(共26套)通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析-(word打印版).doc

1、（共26套）通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析 （word打印版）冠词冠词知识精讲冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，置于名词之前，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词的分类：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。一、不定冠词1. 不定冠词的搭配：不定冠词有a和an两个，表示“一个”，“一类”或“一”，可以说是单数名词的帽子，用于单数名词之前。冠词包括区别举例不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前a book; a ruler,a universityan用于元音音素开头的单词前an egg; an umbrella;an apple2. 不定冠词的用法用法例句当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用-Wh

2、at is this? 这是什么？-It is a bus. 这是一辆公共汽车。指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物A boy is looking for you. 一个男孩儿正在找你。表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.我有一张嘴，一个鼻子和两只眼睛。表示“每一”，相当于everyLucy and I go to school six days a week.我和露西每周上六天学。用在序数词前，表示“又一”、“再一”Mr. and Mrs. Shute had a daughter called Jane

3、. Then they had a second child-a son.舒特夫妇有一个女儿名叫简。不久，他们又有了一个小孩一个儿子。用于可视为一体的两个名词前a knife and fork一副刀叉当名词被such, so, many等词修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后-Did you see the football match last night? 你看了昨晚的足球比赛了吗？-Yes, I have never seen such an exciting matchbefore.看了，我之前从没看过这么精彩的比赛。3. 不定冠词常用在某些固定词组中，如：a lot (of) 许多，大量a

4、 little 一点儿a few 一些，少数几个in a hurry 匆忙have a cold 感冒make a face 做鬼脸a number of许多a pair of 一对have a good time过得愉快have a swim=swimhave a walk=walkhave a look=lookhave a talk=talk二、定冠词 定冠词只包含一个“the”，用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词，定冠词具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物。1. 定冠词的基本用法用法举例特指某（些）人或某（些）事物The book on the desk is a stor

5、y book. (特指桌上的那本书。)指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物Lets meet at the bus station. (双方都知道的那个汽车站。)复述上文提过的人或事物-Whats this? -Its a schoolbag. The schoolbag is Liu Taos.表示世界上独一无二的事物the sun太阳；the moon月亮；the sky天空在序数词、形容词最高级前Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.习惯用法中in the morning; in the afternoon; in the even

6、ing2. 定冠词的其他用法主要用法举例与单数名词连用表示一类事物，或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人 the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；the living 生者；the rich 富人用于表示方向或方位的名词前the east 东方； the left 左边用于江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾的专有名词前the Red Sea 红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国；the United States美国用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前She can

7、 play the piano.她会弹钢琴。用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)三、零冠词 零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a/an )、定冠词( the )，也没有其他限定词的现象。1. 零冠词的基本用法主要用法举例国名，人名前通常不用冠词Chinese food is also very popular in America.中国食物在美国同样非常受人欢迎。Shakespeare is the author of Romeo and Juliet.莎士比亚是罗密欧与朱丽叶的作者。名词前有this, that, my, your, whose,

8、some, any, no, each, every等词时，不用冠词This is my hat. 这是我的帽子。I have to do my homework. 我得做我的作业。在表示交通工具、学科名称的名词前不加冠词by plane乘飞机by boat乘船on foot走路Chinese 语文在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，一般不用冠词Spring is coming. 春天要来了。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词have breakfast吃早

9、饭；play chess玩象棋在一些固定词组中不加冠词at home在家at first 起初at last 最后at once 立刻at noon在中午at work 在工作on time准时at night 在晚上in school 在上学in class 在课上in bed 在床上 for example 例如go shopping/ swimming/ boating/ fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼2. 不用冠词的其他情况主要用法例句泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词They are teachers.他们是教师。抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词Failu

10、re is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词President Bush布什总统；Professor Smith史密斯教授当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔或铅笔，我就写不了字。三点剖析一、重难点： 冠词是用在名词前起辅助作用的词，要注意冠词不会单独出现。冠词用法比较复杂，一定要掌握不定冠词、定冠词和

11、零冠词不同的使用情况。二、易错点：1. 不定冠词a用在辅音音素前，而不是用在辅音字母前；an用在元音音素前，而不是用在元音字母前。如：a European, a university, an hour, an honest boy。2. 零冠词中，国名、人名前不加冠词，是指单纯词形式的词，如：England, America, Frank；不能是合成词，如：the United States of America。3. 当由介词by加交通工具表达交通方式时，不加冠词（但是由动词take加交通工具时，则需要用冠词），例如：by bus=take a bus; by taxi=take a tax

12、i。题模精选题模一：不定冠词及用法例1.1.1 用a或an填空1_worker2.European country例1.1.2 用a或an完成句子Would you like _apple or _pear?题模二：定冠词及用法例1.2.1 . I really like _ book you lent me yesterday.A aB anC theD /例1.2.2 . -Look! There is a monkey eating _ apple in the tree.-En, _ monkey is very cute.A a; aB a; theC an; anD an; the

13、题模三：零冠词及用法例1.3.1 . We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball.A aB anC theD /例1.3.2 . - Will you get there by _ train?-No, Ill take _ taxi.A /; aB a; theC /; /D the; a随堂练习随练1.1 There is _ eraser on the desk.A /B anC aD the随练1.2 The tall boy is my cousin. He is _ university stu

14、dent.A aB anC theD /随练1.3 There is _ Iphone5 on my table. _ Iphone5 is made in America.A an; theB the; AC an; AD a; An随练1.4 （2014初一上第六十六中学期末This is _ apple. _ apple is good.A an; TheB the; AnC an; AD the; A随练1.5 David is very clever. She can play _ violin.A theB anC aD /随练1.6 用a或an填空1._arm 2.eye3._b

15、ook 4.umbrella随练1.7 Lily likes to play _ guitar in her free time but Tony likes to play _ soccer.A a; theB the; /C the; aD an; a自我总结作业1 用a或an填空1._animal2.ear3._bike4.x5._hour6._university作业2 用a或an完成句子1. There is _old man under the tree.2. Tom is _honest boy. He is going to _university in London.3. G

16、ive me _egg, please.4. This is _teacher. He is _English teacher.作业3 Whats this in English?- Its a car. Its _old car.A aB anC theD /作业4 There is _ alarm clock on the table. Its a new one.A theB aC anD has作业5 There is _ “o” in the word “ fourteen.”A aB anC theD /作业6 This is _ ID card. _ ID card is Tom

17、s.A a, AB an, AC the, TheD an, The作业7 There is a factory near the farm. Many people work in _factory.A theB aC anD /作业8 Tom, do you like playing_ piano?No. I like playing_ chess.A a, theB the, /C /, theD the, a作业9 My sister likes playing piano, but she doesnt like playing tennis.A 不填，theB the, 不填C 不

18、填，不填D the, the作业10 I dont like playing _violin at home. Lets play _basketball at school.A the; theB the; /C /; theD /; /作业11 Is there _ old supermarket on _ Bridge Street?A a; theB an; theC the; /D an; /作业12 We have _ lunch _ half past twelve.A. a; atB. an; atC. /; atD. the; in答案解析冠词题模精选题模一：不定冠词及用法例

19、1.1.1【答案】 a worker; a European country【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音，而不是字母。例1.1.2【答案】 an, a【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音，而不是字母。题模二：定冠词及用法例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】 考查定冠词的使用。特指“你借给我的那本书”，故选C。例1.2.2【答案】D【解析】 考查定冠词及不定冠词的使用。句意：看，有只猴子正在吃苹果。恩，这只猴子真可爱。第一个空，指“一个苹果”，用“an”，第二个空指代上文中提到过的猴子，用“the”，故选D。题模三：零冠词及用法例1.3.1【答案

20、】D【解析】 考查零冠词的使用。球类运动前不加冠词，故选D。例1.3.2【答案】A【解析】 考查零冠词及不定冠词的使用。by加交通工具表达交通方式时，不加冠词，但是由动词take加交通工具时，则需要用冠词，故选A。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】B【解析】 考察冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an，单词eraser rez以元音音标开头，所以使用an。随练1.2【答案】A【解析】 考察冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an，单词university junvst发音为辅音开头，所以使用a。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考察冠词。泛指使用且以元音开头使用an，特指使用the。随练1.4【答案】A【解析】 Apple

21、为元音音素，用an。随练1.5【答案】A【解析】 冠词，考查冠词的特殊用法，在音乐乐器前需加冠词the。随练1.6【答案】 an arm; an eye; a book; an umbrella【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音，而不是字母。随练1.7【答案】B【解析】 冠词，乐器前加the，球类运动用零冠词。作业1【答案】 1. an animal; 2. an ear; 3. a bike; 4. an x; 5. an hour; 6. a university【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音，而不是字母。作业2【答案】 1. an;

22、 2. an, a; 3. an; 4. a, an【解析】 考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音，而不是字母。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an，字母”o”发音为元音开头，所以使用an。作业4【答案】C【解析】 冠词，根据句意“一个”可知用不定代词，alarmlm以元音音标开头，故用an。作业5【答案】B【解析】 冠词，字母O以元音音标开头，故用an。作业6【答案】D【解析】 考查冠词。泛指使用不定冠词a/an, ID ,aidi:元音音标开头使用an，特指使用the。作业7【答案】A【解析】 考查冠词的使用。the是定冠词，指上文提及的，故选A。作业

23、8【答案】B【解析】 冠词，根据乐器可知前面需要冠词the，后句属于固定用法play chess。故选项B正确。作业9【答案】B【解析】 冠词，根据固定用法可知play the piano，第二个属于固定用法，故选项B正确。作业10【答案】B【解析】 考查冠词的使用。西洋乐器前要加定冠词the，球类运动前不加冠词，固定用法，故选B。作业11【答案】D【解析】 考查冠词。Old为元音因素词，因此用an，bridge street 是街道名称，因此前面不加冠词。作业12【答案】【解析】 介词，吃午饭have a lunch及在时间点前面at。宾语从句宾语从句知识精讲一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非

24、常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。（动宾）We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。（介宾）二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词，用法如下表：连接词连接词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略。He s

25、aid that it was a good present.他说这是一份好礼物。what, which,who, whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定成分，可作主语，宾语，定语等I dont know what you are talking about.我不知道你在说什么。He wanted to know whose box it was.他想知道这个箱子是谁的。when, where,why, how等连接副词在从句中作状语，如时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等。Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？People never

26、 know how he did that.人们从来也不知道他是如何做到的。if/whether宾语从句中意思都是“是否”，不作成分，但不能省略。He asked me if it would rain tomorrow.他问我明天是否会下雨。二、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.他

27、已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。The reporter asked if the government w

28、ould take necessary measures to deal with smog.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound last week.上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：Is it a good idea? Do you think so

29、?=Do you think (that) it is a good idea?四、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party. ()I think he wont come to my party. ()我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?五、宾

30、语从句的简化1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesn

31、t know what she should say next.=She doesnt know what to say next.她不知道该说些什么。三点剖析一、重难点：宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。二、易错点：1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether1). if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：They are talking about whether she

32、will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。2). whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：They dont know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来。3). 在不定式前只能用whether，如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。4). 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：They are wondering if she can come. ()They are wondering whether she can come. ()注：if只有在宾

33、从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。2. 宾语从句中不可省略的thatthat引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to s

34、olve them.他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。题模精选题模一：关系词选择例1.1.1 -Its said that the new highway has been completed.-Yes, but we dont know _ its to be opened to traffic soon.A whichB whenC whetherD since例1.1.2 -Its so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?-But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A whyB whenC

35、 howD where例1.1.3 选择恰当关系词填空1. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)2. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why)题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态例1.2.1 句型转换1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Was the watch made in Shan

36、ghai? I dont know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.例1.2.2 Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. A when you will travel B when will you travel C when you travelled D when did you travel 例1.2.3 What did the teacher say to you just now?She asked _.A where did I learn JapaneseB where

37、I learned JapaneseC where do I learn JapaneseD where I learn Japanese随堂练习随练1.1 选择恰当关系词填空1. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）2. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）3. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 4. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)5.

38、 I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)6. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)7. I really dont know _ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）随练1.2 Could you say it again? I cant understand _ you are talking about.A howB whenC whatD which随练1.3 Well plant trees

39、tomorrow, and I dont know _ Tom will come and join us.A ifB whatC whichD where随练1.4 What did Mike say? He said _.A if you are free the next weekB what color was itC the weather is fineD summer comes after spring随练1.5 Tom asked my friend _.A where was he fromB that the earth is bigger than the moonC

40、when did he come backD not to be so angry随练1.6 She told me the sun _ in the east.A riseB roseC risesD had risen自我总结作业1 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A whatB ifC whenD where作业2 -What did the teacher say just now?-He said that the earth _ round the sun.A goB goesC goingD will go作业3 句型转换1. Li

41、ght travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.2. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _.5. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.作业4 I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I dont know _ he will arrive.A whereB whyC ho