人教新目标八年级英语上册期末备考知识点梳理.docx

1、期末备考一、必考语法语法项目常考点及易错点例句不定代词不定代词是指代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的词。1. (1)some和any既可修饰复数可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 some多用于肯定句， any则多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。(2)some用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定的答复。There isnt any water in the cup.杯子里没有水。Would you like somecoffee with sugar?你要加糖的咖啡吗？2. few， little均意为“很少；几乎没有”，侧重否定的含义； a few， a little均意为“有几个，有一些

2、”，侧重肯定的含义； few， a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物， little， a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。Dont worry. There is still a little timeleft. 别着急，还有一点儿时间。You can get a few books from him.你可以从他那儿得到一些书。3. many意为“很多”，与复数可数名词连用； much意为“很多”，与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等成分。I dont have many friends here.在这里我没有很多的朋友。They havent got mu

3、ch work to do.他们没有多少事情可做。4. 由some-， any-， no-， every-构成的复合不定代词作主语时，都看作单数，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Something is wrong with my watch.我的手表有一些问题。5. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应将形容词放于复合不定代词的后面。Theres nothing important in todaysnewspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的事情。6. either意为“两者中的任何一个”； neither是either的否定形式，意为“两者都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、

4、宾语或定语等成分，都用作单数。Will you go there by bus or by bike?你坐公共汽车去那儿，还是骑自行车去那儿？Neither. 两者都不。7. all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰名词； both指两个人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词。 all和both在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。I know all of the four British students intheir school. 在他们学校里的四名英国学生我全认识。8. another意为“又一；再一；另一(人或事物)”，一般用来修饰或代替单数可数名词，其前不加其他定语，多指三者

5、或三者以上，表示的是不定数目。I have two pieces of cake, but I wantanother.我有两块蛋糕，可我还想再要一块。9. (1)every是形容词，只能作定语修饰单数可数名词，意为“每一个”，表示整体概念。(2)each可用作形容词和代词，可作主语、宾语或定语等成分，意为“每个，各个”，表示单个概念；each也可以放在名词前，后面也可以跟of短语。Every one of the students in his classstudies very hard.他班上每名学生学习都很用功。Each of the students has something to

6、do. 每名学生都有事情做。频度副词频度副词可用来回答how often的提问。 how often意为“多久一次”，用来提问动作发生的频率。always usually often sometimes seldom neverHow often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1. 构成(1) 规则变化一般单音节词词尾加-er或-est；以不发音的字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st；重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est；以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改“

7、 y”为“ i”，再加-er或-est；多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more或most。(2)不规则变化good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthesttall taller tallestgreat greater greatestnice nicer nicestlarge larger largestbig biggerbiggesthot hotter hottesteasy easier easies

8、tbusy busier busiestclever cleverer cleverestimportant more importantmost importanteasily more easily most easily2. 用法(1)表示两者(人或事物)的比较时，用比较级，其结构为“ A.+比较级+ than +B”。(2)表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较时，用最高级。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，句末常跟in/of 短语等来表示范围。(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原级。肯定句结构： A.+as+形容词/副词原级+ as+ B.否定句结构： A.+not

9、 as/so+形容词/副词原级+ as +B.(4)在形容词和副词的比较级前，可以用much，even， still， a little， a lot， far等修饰。Chinas area is larger than Americas.中国的疆域比美国的大。Its the coolest day of the latest threedays.今天是近三天来最凉爽的一天。Water is as important as food to plants.对于植物来说，水如同养料一样重要。He seems not as/so healthy as before.他看上去健康大不如前。Can yo

10、u speak a little more slowly?你能否说得稍慢一点儿？be going to“ be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或安排，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。其各种句式变换都需借助be动词来完成， be随主语和时态有am， is， are， was， were的变换。He is going to take the bus there.他打算乘公共汽车去那儿。What are you going to do this weekend?这个周末你打算做什么？if引导的条件状语从句if 表示“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，主要用于下列结构中：(1)if从句用一般现

11、在时，主句用一般将来时。(2)if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should/may/might/can等情态动词。(3)if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。If he runs, hell get there in time.如果他跑过去，他就会及时赶到那儿。If it stops snowing, we can go out.如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。If you need help, let me know.如果你需要帮助，让我知道。二、必考短语归类考点一 try的常见短语try (not) to do sth. 尽力(不)做某事；尽量(不)做某事try doing sth. 试着

12、做某事try on 试穿try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事have/take a try 试一下考点二 help的常见短语help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事with the help of 在的帮助下help oneself to 随便吃/喝考点三 “go+动名词”的常见短语go fishing 去钓鱼go skating 去滑冰go climbing 去爬山go swimming 去游泳go skiing 去滑雪go cycling 去骑自行车考点四 “动词+up”的常见短语pic

13、k up 捡起；拾起look up 查阅；查找wake up 叫醒；醒来get up 起来；起床grow up 长大eat up 吃完give up 放弃put up 搭起；搭建考点五 how构成的特殊疑问短语how many 多少how much 多少；多少钱how often 多久一次how long 多长时间how soon 多久以后how old 多大年龄how tall 多高how big 多大how deep 多深how heavy 多重考点六 look的常见短语look at 看look for 寻找look up 向上看；查阅look after 照顾look through

14、浏览look around 向四周看look out (for) 小心look down 向下看have/take a look 看一看look forward to 期待look like 看起来像look over 仔细检查look up to 钦佩；仰慕look down on/upon 看不起；藐视考点七 shake的常见短语shake ones head 摇头shake hands (with sb.) (和某人)握手milk shake 奶昔考点八 turn的常见短语turn on 打开turn off 关闭turn in 上交turn up 开大；调高turn down 开小；调

15、低；拒绝turn into 变成考点九 piece的常见短语a piece of bread 一块面包；一片面包a piece of news 一则新闻a piece of music 一首乐曲a piece of information 一条信息a piece of meat 一块肉；一片肉考点十 prepare的常见短语prepare for 为做准备prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物三、必考句型整理1. I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉自己就像一只鸟。2. I wonder what life

16、 was like here in the past.我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样子的。3. What a difference a day makes!一天的差异是多么大啊！4. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard.当我们到达山顶的时候，天正下着大雨。5. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的腿是如此累，以至于我想停下来。6. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on.我的同班同学告诉我要坚持下去，所以我继续前进

17、。7. Here are the results. 下面是调查结果。8. We found that only fifteen percent of our studentsexercise every day.我们发现，只有15%的学生每天锻炼。9. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!20%的学生根本就不锻炼！10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 对我们提出的有关看电视的问题的回答也颇有意思。11. Although

18、many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 虽然许多学生喜欢观看体育节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。12. So start exercising before its too late!所以开始锻炼起来，不要等到来不及了！13. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. 这便是我喜欢看书而且在班上学习更加努力的原因。14. Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.我腼腆，

19、因此对我来说，交朋友并不容易。15. But I think friends are like booksyou dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 但是，我认为朋友就像书(朋友)不在多而贵在好。16. Larry is much less hard-working, though.然而，拉里学习并不是很用功。17. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我并不十分在乎我的朋友跟我一样或与我不同。18. Some people might a

20、sk how this cartoon animal became so popular. 有人可能会问这个卡通动物是如何变得如此受欢迎的。19. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. 其中一个主要原因是米老鼠就像一个普通人，但是他总是尽力面对任何危险。20. On November 18, 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the

21、Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1978年11月18日，米老鼠成为在好莱坞星光大道上拥有一颗星星的第一个卡通形象。21. However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Years resolutions. 然而，你对自己做出的承诺就是决心，最常见的一种是新年决心。22. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve

22、 our lives. 当我们在年初下决心的时候，我们希望改善我们的生活。23. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. 有时这些决心可能会太难而无法实现。24. Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends.有时他们在学业上遇到问题，有时和朋友之间出现问题。25. But I think talking to someone helps a lot.但我认为向别人倾诉有很大的帮助。26. It is best not to run away from our problems.最好不要逃避我们的问题。27. He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to. 他认为，第一步是要找到一个你信任的人谈一谈。