(完整)初中英语名词专项讲解.doc

1、 名词一 导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。” 小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！” 这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。” 小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。 不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！ 很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二 专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数 1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）

2、可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式：s所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday.2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物 例: sister、table、bike、window可数名词 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物 例: family、police、class、group

3、物质名词 表示构成物体的物质或材料 例: water、air、wood不可数名词 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 例: danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfish chickentime 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orange lightpaper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidea lifework可数练习题

4、主意/意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interest room可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（1） family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2） 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念： police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数 people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peop

5、les 五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式 (1) 规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。 2、 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es 例 city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es, roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives

6、roof roofs。(2)不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer 鹿，fish 鱼，sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 亲

7、属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft 飞机，aircraft 飞机， spacecraft 太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打， score 二十其他series 系列；species种类；means方法 (3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡) two glasses of milk(两杯牛奶) three pieces of paper(三张纸) four bottles of water(四杯水)三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示

8、名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是s所有格，一种是of所有格 Beijing is Chinas capital.= Beijing is the captital of China. This is Toms bike = This is the bike of Tom. Lily is the keys owner.= Lily is the owner of the key.1、 s所有格构成 单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s，如 Lucys pen路西的钢笔Childrens Day（儿童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加 , 如the students books 学生们

9、的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s, 如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s, 如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?典型例题讲解1. They g

10、ot much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 2

11、5 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7

12、. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this

13、month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _

14、 are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three c

15、ups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions 三 巩固训练：1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers

16、 D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Ple

17、ase get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and

18、 now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many ne

19、w pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word B

20、. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get

21、 me _.A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box

22、of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. Im

23、 going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a

24、 kind of _ to help people walk.A. machine B. machinesC. a machine D. the machine26. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ ros

25、e.A. anger B. angryC. angrily D. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound note B. five pounds noteC. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations四 课堂过手训练：1. We havent got much for ou

26、r picnic. Will you go and get some? (07) A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit 2.Ive read_ sports news about the Fl race today.(05)A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of 3. Linda, Ive bought many . Now lets make the birthday cake. （03） A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D rice dumplings

27、4. You can get much _about the World Expo on the Internet. (01)A) map B) picture C) ticket D) information5. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some if you like.(07年南通)A fishes and chicken B fishes and chicken C fish and chicken D fishes and chickens6.They got much _ on the Interne. (07年天津) A phot

28、o B. ideas C message D. information 7. In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes.A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis8. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college.A. woman doctors B. womens doctorsC. women doctors D. the women doctors9. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises.A. girl students B. girls studentsC. girls students D. girls students10. The waitress brought us_.A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juiceC. glass of juices D. glass of juice五 学生反思总结：