高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 5定语从句精讲.doc

1、高中英语必修一Unit 5定语从句精讲【课本例句】1.(教材P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the mainfactors has been the Chinese writing system.2.(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the sevenmajor states into one unified country where Chinesewriting system began to develop in one direction.3.(教材P6

2、4)I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country whereGerman was spoken.4.(教材P64)I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.5.(教材P68)Then I saw an advertisement that offereda wonderful summer course, and that was the day whenI decided

3、 to take on a new language.6.Thetime when I first met Nelson Mandela was avery difficult period of my life.【发现规律】1.所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。2.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)。3.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。4.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。【语法精讲】一、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason

4、原因状语1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。Istill remember the day when I firstwent to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。Theday when we get together will comesoon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。Wewill never forget the year when the29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。 【名师点津】若时间名词后面的定语从

5、句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Doyou remember the days that/which wespent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)2.关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。Thehouse where I lived ten years agohas been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He isnow working in the factory where

6、hisfather worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。【名师点津】若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Theschool (which/that) we visitedyesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。Thereason why he succeeded in the examis that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他

7、学习很认真。Canyou tell me the reason why youdidnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？【名师点津】reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Idont know the reason why he didntturn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)Iwont listen to the reason that/whichyou have given u

8、s.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)【即学即练1】对比填空：that,which, when, where, why(1)Iwill never forget the days that/which we spent together.(2)Iwill never forget the days when we stayed together.(3)Thereason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.(4)Thereason why he was late

9、was that he missed his train.(5)Keepthe book in a place where you can find it easily.(6)Thisis the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1.介词的选用“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先

10、行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Thisis the camera with which he oftentakes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)Thisis the pilot with whom my father hasworked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)【名师点津】(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。Istill remember the time when (in which) I was incollege

11、.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Thisis the hotel where (in which) theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。Thisis the reason why (for which) he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如lookfor，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctor that you sent for has notcome.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2.关系代词的选择“介词关系代词”既可

12、以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。Thisis the student for whom I bought abook.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。Thisis the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3.“名词/数词/代词等介词of关系代词”结构。有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver, the banks of which arecovered w

13、ith trees, flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehas three sons, two of whom areteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Mariahas written two novels, both of whichhave been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。【即学即练2】单句语法填空(1)Scientistshave advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which_hasbeen proved.(2)Mycomputer, without which_I cant surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.(3)Thegirl to whom you talked just now is our English teacher.(4) Ihave about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.3