must live somewhere. 我觉得他肯定住在某个地方。2. few few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。a few 意为“几个；少许” 相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。【拓展】(1) little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等

5、概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。(2) a little 意为“有点儿；少量” 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。You should walk a little faster

6、. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。(3) 相关短语：quite a few = not a few 相当多的 quite a little许多only a little = but a little 相当少 3. most (1) most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如：Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。(2) most前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，

7、则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。例如：This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。(3) most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，用most of代替most。 例如：I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。 Most of the time we eat fish. 绝大部分时间我们都吃鱼肉。【拓展】(1) almost = very nearly，指在程度上相差很少，almos

8、t可与no，none，nothing，never，nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。例如： I almost missed the flight我差一点误了航班。 Almost no one believed what he said几乎没人相信他的话。(2) mostlymainly 意为“大部分、主要地”。例如： The students in our class are mostly from the factory. 我们班的学生主要来自这家工厂。 His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries 他的故事大

9、多是关于他在国外旅游的经历4. bored bored也是形容词，意为“感到厌烦的”，一般用来说明人的感受。例如： Im bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。【拓展】(1) boring是形容词，意为“令人厌烦的”，一般用来说明事物的特征。例如： The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。(2) 英语中，带-ing的形容词，用来形容事物，指某事物的性质、特征，意为“令人的”“让人的”，常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的，意为“感到的”“使人的”，其主语是人，类似的词有： exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人感

10、兴趣的 moving 令人感动的 excited （人）感到兴奋的 interested（人）感兴趣的 moved（人）感动的 tiring 令人厌倦的 tired（人）感到疲倦/累/厌烦的 5. decide decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。常见用法有：(1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例如： I cant decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。 例如： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。The

11、 boy decided to be a sailor. 那男孩决定做海员。 The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor. 医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。【拓展】 decide on意为“由决定；决定于”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I decided on going to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。6. enough (1) enough作形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，

12、作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如： The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。 (2) enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。【拓展】 (1) enoughto do sth. “有足够的做某事”。例如： I dont have enough time to

13、 eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。 (2) enough to do可以同tooto或sothat结构互相转换。例如： He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school. 他太小而不能上学。7. seem seem是系动词，意为“好像，似乎，看来”，后常接形容词。例如： He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。【拓展】 seem的用法归纳： (1) seem + 名词 例如： He se

14、ems a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。 (2) seem like意为“好像，似乎”。 例如： It seemed like not a bad idea at that time. 那时这主意好像不错。 (3) seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如： I seem to have left my book at home. 我好像把书忘在家里了。 (4) It seems that或It seemed that意为“看起来好像，似乎”。例如： It seemed that he was very happy. 他看上去好像很高兴。 (5) seem

15、 to be + 形容词或名词 例如： She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。8. try try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事，尽量去做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如： Try not to be late again. 尽量别再迟到了。 Try to get here in two hours.尽量在两小时之内到达。【拓展】(1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”，强调尝试做某事。例如： You should try eating more vegetables. 你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。(2) try on

16、es best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：We should try our best to finish the work on time. 我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。(3) try 构成的短语： try sth. on 试穿 try out sth. 试验、检验 have a try 试一试 try for sth. 试图获得某物 try ones best 尽某人最大努力三、句式精讲1. Did you do anything special last month? 本句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句，其中的anything special意为“任

17、何特别的事”，special是形容词，修饰anything。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。例如：Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗？Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？【拓展】复合不定代词的用法： (1) 复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anythin

18、g, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。(2)复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。(3) 由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即someth

19、ing和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1) something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如：He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Doyouhaveanythingtosay？你有话要说吗？I didnt meetanybodyontheisland. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。2) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带

20、有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。例如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？要些吃的东西吗？Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？3) 当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。例如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。口诀：不定代词美名扬，修饰

21、成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。2. Yes, I bought something for my father. 本句中用了buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”，也可用buy sb. sth，即buy后跟双宾语，sb. 指人是间接宾语，sth.指物是直接宾语。例如： He bought me a present. = He bought a present for me. 他给我买了一份礼物。【拓展】 英语中带双宾语的动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须加上to或for。常见的此种用法的动词分两类： (1) 动词buy

22、; draw; make等可跟双宾语，当直接宾语前置时，必须在间接宾语前加for，即： buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 例如： Mother made a pair of trousers for her son. 母亲为儿子做了一条裤子。 (2) 动词give; pass; lend; write; show; send; hand和bring接双宾语，当直接宾语前置时，需在间接宾语前加to构成。即：give/ pass/ lend sth. to sb. 例如： Ill send it to you. 我会把它送给你的。 【注意】上述能接双宾语的动词，一般情况下两种形

23、式可以互换，即vt. + sb. + sth. = vt. + sth. for(to) sb.。但当直接宾语是代词时，不论间接宾语是何种词性，只能用vt. + sth.(代词) + for(to) sb. 3. Everything tasted really good!本句中的taste在此是系动词，意为“尝起来”，后面接形容词作表语。例如： The food tastes good. 食物尝起来很香。【拓展】(1) look，sound，smell，taste，feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关，可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思

24、分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。(2) look，sound，smell，taste，feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。4. because there were too many peo

25、ple. too many在句中作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接可数名词。例如： There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。词语词形特点too much形容词短语后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语too many形容词短语后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语much too副词短语后跟形容词或副词【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析：例如：Dont eat too much sweet. Its bad for your

26、 teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。 I had too much. Im full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。Youasktoomanyquestions. 你问得太多了。5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.本句中的because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：He lost his job because

27、of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 【拓展】because和because of的辨析：(1) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because后面接句子，常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在；而because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。 Because Lingling was i

28、ll, she didnt come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。 Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 We couldnt have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。四、语法精讲语法讲练一般过去时【概念引入】一般过去时是初中英语中非常重要的一个时态。表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，有时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如： He left home at half past five y

29、esterday. 他昨天五点离开家的。 Li Ming always went to work by bike in the past.过去李明总是骑自行车去上班。【语法讲解】I、 用法：1. 表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning. 林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。He was ill last night. 昨晚他生病了。2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Li Tao always went to school by bus last term. 上学期李涛一直乘公共汽车上

30、学。3. 表示已故的人曾经做过的事情。例如：Lao She wrote many great works. 老舍写过许多脍炙人口的作品。4. 表示过去所发生的一系列的动作。例如：The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed. 这位老人走进屋，脱下衣服，然后上床睡觉了。Mr. Black got up at six oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.布莱克先生今天早上六点起床、穿衣服、吃饭，然后去上班了。II、一般过

31、去时如何识别？每个时态，都会有其独特的标志性词语（主要是时间状语）。可以称其为“标志词”。通常来讲，一般过去时常见的标志词有：1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.2. last week / year / month / term(简称last系列)3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago(简称ago系列)4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, in April, 2005 5. just now, once upon a time, one dayIII、分类：1. 含有

32、be动词的一般过去时：系动词be的过去式有两种形式：was和were。其中was是am和is的过去式，were是are的过去式。含有was和were的句子的转换方式与含有am / is /are的句子相似，即：否定句在was或were后加not (was not可缩略成wasnt，were not可缩略成werent); 疑问句是把was或were提前放在句首。例如：He was in Grade 6 last year. (肯定句)He was not (wasnt) in Grade 6 last year. (否定句)Was he in Grade 6 last year? (一般疑问句

33、)There were many trees here years ago. (肯定句)There were not (werent) many trees here years ago. (否定句)Were there many trees here years ago? (一般疑问句)2. 含有实义动词的一般过去时：(1)常见句式：主语 + v.-ed + 其它（宾语/状语/表语）例如：He Lived in Guangzhou 5 years ago. 五年前他住在广州。I met one of my classmates in the street yesterday.昨天我在大街上遇

34、见了一位同班同学。(2) 动词过去时的变化可分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化如下：1) 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。例如：wanted；played。2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在单词末尾直接加字母d。例如：hoped；lived3) 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。例如：shopped；stopped4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。例如：studied；worriedIV、一般过去时的否定和疑问句1. 含有be动词的句子含有be动词的句子在变成否定句时，在be动词之后加not；在变成疑问句时，直接将be动词提到主语之前，并在句尾加上问号。如

35、果是特殊疑问句，则在句首加上相应的特殊疑问词即可。例如：He was born in 1996. 他出生于1996年。 He wasnt born in 1996. They were at home at that moment. 当时他们在家里。 They were not at home at that moment. Was he born in 1996? 他是出生于1996年吗？ No, he wasnt. 不，他不是。 When was he born? 他是什么时候出生的？ He was born in 1996. 他出生于1996年。2. 含有行为动词的句子含有行为动词的句子

36、在变成否定句或疑问句时，则需要助动词did来帮助完成。在进行变化时，将助动词放在行为动词的前边（否定句）或句首（疑问句），同时将该行为动词还原成原形。例如：Mr. Liu lived in Beijing twenty years ago. 二十年前，刘先生住在北京。 Mr. Liu didnt live in Beijing twenty years ago. 二十年前，刘先生没有住在北京。 Did Mr. Liu live in Beijing twenty years ago? 二十年前刘先生住在北京吗？ No, he didnt. / Yes, he did. 不是。/ 是的。巧记：行

37、为动词一般过去时用法歌诀：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中谓语用过去时，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，主语后面didnt添。疑问构成也有法，主语前把did加。还有一点不能删，后面的动词要还原。综合练习一、词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 任何有趣的地方_ 2. quite a few _3. 感到厌烦_4. decide to do sth. _5. 足够大_6. 尝试做某事_7. buy sth. for sb. _8. 看起来漂亮_9. too many books_10. because of_II. 根据汉语或首字母提示，完成下列单词。1. I think Huangguoshu W

38、aterfall is very w_.2. There are quite a f_ apple trees there.3. There is s_ wrong with my computer.4. Mr. Black _(好像) to be quite happy.5. His talk made us feel b_, so we wanted to go home.6. The girl d_ to be a singer when she grew up.7. The cat ran after the rat and t_ to catch it. 8. Do you know

39、 the _(不同点) between the two books?9. My mother is w_ for me at the bus stop.10. After the long walk, they were _(饥饿的) and thirsty.III. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. On my next day off, I dont want _(go) for a drive.2. What _ you _(see) when you were in Chicago?3. The little boy _(study) hard every day.4. They _(n

40、ot watch) TV last night.5. Where _(be) you yesterday. I _(be) at home.6. Tom _(come) here last week.7. We decided _(go) abroad on vacation.8. I think you should try _(eat) more vegetables. IV. 用适当的复合不定代词填空。（答案不唯一）1. Theres _ in this bag, its empty. 2. There is _ waiting outside to see you. She didnt

41、 tell me her name. 3. I didnt invite all of them, but _ has come. 4. There isnt _ watching TV at the moment. 5. Shall I make you _ to eat? Yes, please. Im really hungry. 6. Its a secret. _ knows about it. 7. Will you ask _ to carry this bag for me, please? 8. Is there _ wrong with you bike? No, _ is

42、 wrong. 二、句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 那听起来很无趣。That sounds very _.2. 此后，他们就没有买其他的东西了。 After that, they didnt buy _ _.3. 王小姐喜欢在公园里照相。 Miss Wang likes _ _ in the park.4. 把你的照片给我看看好吗? Can you _ me your photographs? 5. 这是一本有趣的书，你想读吗？ This is an _ book, do you want to read it?6. 因为下雨，我们没有去看电影。 We didnt

43、go to the movies _ _ the rain.7. 我想给妈妈买一件外套。 I want _ _ a coat _ my mother.8. 箱子太重了，我搬不动。Theboxis _heavy,soIcantcarryit.II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. It rained a lot that day. (改为一般疑问句)_it _ a lot that day?2. There were some actors at the aquarium. (改为一般疑问句)_ there _ actors at the aquarium?3. My day off was very boring. (就划线部分提问)_ _ your day off?4. My brother made me a kite yesterday. (同义句转换) My brother _ a kite _ me yesterday.5. He isnt old enough to go to school. (同义句转换) He is _