人教新目标英语八年级上册Unit1知识讲解+练习题(含答案).docx

1、人教新目标英语八年级上册 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?词句精讲精练 撰稿人： 审稿人：词汇精讲1. anywhere anywhere是副词，意为“在任何地方”，常用在否定句或疑问句中，而在肯定句中，则多用somewhere。例如： He cant find his English book anywhere. 他到处找不到他的英语书。 I think he must live somewhere. 我觉得他肯定住在某个地方。2. fewfew 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：I can see few birds in t

2、he tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。a few 意为“几个；少许” 相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。【拓展】(1) little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。(2) a little 意为“有点儿；少量” 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：He has a littl

3、e money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。(3) 相关短语：quite a few = not a few 相当多的 quite a little许多only a little = but a little 相当少 3. most(1) most后可直接

4、跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如：Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。(2) most前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。例如：This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。(3) most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，用most of代替most。 例如：I did mos

5、t of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。 Most of the time we eat fish. 绝大部分时间我们都吃鱼肉。【拓展】(1) almost = very nearly，指在程度上相差很少，almost可与no，none，nothing，never，nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。例如： I almost missed the flight我差一点误了航班。 Almost no one believed what he said几乎没人相信他的话。 (2) mostlymainly 意为“大部分、主要地”。例如： The st

6、udents in our class are mostly from the factory. 我们班的学生主要来自这家工厂。 His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries 他的故事大多是关于他在国外旅游的经历4. bored bored也是形容词，意为“感到厌烦的”，一般用来说明人的感受。例如： Im bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。【拓展】(1) boring是形容词，意为“令人厌烦的”，一般用来说明事物的特征。例如： The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。(

7、2) 英语中，带-ing的形容词，用来形容事物，指某事物的性质、特征，意为“令人的”“让人的”，常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的，意为“感到的”“使人的”，其主语是人，类似的词有： exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 moving 令人感动的 excited （人）感到兴奋的 interested（人）感兴趣的 moved（人）感动的 tiring 令人厌倦的 tired（人）感到疲倦/累/厌烦的 5. decide decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。常见用法有：(1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例如： I cant

8、 decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。 例如： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。The boy decided to be a sailor. 那男孩决定做海员。 The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor. 医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。【拓展】 decide on意为“由决定；决定于”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I decided on goi

9、ng to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。6. enough (1) enough作形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如： The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。 (2) enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The

10、 young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。【拓展】 (1) enoughto do sth. “有足够的做某事”。例如： I dont have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。 (2) enough to do可以同tooto或sothat结构互相转换。例如： He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant

11、 go to school. 他太小而不能上学。7. seem seem是系动词，意为“好像，似乎，看来”，后常接形容词。例如： He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。【拓展】 seem的用法归纳： (1) seem + 名词 例如： He seems a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。 (2) seem like意为“好像，似乎”。 例如： It seemed like not a bad idea at that time. 那时这主意好像不错。 (3) seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如： I seem to have lef

12、t my book at home. 我好像把书忘在家里了。 (4) It seems that或It seemed that意为“看起来好像，似乎”。例如： It seemed that he was very happy. 他看上去好像很高兴。 (5) seem to be + 形容词或名词 例如： She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。8. try try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事，尽量去做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如： Try not to be late again. 尽量别再迟到了。 Try to get h

13、ere in two hours.尽量在两小时之内到达。【拓展】(1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”，强调尝试做某事。例如： You should try eating more vegetables. 你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。(2) try ones best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：We should try our best to finish the work on time. 我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。(3) try 构成的短语： try sth. on 试穿 try out sth. 试验、检验 have a try 试

14、一试 try for sth. 试图获得某物 try ones best 尽某人最大努力词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 任何有趣的地方_ 2. quite a few _3. 感到厌烦_ 4. decide to do sth. _5. 足够大_6. 尝试做某事_7. buy sth. for sb. _8. 看起来漂亮_9. too many books_10. because of_II. 根据汉语或首字母提示，完成下列单词。1. I think Huangguoshu Waterfall is very w_.2. There are quite a f_ apple trees ther

15、e.3. There is s_ wrong with my computer.4. Mr. Black _(好像) to be quite happy.5. His talk made us feel b_, so we wanted to go home.6. The girl d_ to be a singer when she grew up.7. The cat ran after the rat and t_ to catch it. 8. Do you know the _(不同点) between the two books?9. My mother is w_ for me

16、at the bus stop.10. After the long walk, they were _(饥饿的) and thirsty.III. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. On my next day off, I dont want _(go) for a drive.2. What _ you _(see) when you were in Chicago?3. The little boy _(study) hard every day.4. They _(not watch) TV last night.5. Where _(be) you yesterday. I _(be

17、) at home.6. Tom _(come) here last week.7. We decided _(go) abroad on vacation.8. I think you should try _(eat) more vegetables. IV. 用适当的复合不定代词填空。（答案不唯一）1. Theres _ in this bag, its empty. 2. There is _ waiting outside to see you. She didnt tell me her name. 3. I didnt invite all of them, but _ has

18、come. 4. There isnt _ watching TV at the moment. 5. Shall I make you _ to eat? Yes, please. Im really hungry. 6. Its a secret. _ knows about it. 7. Will you ask _ to carry this bag for me, please? 8. Is there _ wrong with you bike? No, _ is wrong. 参考答案I. 英汉互译。1. anywhere interesting 2. 相当多，不少 3. fee

19、l bored 4. 决定做某事 5. big enough6. try doing sth. 7. 为某人买某物 8. look beautiful 9. 太多的书 10. 因为II. 根据汉语或首字母提示，完成下列单词。1. wonderful 2. few 3. something 4. seems 5. bored 6. decided 7. tried8. differences 9. waiting 10. hungryIII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. to go 2. did; see 3. studies 4. didnt watch 5. were; was 6. c

20、ame7. to go 8. eatingIV. 用适当的复合不定代词填空。（答案不唯一）1. nothing 2. someone / somebody 3. everybody / everyone 4. anybody / anyone 5. something 6. Nobody / No one 7. somebody / someone 8. anything, nothing句式精讲1. Did you do anything special last month? 本句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句，其中的anything special意为“任何特别的事”，special是形容

21、词，修饰anything。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。例如：Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗？Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？【拓展】复合不定代词的用法： (1) 复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyon

22、e, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。(2)复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。(3) 由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；some

23、one和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1) something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如：He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Doyouhaveanythingtosay？你有话要说吗？I didnt meetanybodyontheisland. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。2) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方

24、肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。例如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？要些吃的东西吗？Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？3) 当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。例如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。口诀： 不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时

25、何地都一样。2. Yes, I bought something for my father. 本句中用了buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”，也可用buy sb. sth，即buy后跟双宾语，sb. 指人是间接宾语，sth.指物是直接宾语。例如： He bought me a present. = He bought a present for me. 他给我买了一份礼物。【拓展】 英语中带双宾语的动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须加上to或for。常见的此种用法的动词分两类： (1) 动词buy; draw; make等可跟双

26、宾语，当直接宾语前置时，必须在间接宾语前加for，即： buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 例如： Mother made a pair of trousers for her son. 母亲为儿子做了一条裤子。 (2) 动词give; pass; lend; write; show; send; hand和bring接双宾语，当直接宾语前置时，需在间接宾语前加to构成。即：give/ pass/ lend sth. to sb. 例如： Ill send it to you. 我会把它送给你的。 【注意】上述能接双宾语的动词，一般情况下两种形式可以互换，即vt. + sb.

27、 + sth. = vt. + sth. for(to) sb.。但当直接宾语是代词时，不论间接宾语是何种词性，只能用vt. + sth.(代词) + for(to) sb. 3. Everything tasted really good!本句中的taste在此是系动词，意为“尝起来”，后面接形容词作表语。例如： The food tastes good. 食物尝起来很香。【拓展】(1) look，sound，smell，taste，feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关，可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”

28、。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。(2) look，sound，smell，taste，feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。4. because there were too many people. too many在句中

29、作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接可数名词。例如： There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析：词语词形特点too much形容词短语后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语too many形容词短语后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语much too副词短语后跟形容词或副词例如：Dont eat too much sweet. Its bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，

30、对牙齿不好。Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。 I had too much. Im full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。Youasktoomanyquestions. 你问得太多了。5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.本句中的because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄

31、关系他失去了工作。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 【拓展】because和because of的辨析：(1) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because后面接句子，常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在；而because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。 Because Lingling was ill, she didnt co

32、me to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。 Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 We couldnt have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 那听起来很无趣。That sounds very _.2. 此后，他们就没有买其他的东西了。 After that, they didnt buy _ _.3. 王小姐喜欢在公园里照相。 Miss Wan

33、g likes _ _ in the park.4. 把你的照片给我看看好吗? Can you _ me your photographs? 5. 这是一本有趣的书，你想读吗？ This is an _ book, do you want to read it?6. 因为下雨，我们没有去看电影。 We didnt go to the movies _ _ the rain.7. 我想给妈妈买一件外套。 I want _ _ a coat _ my mother.8. 箱子太重了，我搬不动。Theboxis _heavy,soIcantcarryit.II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. It ra

34、ined a lot that day. (改为一般疑问句)_it _ a lot that day?2. There were some actors at the aquarium. (改为一般疑问句)_ there _ actors at the aquarium?3. My day off was very boring. (就划线部分提问)_ _ your day off?4. My brother made me a kite yesterday. (同义句转换) My brother _ a kite _ me yesterday.5. He isnt old enough to

35、 go to school. (同义句转换) He is _ young _ he cant go to school.III. 阅读填词。 On May Day, the students in our class h_(1) a great time on the school trip. We went to the zoo that day. F_(2) we watched a m_(3) about pandas. Next we v_(4) the pandas and took a lot of p_(5). They were really shy a_(6) lovely.

36、 After lunch, we went to a gift shop where we b_(7) lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, we t_(8) the bus back to school. At the e_(9) of the day, our teacher was very happy, because we c_(10) the bus after this trip. IV. 补全对话。A: Oh, John, what did you do?B: You wont believe it. But 1A: Jake Dea

37、n, the famous actor? You really met him.B: Yes, he was making a movie in the zoo.A: Wow. 2B: No, I didnt. Lucy did. 3 Here it is.A: Wow. 4B: No, we only saw Jake. Look, here is Toby. He won a prize in the gift shop.A: 5B: No, I didnt. I bought it.A. Were there other actors there?B. Did you win that

38、CD?C. I met Jake Dean!D. But I took his photo.E. Did you get his autograph?1._2._3._4._5._参考答案I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. boring 2. anything else 3. taking photos 4. show 5. interesting6. because of 7. to buy; for 8. much tooII. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Did; rain 2. Were; any 3. How was 4. made; for 5. so; thatIII. 阅读填词。1. had 2. First 3. movie 4. visited 5. photos 6. and 7. bought 8. took 9. end 10. cleanedIV. 补全对话。1-5 CEDAB