初中英语中考代词专项复习（分类+运用）.doc

1、中考英语代词专项复习一、代词的分类（一）人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词。人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格常做主语，宾格常做宾语，放在动词、介词后。主格包括：I, you, he, she, it，we, they。宾格包括：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。如：1）I am a teacher.我是一个老师。2）She is a student.他是一个学生。3）Give me the book.给我那本儿书。It 的用法。1）it代替上文提到的事或物。2）用于句型中：think /find /feel it + adj./n.(for sb.)to doIt is

2、+ adj./n.+ that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb.st.to do3)代替人：婴儿，远处的人，照片中的人，敲门的人。如：It must be my teacher.他肯定是我的老师。Whos it over there?那边儿他是谁？2.物主代词。物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。前者相当于一个形容词，后者相当于一个名词。前者包括：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。后者包括：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。尤其是名词性

3、的物主代词是重点考察内容。如：1）This is my book.这是我的书。2）This isnt your pen.Yours is on the desk.这不是你的钢笔。你的钢笔在桌子上。（二）反身代词当主语和后边的人指同一个人时，用反身代词。如：I do homework by myself.反身代词包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。它们经常出现在词组中，如：by oneself, 通过某人自己say to oneself, 自言自语think to one

4、self, 自言自语think of oneself, 想到某人自己dress oneself, 给某人自己穿衣服enjoy oneself, 玩儿的高兴teach oneself, 自学learn by oneself, 自学make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感觉宾至如归help oneself to + n., 随便吃点儿help oneself, 帮助某人自己leave sb.by oneself, 把某人自己单独留在家里lose oneself in/into, 把某人自己沉浸在look after oneself, 照料自己take care of one

5、self照料自己（三）不定代词【不定代词包括】some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one构成的复合不定代词，如：someone, anything等。【不定代词的用法】1.one, some与any1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。2) some

6、可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.2.each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dic

7、tionary./ Each (of us) has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和nono等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None.Non

8、e of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4.other和another1) other泛指“另外的，别的”the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”I dont like thi

9、s shirt, please show me another (one).Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English./ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers./ Not both

10、of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.6.little 几乎没有 修饰 不可数名词a little 一些 修饰 不可数名词few 几乎没有 修饰 可数名词a few 一些 修饰 可数名词二、代词的运用（一）在选择题中的运用当选项同为人称代词（I，she, you, he），物主代词(my, his, her, your)或反身代词（himself, herself, myself, yourself）时，根据句子中的提示词或已给出的人称来判断空格处相应的代词。如：能代表第三人称she以及相关形式的提示词有：lady， woman， mot

11、her， Miss, Mrs., sister, aunt， Lily, girl等等;能代表第三人称he以及相关形式的提示词有：gentleman, man, father, Mr., brother, uncle, boy等等【实战演练】1.Excuse me, whats your name?_ name is Betty.A.My B.His C.Her D.Your答案A解析考查物主代词词义辨析。句意“打扰一下，请问你叫什么名字？”“_名字是贝蒂。”四个选项都为形容词性物主代词。根据句子中的”your”可知，问的对象是你，所以回合时主语应该是“我”，此处是指“我的名字是贝蒂”。故选A

12、。2.Each time I listen to Erquan Yingyue, a picture of _ sad beauty appears in my mind.A.it B.its C.its D.itself答案B解析考查代词的用法。句意为：每次我听二泉映月时一幅凄美的画面就出现在我的脑海里。分析句子结构，空格处需修饰限定后面的名词beauty，故用形容词性物主代词its。故选B。3.Help _ to food and drinks, boys and girls!A.yours B.you C.your D.yourselves答案D解析考查人称代词词义辨析。句意：男孩和女孩

13、们！随意吃食物、喝饮料吧！help oneself to请自取。再根据boys and girls可知为复数形式。故选D。4.Miss Zhang is _ English teacher.She has taught in our school for ten years.A.me B.my C.I D.mine答案B解析考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为:张小姐是_英语老师。她在我们学校教书10年了。根据句意可知此处是指“我的”英语老师，需用I的形容词性物主代词my修饰。故选B。5.This morning I forgot to bring food.And its kind of you t

14、o share _ with me.A.you B.yours C.my D.mine答案B解析考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为：今天早晨我忘记带食物了。你真好，和我分享_。you你（们），人称代词主格或宾格；yours你（们）的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。由句意可知，空格处指物，故应用能够替代 your food的名词性物主代词。故选B。6.Whenever Mary reads an interesting story, she cant keep it to _ and wants to share it with her friends.A.

15、she B.her C.hers D.herself答案D解析考查人称代词词义辨析。句意为：无论什么时候玛丽读到一则有趣的故事，她都不能独享，并且想跟她的朋友们分享。she她，代词主格；her她，人物代词宾格或形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。keep to oneself为固定用法，意为“保守秘密”，故选D。7.Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai?_.Id like to choose Kunming.A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.None答

16、案C解析考查不定代词词义辨析。句意“你想住在哪座城市，北京还是上海？”“_。我会选择昆明。”Either二者之一；Both二者都；Neither二者都不；None没有一个，常指对三者或三者以上事物或人的否定。从“Id like to choose Kunming.”可知是对前面两座城市的否定。因此，Neither符合语境。故选C。8.Can you speak Chinese, Steve?Yes, only _.I have been in China for only one month.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little答案D解析考查不定代词词义辨析。句意

17、为“史蒂夫，你会说汉语吗？”“是的，只_。我在中国仅仅待了一个月。”few几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数)；a few一些、几个(修饰可数名词复数)；little几乎没有(修饰不可数名词)；a little一点儿(修饰不可数名词)。根据答语“Yes”以及“I have been in China for only one month.” 可知他会说，但会得不多，汉语是不可数名词，所以用a little。故选D。9.How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone? _.I always like shopping online.A.None B.Ne

18、ither C.Both D.All答案B解析考查不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你是如何买的这个MP4，从商店还是通过电话？” “_。我总是喜欢网购。”None（三者或三者以上）都不；Neither两者都不；Both两者都；All(三者或三者以上)都。根据答语 “I always like shopping online.”可推知既不是从商店买的，也不是通过电话买的，二者都不是。故选B。10.Would you like to play basketball or football? _ is OK.I am good at both of them, so its up to you.A.Eit

19、her B.Neither C.Both D.All答案A解析考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：这道题是这么难，以至于_学生能回答上来。根据前解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“你想打篮球还是踢足球？”都可以。两个我都擅长，所以你决定。Either表示两者中任意一者；Neither表示两者都不；Both表示两者都；All表示三者或三者以上都。根据答语“I am good at both of them, so its up to you.”可知，此处表示两者中任意一个都可以。故选A。文“so difficult”可知后半句表示否定含义，且students为可数名词复数。故选A。11I dont k

20、now how to do.Any good suggestions?Dont always think of yourself, and you should also think of _.A.the other B.another C.others D.other答案C解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为“我不知道该怎么做。（你）有好的建议吗？” “不要总想着你自己，你应该为_着想。” the other两者中的另一个；another三者及三者以上的另一个；others其他的人/物；other别的，其他的。根据句意可知此处指“其他人”。故选C。12.My twin brothers pr

21、omised my parents to give up playing computer games, but _ of them made it.A.either B.both C.none D.neither答案D解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为：我的两个双胞胎哥哥（弟弟）向我的父母许诺放弃玩电脑游戏，但是他们_做到。either表示两者中的任何一个；both表示两者都；none表示三者或三者以上都不；neither表示两者都不。根据本句中关键词twin brothers可知是两个人，所以首先排除C，同时由转折连词but可知两个哥哥（弟弟）都没有实现他们的诺言。故选D。13.Most

22、 students are playing on the playground and there are still _ students staying in the classroomA.a few B.few C.a little D.little答案A解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意：大部分学生正在操场上玩，还有_学生待在教室。a few修饰可数名词复数，表肯定；few修饰可数名词复数，表否定；a little修饰不可数名词，表肯定；little修饰不可数名词，表否定。由句意可知是指“还有一些学生待在教室里”。故选A。14._ of my time is spent on lear

23、ning.So I have made much progress in my study.A.Many B.Much C.Few D.A few答案B解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意为：我大多数的时间都花费在学习上。所以我在学习上取得了很大进步。time为不可数名词，故选B。15.There is _ juice in the fridge.I must go to the supermarket at once to buy some.A.much B.a few C.little D.many答案C解析考查普通不定代词词义辨析。句意：冰箱里 果汁。我必须立即去超市买一些。根据后一句“立

24、即去超市买一些”可知，冰箱里几乎没有果汁了，表示否定意义，juice为不可数名词。故选C。16.Its sunny outside.Why not go out and have a look?There _ is here.I just want to have a rest.A.nothing special B.something newC.everything amazing D.anything similar答案A解析考查复合不定代词的用法。句意“外边天气晴朗。为什么不出去看看呢？”“这里_。我只想休息一下。”nothing special没什么特别的；something new一

25、些新的东西；everything amazing令人惊奇的事情；anything similar任何相似的事情。根据后句“I just want to have a rest.我只想休息一下。（不想去看）”可知此处表达没什么特别的。故选A。17.Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?Id like to go _.A.everywhere relaxing B.somewhere relaxingC.peaceful anywhere D.peaceful somewhere答案B解析考查复合不定副词的用法。句意“这个中秋节你想

26、去哪里？”“我想去_。”地点副词与形容词连用时，形容词后置，排除选项C、D。everywhere relaxing使人放松的每个地方；somewhere relaxing使人放松的某个地方。结合句意可知选B。18.Much personal information is stolen when people buy things on the Internet.Terrible! _ must be done to keep the Internet safety.A.Everything B.Anything C.Something D.Nothing答案C解析考查复合不定代词词义辨析。句意

27、为“许多用户的信息在他们网上购物时被窃取了。”“真糟糕！_必须做 来保证网络安全。”Everything每件事；Anything任何事；Something一些事；Nothing没有事。根据语境及常理可知应该做一些事来保证网络安全。故选C。19.I find _ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.A.that B.this C.it D.one答案C解析考查指示代词的用法。句意:我发现在去一个国家前,学习那个国家的风俗习惯很有必要。that那,那个，表远指;this这,这个，表近指;it它,

28、指代上文提到的对象;one一件,代表与上文同一类但不同一的事物。根据句意可知此处应是固定句型:find + it + adj.+ to do sth.,表示“发现做某事”,其中it是形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。故选C。20Hello, Linda speaking.Whos _?Hello, this is Martin.A.it B.one C.that D.this答案C解析考查指示代词的用法。句意为“你好，我是琳达。_是谁？”“你好，我是马丁。”打电话，询问对方是谁用that，故选C。（二）在填空题中的运用【根据语境判断】填人称代词宾格的判断方法： 动词后作宾语；介词后作宾语。填物

29、主代词的判断方法：空格后有名词填形容词性物主代词； 固定短语(try ones best)；动词或系动词后填形容词性物主代词。【实战演练】1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed _ very much.(them)答案themselves解析句意：上周，学生们去滑冰了并且玩得非常开心。enjoy oneself玩得开心，因主语为the students，故填themselves。2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _ a book as a gift.(I)答案me解析句意：在我的上一个生

30、日，我的哥哥给买了一本书作为礼物。bought是动词，后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语，I的宾格形式为me。故填me。3.So far, our football team has won every match this year.That makes _ feel proud.(we)答案us解析句意：至今，我们的足球队已经赢了，今年的每场比赛。这令我们骄傲。make为动词，后面跟代词宾格形式作宾语，we的宾格形式是us。故填us。4.Your classroom is on the second floor and _ is on the third floor.(we)答案ours解析句意:你

31、们的教室在二楼，_在三楼。根据and可知，前后都指教室。此处指我们的教室，题干没有出现classroom，所以要用名词性物主代词ours,故填ours。5.The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _ way home.(they)答案their解析句意：在_回家的路上，这两个女孩帮助一位女士找到了她走失的儿子。on ones way home，意为“在某人回家的路上”，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。6.We shouldnt take these game shows too seriously while

32、watching _.(they)答案them解析句意：当我们观看这些游戏节目时，我们不应该太严肃地看待。动词后跟人称代词宾格形式，故填them。7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, youd better keep _ voice down and do not disturb others.(you)答案your解析句意：如果你正在看望住院的病人，你最好把_声音放低，不要打扰其他人。根据句意可知此处是指“你的”声音, 应用you的形容词性物主代词。故填your。8.To _ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party.(I)答案my解析句意：令_惊喜的是，我所有的朋友都来我的生日聚会了。to ones surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，应填形容词性物主代词。故填my。代词在句子中的运用it的常用句型（1）作形式主语：It is+ adj.+（for sb.） to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱。Its+adj.+that从句。（2）作形式宾语：常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等词后。7