人教版八年级下英语7单元知识点全解.docx

1、Unit7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?一 词形变换1 deep adj.深的；纵深的-(adv.) deeply深深地一(n) depth深度；深处2 Asia n.亚洲-（nadj.）Asian亚洲人；亚洲的3 tour n&o旅行；旅游 -n. tourist旅行者；观光者4 achievement n，成就；成绩-(v)achieve取得；实观5 succeed v.实现目标；成功-(n)success成功-（ adj.）successful成功的 6 nature n自然界；大自然斗-(adj.) natural自的；天然的7 we

2、igh v重量是；称的重量-n. weight重量；分量8 keeper n饲养员；保管人- (v)keep保持9 awake adj.醒着斗(v)wake醒；醒来10. amaze v. 惊讶，吃惊 amazing 惊奇的，令人惊喜的 amazed 感到惊奇的，吃惊的二 重点短语：1. as big as 与一样大2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事4. as far as I know 据我所知5. man-made objects 人造物体6. part of 的组成部分7. the h

3、ighest mountain 最高的山脉8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中11. run along 跨越12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气13. take in air 呼吸空气14. take in 吸入；吞入（体内）15. in the face of difficulties 面对困难16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事17. achieve one s dream 实现某人的梦想18. the forces of

4、nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到达顶峰20. even though 虽然；尽管21. at birth 出生时22. be awake 醒着23. run over w ith excitement 兴奋地跑过去24. walk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒26. the first person to do sth. 第一个做某事的人27. every two years 每两年28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木29. endangered animals 濒危动物30. fewer and fewer

5、pandas 大熊猫越来越少31. be in danger 处于危险之中32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性三 重点句型1. It is -adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth. 做某事It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。2. is because 是因为One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselv

6、es in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想在面临困难时挑战自己。3. show(s) that 显示出The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。4. How high/ deep/ is . ? 多高/ 深？How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗玛峰有多高？5. Although. , 虽然，但是Although J

7、apan is older than Canada, it is much smaller. 虽然日本比加拿大历史更悠久，但它比加拿大小多了。6. sb. spend time/money doing sth.某人花时间/钱做Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花12 个多小时的时间吃大约10公斤竹子。7 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.=Qomolangma is the hi

8、ghest mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何山都高。 /珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。8 . China has the biggest population in the world.中国在世界上人口数量最多。9 . Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？10 Feel free to ask me anything on todays Great Wall tour.在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。1

9、1 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this就我所知，没有和它一样大的其他人造物体了。12 The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.喜马拉雅山脉蜿蜒于中国的西南部。13 . Even more serious difficuhies include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更严峻的困难包括极冷的天气条件和巨大的风暴。14 This elephant weighs m

10、any times more than this panda.这头大象比这只熊猫重许多倍。15 . A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. 熊猫能活20到30年。16 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.科学家们说如今生活在森林里的熊猫不足2000只。17 The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.这些熊猫幼崽经常死于疾病并且活不了多长时间。三 重点语法1.A 物

11、体长、宽、高、深的表达法：表示物体的长宽高深时，用“数词+单位名称+形容词（long, deep, high, wide，tall.)等，如one meter tall，一米高；如果数词超过一，单位名称要用复数形式，如1025 meters deep 1025米深； eg.Yao Ming is over two meters high. The small road is about 100 meterslong and 2 meters wide. B 物体的长宽高深还可用“数字+量词（单数）+long/wide/tall/high/deep.等表示，各个词间用连字符连接，常用做复合形式词

12、，作前置定语,后需加名词。 eg:Tom is 2 meters tall.=Tom is a two-meter-tall boy. Qomalangma is 8844 meters high.=Qomalangma is an 8844-meter-high mountain.C 大数的表达与读法1000以上的基数词的表示法：先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗点（即以此把数目分为若干段）。第一个逗点前的数为thousand(千），第二个逗点前的数为million(百万），第三个逗点前的数为billion(十亿）。9，883 nine thousand eight hundred and ei

13、ghty-three.65,359 sixty-five thousand three hundred and fifty nine.265,468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand four hundred and sixty-eight60,263,150 sixty million two hundred and sixty-three thousand one hundred and fifty.注意：hundred后通常要加上连词and，若读数中没有hundred，则在thousand后加andEg:1004 one thousand and f

14、our 1054 one thousand and fifty-fourD 形容词副词规则变化表情况词尾变化例词单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词直接在词尾加er，estsmall,smaller,smallest以-e结尾的词加-r,-stlarge,larger,largest以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-er,-estbusy,busier,busiest结尾时重读闭音节的词双写最后一个辅音字母，-er,-estbig,bigger,biggest多音节或部分双音节形容词原级前加more,mostoutgoing-more outgoing-most outgoingPopu

15、lar-more popular-most popular由动词+ed/ing构成的形容词原级前加more,mostinteresting-more interesting-most interestingbored-more bored-most bored形容词+后缀-ly构成的副词原级前加more,mostslowly-more slowly-most slowlyhappily-more happily-most happily不规则变化形容词比较级最高级good;wellbetterbestmany;muchmoremostbad;badly;illworseworstlittlel

16、essleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest部分双音节和多音节形容词变化方法：在原级形容词前加more变为比较级，加most变为最高级。例如：Important-moreimportant-mostimportant popular-more popular-most populardifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult carefully-more carefully-most carefully注意：有少数单音节形容词，通常用加more,most的方法构成比较

17、级和最高级，如pleased,glad,tried等形容词与副词比较级的用法1 常用句型：（1） They have more oranges than us./Tom runs faster than Tom. 主谓+比较级+than+比较对像（2） Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 主谓+比较级+than any other+单数名词，指一个人或物比同一范围内的任何其他一个都.。（3） Jack is the thinner of the two brothers. 主谓+the+比较级+of the two+.,表示主语是两

18、者中较.的那个，是特指的情况。（4） The 比较级+句子，the 比较级+句子，越.,就越.，表示两个过程按同比例同时增减。 The harder you study, the better grades youll get.你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。（5） 比较级+比较级，表示越来越，harder and harder.注意：多音节词及部分双音节形容词或副词用于此结构时，要用“more and more+形容词/副词原级。 The city is becoming more and more beautiful.2 比较级前可用far,even,a lot,a little, a b

19、it, much等修饰，表示程度进一步加深。Im a little taller than her. 我比她高一点儿。 形容词与副词最高级用法最高级常用于三者或三者以上的人或事（物）之间的比较。在表示最高程度，即表示其中一个在某方面”最.时使用。使用时，形容词前最高级通常要加the，句中常含有表示比较范围的介词of或in; of 后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in后一般接表示单位或场所的名词。常用句型：（1） Bill is the thinnest boy of us. /Kate studies（the) hardest in our class主谓+(the)+最高级+in/of

20、. 表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中最.(2) The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 主谓+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of，表示.是最.的之一。(3) Li Ming is the second tallest boy in our class.李明是我们班第二高的男孩。 主谓+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词+in/of.,表示.是第.的（4） Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?月亮、

21、地球和太阳哪个最大？Who sings best, Jim, Tom or Tim? 谁唱歌最好，吉姆、汤姆还是蒂姆？ 疑问词+谓语动词+（the)+最高级， A、B、C?是最高级的选择疑问问。意为在”ABC中，.最.?注意： 副词最高级前的the可以省略；最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不用the. She is my best friend.她是我最好的朋友；表示非常的most前不用加the. He is a most interesting man.四 知识点：1. China has the biggest population in the world.(1)population

22、n. 人口；人口数量，是一个集合名词常与定冠词the 连用，单独做主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式.The worlds population is larger and larger.(2)分数或百分数修饰population时，谓语动词常用复数About sixty percent of the population in China are farmers.(3)表示人口的多与少时，用large、big或small(4)询问人口时用Whats the population of ?Its about 1.4 billion. (5) 某地有多少人口时，用“have/has a pop

23、ulation of+数字” 或“The population is +数字”China has a pupulation of about 1.3 billion.=The population of China is about 1.3 billion.中国大约有13亿人口。2 .feel free to do sth.意为：可以随便做某事 feel free to eat dinner here anytime.3 ancient与old 区分ancient更强调经历的年代久远并且或多或少有点历史价值,而old一般指年龄大的或者一个东西陈旧的老掉牙的.4. protect v. 保护 p

24、rotection n. 保护 protect from/against意为“保护、免受”eg. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.under the protection of在的保护下The people are under the protection of their country. 5. as far as 意为“就而言，像，正如” eg. As far as I can see, that isnt a real dog. as far as I know 据我所知 As f

25、ar as I know, the Yangze River is the longest river in China. as fas as I can see 据我所见 .6. thick His dictionary is thick. 厚的 a thick forest 茂密的森林 密集的 a thick tree粗壮的树7 include v. 包含、包括 The price includes house and furniture. included adj. 一般位于名词或代词之后做后置定语 Everyone is here, me included. including 与名词

26、、代词一起形成介词短语Everyone is here, including me.8. freeze v. 结冰，结冻 Water freezes below freezing. 冰点以下水结冰。 freezing adj. 极冷的，冰冻的 It was freezing cold that morning.freezing n. 冰点eg. frozen adj. I dont like to eat frozen food. 9 The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junk

27、oTabei from Japan in 1975.中国登山队于1960年首次登顶，而来自日本的田部井淳子在1975年成为第一个成功的女登山者。 while 除做当.时讲引导时间状语从句，还可做作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。10. take in 吸入，吞入；接受eg. He had nowhere to live, so we took him in. Shall we go out to take in fresh air?11.succeed vi. 成功 succeed in doing sth. The boy succeeded in passing

28、the exam.12. challenge v. 挑战 challenge sb. to (do) sth.向某人挑战做某事 He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下象棋。n. 挑战 eg. accept the challenge 13. face n. 面孔，脸孔 in the face of意为“面对（问题、困难）” He showed great bravery in the face of danger. v. 面对，面朝face the challenge 14.achieve v. 达成，实现eg. achieve ones+.(dream/

29、success/ victory/aim) Everyone should be given the chance to achieve their aims. achievement n. 成绩，成就与come true区分achieve常用作及物动词，主语是人，其宾语可以是“实现”的目标，目的等；也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、地位等。come true不及物动词短语；其主语是希望、愿望、梦想等， 不能用于被动语态。achieve our dreams = make our dream come true.show 动词时常用短语：表展示，给.看，show sb around a place

30、,带领某人参观某地。 show off 炫耀。15. force n. 力量 the force of nature 自然的力量 v强迫、迫使 force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事 They forced him to leave the small town.16.nature n. 大自然、自然界 They stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. natural adj. 自然的，天生的 The countrys natural resources include forest, coal and oil. 这个国家的自然资源包括森林

31、、煤和石油 He is a natural musician. 他是一个天生的音乐家。17. weigh 意为“重量是”，此处为系动词 He weighs 60 kilos.他重60公斤。 How much does it weigh? 它有多重？ weigh,及物动词：称.的重量。 He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。 weight un.不可数名词： Whats the weight of the sheep?18. The elephant weighs many times more than this panda. 这是一个含有比较级的句子，表示倍数。其结构为“倍

32、数+比较级+than”,表示“比（大/小/长/短）几倍”This box is three times bigger than that one.这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大。19. at birth 出生时 ，在句中通常做时间状语 He weighed eight pounds at birth.她出生时重8磅。20.research un/cn，un.时居多，研究、调查，research的复数形式通常不与many或数词连用 do/make/carry out research in/on/into/for+研究内容Please make a research into the cause o

33、f the plane crash.21.awake与wakeawake adj.作表语不能作定语，反义词asleep意为“睡着的”Is he awake?wake v. What time do you wake up? 22 prepare sth for sb.是固定用法：意为：“为.准备.” Ill prepare some drinks and snacks for you.prepare for “为.做准备”The students are busy preparing for the final exam. 学生们正忙于为期末考试做准备。23. or so=about/arou

34、nd or so意为大约，位于数词或表示时间名词之后；而about/around表大约时，常放在数词或表示时间的名词之前。 Eg. It took them 3years or so to build this road.= It took them about/around 3years to build this road.another意为另一，又一; 常放在数词之前，而other表示“另一”时，则放在数词之后。another+基数词+名词=基数词+other+名词 We stayed there for another three days.= We stayed there for

35、three other days. 我们在那又待了三天。24 fall over/fall down/fall offfall over强调“向前摔倒，跌倒；绊倒fall down指“滑到，倒下”，后跟宾语时要加fromfall off强调跌落，从.掉下来，后面直接跟宾语25 up to (1) 达到（某种数量，程度）等There are up to 2000 students in that school. (2) 直到（现在） up to now=up till now (3) be up to sb. 由某人做决定 Its up to you to decide where to go.

36、 26. die 的短语： die from通常指由于外部原因（事故、缺乏食物等）造成的死亡，当表示因病死亡时二者可互换 die of通常指由于人体自身原因（年老、忧伤）造成的死亡。 The man died from the flood. 那个男人因洪水而死。The old man died of the sorrow.（忧伤） 那个老人死于忧伤。27. risk ones life to do sth. / of doing sth. 冒险去做.。eg. Why do so many climbers risk their lives to climb/ of climbing the m

37、ountain? 为什么如此多的登山者冒着生命危险去登那座山？28 run 短语： run to 跑向 run into 偶然碰见；与.相撞 run away 逃跑 run out 用完，耗尽 run over 跑向；碾过；匆匆浏览29 . another, more another +数字+名词=数字+more+名词 eg. I have another two apples.=I have two more aples.30. other 与 another other 两者（部分）另一个；another 三者（部分）另一个eg. One of my shoes is here, but where is the other one？ Would you like another cup of tea?31.四大洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋