九年级英语仁爱版下册Unit5-Topic3-知识点梳理.doc

1、Unit 5 China and the WorldTopic 3 Now is it a symbol of England.一 重要句型：Section A1. Kangkang has come to Susannas house and seen some beautiful pictures hanging on the wall.康康来到苏珊娜家里，看到一些美丽的图片挂在墙上。（1） see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程或经常反复发生； see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.如: I saw her go a

2、cross the street. 我看见她过了马路. I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路.常见的感官动词有：see, watch, hear, smell(嗅觉), feel 等。后可接动词ing形式，表此动作正在发生。动词原形，不表此动作正在发生, 表此动作已完成或存在的事实。 （2） hang on the wall 挂在墙上；on the wall & in the wall 区别：on the wall / in the wall都译为在墙上.由于介词不同,在使用上有区别。如：图画、黑板、风筝等在墙上,是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用

3、on the wall；门窗、钉子、洞、孔等在墙上,是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall.类似的还有 in the tree & on the treeon the tree/in the tree都译为在树上.on the tree表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等；in the tree表示某物或某人在树上.2. What a beautiful picture! 多么漂亮的图片啊！3. People were either early or late. 人们早晚不一。 either or 用于连接两个表示选择关系的名词或代词，意为“要么要么”。He must be eith

4、er mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。注意：通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如： You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。4. She had it built so that everyone would have the same time她让人建造了这个钟，目的是每个人都有相同的时间。 have + sth （宾语）+ 过去分词（宾语补足 语）”意为

5、“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth 与过去 分词表示的动作之间是被动关系 。相当于ask sb. to do sth. 练一练：I want to have him _ the job, but she had it _ instead. A. do, done B.does, doing C.to do, doing D.to do, done5. Do you know the picture below? 你知道下面这张图片吗？ below adv. & prep. 在下面； under prep. & adv. 在下面；在下方；

6、 below 表示“在下方或位置低于”，不一定有垂 直在下之意；它的反义词是above。 Write your name below the line在线下写上你的名字。 under表示“在正下方”；有时可与below通用，但它指处于某物的正下方，其反义词是over。如： He stood under a tree. 他站在树下。 6. But do you know that Eiffel designed not only the Statue of Liberty but also the Eiffel Tower? 但是你知道埃菲尔不仅设计了自由女神像还设计了埃菲尔铁塔吗？not on

7、ly.but also. 表示“不仅而且；既又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。另外，在使用not onlybut also时还应注意以下几点：a. 有时可将but also分开用，即将but视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句子，然后将also用于句中（用谓语动词用在一起）。Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvelous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。b. 该结构中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成to

8、o, as well（置于句末）。如：He not only washed the car, but polished it too as well. 他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。c. 有时因为语境的需要，not onlybut also也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半因为承前省略的原因。如：He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后

9、承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。d 当not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。5. 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次，她还没干一点活。有时也可见到不倒装

10、的情形，此时主要见于but also后接省略结构的情况（省略只剩下主语）。Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐。Section B1. Although he was both poor and didnt have much education, he never gave up reading books. 尽管他很穷又没接受很多教育，但是她从没有放弃读书。although 虽然，尽管。引导让步状语从句，不和but同时出现在句子中。Although he is ninety year old, h

11、e can still look after himself. 尽管他九十岁了，但他仍然能自理。2. Not only did she discover radium but also she won the Nobel Prize twice in her lifetime.她不但发现了镭元素而且她一生中获得过两次诺贝尔奖。not only- but (also)-意为“不仅而且.”。当连接两个分句时， 前一个分句用倒装句式，后一个分句用陈述语序。 练一练：Not only_ polluted but_ crowded. A. was the city, were the streets B

12、. the city was, were the streets C. was the city, the streets were D. the city was, the streets were2. She stopped serving the patients as a nurse after the war. 战后她不再当护士照顾病人。 A. stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Stop talking, the teacher is coming。别说了，老师来了。B. stop to do sth. 停下来做别的事； We are tired, lets stop t

13、o have a rest. 我们累了停下来休息会儿。Section C1. There were neither teachers not schools, but Lincolns stepmother encouraged him to study. 在那里既没有老师，也没有学校，但是林肯的继母鼓励他学习。（1） neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。She likes neither butter nor cheese.（连接名词） 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。She is neither clever nor hardworking. （连接

14、形容词）她既不聪明， 又不勤奋。此句中neither.nor.连接两个宾语。当neither.nor.连接两个主语时，也应遵循就近原则。Neither he nor she is at home today. （连接代词）今天他和她都不在家。若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。（2） encourage sb. o do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 He encouraged me to go abroad. 他鼓励我出国。2. People trust him and began to call hi

15、m “Honest Abe”.人们信任他并开始称他为“诚实的亚伯”。 call +宾语+宾语补足语，意为“称/叫为”。 We call him Xiaowang.我们叫他小王。3. During the following years, he took a more active part in politics.在以后的几年里，他积极参加政治活动。（1） the following years 在以后几年； (2) take an active part in 积极参加； He often takes an active part in outdoor activities. 他积极参加户外

16、活动。4. Both the northern states and President Lincoln wanted get rid of those laws.北方各州和林肯总统都想解除这些法律。 （1）both and 两者都； Both English and Chinese are interesting. 英语和汉语都很有趣。 （2）get rid of 除掉，去掉；革除； You seem in rather a hurry to get rid of me. 看起来你急于想摆脱我。Section D1. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the

17、 World. 它是世界的七大奇迹之一。2. The Great Pyramid was considered a unique building in the 19th century.金字塔被认为是19世纪独特的建筑。3. According to scientific research, the ancient King, Khufu, ordered his men to build the Great Pyramid stone by stone. 根据科学研究，古代的国王胡夫，命令他的臣民用一块一块的石头修建金字塔。（1） according to 依照，据所说；According

18、 to your explanation, I understand the text. （2） order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事；有此用法的常用动词有ask, want, tell。The boss ordered him to wash the dishes. 老板命令他刷这些盘子。4. But many scientists continue to study their methods. 但是科学家继续研究他们的方法。 continue to do sth. 持续不断地做某事；二 重点语法-连词：1. both.and. 两者都；既又；不仅而且；（1）连接主语，

19、谓语用复数形式。Both you and I are good students.你和我都是好学生。（2） 连接谓语。I can both speak and write English.我既会说英语又会写英语。注意：both.and.的否定用 neither .nor .He can speak both English and French. 他既会说英语也会说法语。He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不会说英语也不会说法语。2. neither.nor 既不也不；两者都不； （1）连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致。Neithe

20、r he nor I am from China.他和我都不是中国人。 （2）连接谓语。I neither like playing computer games nor like watching TV.我既不喜欢玩电脑游戏也不喜欢看电视。3. ether.or. 或或；要么要么；不是就是；（1） 连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致。Either you or he goes to school by bike. （2）连接谓语。You can either go to school or stay at home.你要么去上学，要么待在家里。4. not onlybut also

21、.不但而且； （1）连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致。Not only you but also he speaks Japanese in our class. （2）连接谓语。 Tom not only speaks English but also speaks Japanese at school. （3）连接宾语。 The problem for the recipient(接受者) was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.收信人

22、不仅要尽力猜出是谁的，还要推测寄信人内心有什么想法。 （4）连接宾语补足语。 Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. （5）连接表语。 Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor 莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。练一练：用both.and, neither.nor, not only.but also., either.or.填空。1. _he_you have taken my umbrella by mistake.2

23、._students_teachers have been there.3.After supper, we often_ read newspaper_watch TV.4._Tom_Jack has passed the exam.5.You_love him_hate him.6.I dont want to visit_Beijing_Shanghai.三重点词组：the queen of England 英国女皇；a symbol of England 英国的象征；look like 长得像；a huge sailing boat 巨型帆船；a good description 形象

24、的描述；the Opera House 歌剧院；the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像；a gift from France to the USA一个法国送给美国的礼物；New York Harbor 纽约港；the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔；seedoing sth. 看见正在；eitheror 或或；要么要么；have sth. done 让别人做；not onlybut also 不但而且；the International Exhibition of Paris 巴黎国际展览会；Big Ben 大本钟；be famous for 以出名；the privat

25、e home 私人住所；refer to 谈及；涉及；ring out 发声；the Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔；make a report about sb. 做关于某人的报告；have much education 接受很多教育；both.and. 两者都;give up doing sth. 放弃做某事；become one of the greatest presidents最伟大的总统之一；win the Nobel Prize twice 赢得两次诺贝尔奖；explore spirits 探索精神；photographic film 电影摄像器材；nurse the so

26、ldiers 照顾士兵；serve the patients 照顾病人；The International Nurse 国际护士节；stop doing sth. 停止做某事；stop to do sth. 停下来做某事；carry a lamp in ones hand手提一盏灯；struggle to live 为生存而奋斗；encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；receive a law license 获得法律执照；be elected the sixteenth president of the United Stated被选为美国第十六任总统；break

27、 out 爆发；form their own country 建立他们自己的国家；get rid of 解除，除掉；less than a week 不到一周；less than 少于，不足；set free. 释放；be content with 对满足，对满意；break up 拆开，分散；粉碎；the following years 在以后几年；take an active part in 积极参加；by oneself 靠某人自己；try hard to do sth.尽力去做某件事；a brief introduction 简要介绍；learnfrom 向学习；neither.nor.既不也不 The Great Pyramid 金字塔；The Seven Wonders 七大奇迹；The Largest Pyramid最大的金字塔；according to 依照，据所说；order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事；model tool 现代工具；show the wisdom and the achievement of 展现了聪明才智和伟大成就；