自考英语二复习精要.doc

1、英语二复习精要UNIT 11、 word studyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjective a.客观的，真实的。如实的，无偏见的。We have to accept the objective reality as it is.我们必须接受客观事实。The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement.文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目标，目的。People work hard to carry out the economic

2、objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.我目前的目标是通过口试。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。伴奏The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。All orders mus

3、t be accompanied with cash.所有的订货单必须随附现金。arguevt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。He often argues philosophy with James.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。He argued for immediate action.他主张立即行动。They argued against such a policy

4、.他们反对这种政策。vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服argue into（out of）doing sth. 说服某人做（不做）某事。I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。He argued that man was descended from apes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解释，给。下定义；2、限定，规定。Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point o

5、f application moves in the direction of the force.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。He has defined his position on the issues.他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。2、 常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2Often managers m

6、ust make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, preceden

7、ts, and the like.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achieveme

8、nt of organizational goals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7Some of these objectives are more important than others, but th

9、e order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .3、 习题1.单词英译汉goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity, 2.词组英译汉in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, i

10、n hand, to turn down 3.句子英译汉与常考句型相同。4.Text A 汉译英决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper

11、 decision.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key p

12、eople who determine the companys business development.4、历年试题1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4)

13、 答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 答案是A. 4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the manageme

14、nt process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicates 答案为C . 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答案为presented . 考点： present 是过去分词作状语。 6. An organization is a group of people,

15、 and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语， 修饰decision . 7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。 答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。 答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals

16、. 2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。 答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. 4. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。 答： Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance. 5. 不

17、同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。 答： Different manager define the same problem in different terms.UNIT 21、word studyexert,collapse,lauch,operate exertvt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind

18、.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution.这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。 collapsen.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。He suffered from a nervous collapse.他的精神崩溃了。The collapse of the government le

19、ft the country in confusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。vi.倒塌，崩溃The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.屋顶被雪压塌了。The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment.在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。 lauchvt 1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水The satellite

20、 was launched in a rocket.这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。A new ship has been successfully launched.一条新船已成功地下水。vt ./vi.发动，发起（运动等）launch out into 开始，着手进行Our army launched an attack on the enemy.我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。The police launched an investigation into the case.警察对此案开展了调查。The

21、 research group launched out into a series of new experiment.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。 operatevi. 1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）The elevator operates smoothly.电梯运行顺利。The medicine gradually operated.药物逐渐奏效了。The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.医生给病人的颈部动手术。vt.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。动手术This airline operates five ma

22、in lines and dozens of branch lines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。Do you know how to operate the machine?你知道怎么开这台机器吗？The doctor operated the patient on the neck.医生给病人的颈部动手术。He was operated on for lung cancer.他因肺癌动了手术。2、常考句型1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1Astronomers and scientists think that a black

23、hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a sup

24、ernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5On the other ha

25、nd, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.3、习题Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion, speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great man

26、y, above all 2.句子英译汉：1) 6) 与常考句型相同。7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学

27、家还没有完全解决这个问题。Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them

28、 are endless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to

29、know them.单元课后练习.Word Spelling1.密度 n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃 v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.边界线，边界 n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4.永恒的，经久不变的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5.基础，根据 n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6.发射，发动 v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7.双胞胎之一 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8.同伴，同事 n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _9.人类 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _

30、_10.推测，猜测 n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11.吞 v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _13.物质 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14.情况，环境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15.发生，出现 v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16.强烈的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _17.证据 n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _18.看不见的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _19.宇航员 n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20.热带的 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.Word For

31、m1.Supernovae_(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still_(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.3.If one_(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surfac

32、e including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars_(believe) to be black holes.5.Matter from the one which we can see_(pull) towards the companion star.6.There might be a ma

33、ssive black hole at the centre of our galaxy_(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.7.The most_(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.8.They show us a world which operates in a _(total) different way from our own.9.The surface of some areas_(consist) largely

34、 of high mountains and deep valleys.10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different_(colour) skins.Vocabulary and Structure1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escap

35、e-not even light.A into into B into fromC from into D from from2.This process of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results.A whether B whatC which D that3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A as B thatC what D if4.In some binary system

36、s, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to_which we can see in the sky.A the one B thatC the ones D those5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind.A make fun of B make sure o

37、fC make use of D make sense of6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_.A companies B comparisonsC compounds D companions7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun.A track B orbitC tour D route8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gathe

38、r data about the black holes in the Milky way.A posted B deliveredC launched D transmitted9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here.A inadequate B invisibleC intense D individual10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,ma

39、tter must behave very differently inside the hole.A in addition B in personC in detail D in theory.C-E Translation1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。2.直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞。3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究。5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。单元自测答案 Unit 2.Word Spelling1.density 2.collapse 3.boundary4.constant 5.basis 6.la

40、unch7.twin panion 9.mankind10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible19.astronaut 20.tropical.Word Form1.were reported 2.having 3.made4.believed 5.is being pulled 6.swallowing7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists10.coloured.Vocabulary and

41、 Structure1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D.C-E Translation1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a

42、 very different manner inside the black hole.4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.4、历年试题1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。 答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent. 2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？ 答： Can you

43、imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ? 3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。 答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。 答： Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century. 5. 他已

44、尽了全力以达到自己的目标。 答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal. UNIT 31、word studyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,open up requestn./vt.请求，要求request后面接for，表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为by(或on) request；“应。之要求”则为at sbs request。He made a request for immediate help.他要求立即给予帮助。Minibuses stop by request.小公共汽车招手即停。Instru

45、ctions will be sent immediately on(upon) request.说明将按要求立即寄出。The singer gave one more song at our request.歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。Your silence is requested.请勿说话。 ensurevt.保证，担保ensure后面接against或from，表示“保证。免于。”；后面接to或for，则表示“保证。具有。”。We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。The police can ensure the witness against (或from) danger.警察能保证证人免受危险。This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice in the matter.这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。 opposevt.1、反对，反抗；2、使相对，使对抗（to）Many people opposed building a new highway because