2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(北京卷).docx

1、2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（北京卷）学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、单项选择1Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.AstartBhave startedCstartedDhad started2【2018北京】_ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.AAlthoughBWhileCIfDUntil

2、3【2018北京】_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceATravelBTravelingCHaving traveledDTraveled4Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.Ais workingBwas workingChas workedDhad worked5【2018北京】She and her family bicy

3、cle to work, _ helps them keep fit.AwhichBwhoCasDthat6【2018北京】During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.AshareBto shareChaving sharedDshared7Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.Aa

4、re growingBhave grownCwill growDhad grown8In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.ApressBto pressCpressingDpressed9A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.Aare trappingBhave been trappedCwe

5、re trappingDhad been trapped10（2018 北京）Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.AusedBto useCusingDuse11（2018 北京）Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.AhowBwhenCwhereDwhy12(2018北京) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.Anee

6、dBshouldCcanDmust13【2018北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.AdroveBwould driveCwere to driveDhad driven14【2018北京】Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.AforBonCinDat15（2018 北京）This is _ my father has t

7、aught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.AhowBwhichCthatDwhat二、完形填空The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and mo

8、ney. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a _18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_inside and pulled

9、the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson

10、and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_.Mr. And

11、erson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and_27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just

12、proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the

13、 area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us

14、 that one good turn deserves another.16AhopeBaimCurgeDeffort17AstillBevenCeverDonce18AwalletBbagCboxDparcel19ApartnerBcolleagueCownerDpoliceman20AturnedBhidCsteppedDreached21AdiscoverBcollectCcheckDbelieve22AtakingBleavingCreadingDwriting23AsatisfiedBexcitedCamusedDshocked24AsafeBmissingCfoundDseen2

15、5AserviceBsupportCkindnessDencouragement26AwhenBifCwhereDbecause27AratherByetCalreadyDjust28AtooBthoughCagainDinstead29AhonestBpoliteCrichDgenerous30AgaveBpaidCcastDdrew31AlearnedBpostedCcaredDheard32AborrowBraiseCsaveDearn33AofBatCforDin34AdetailsBchangesCoffersDapplications35AlessonBadventureCchan

16、ceDchallenge三、阅读理解My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher require

17、d us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was ath

18、letic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became unt

19、ied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23

20、, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first pl

21、ace had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36A month before the marathon, the author _.Awas well trainedBfelt scaredCmade up his mind to runDlost hope37Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?ATo ac

22、knowledge the support of his teacher.BTo amuse the readers with a funny story.CTo show he was not talented in sports.DTo share a precious memory.38How was the authors first marathon?AHe made it.BHe quit halfway.CHe got the first prize.DHe walked to the end.39What does the story mainly tell us?AA man

23、 owes his success to his family support.BA winner is one with a great effort of will.CFailure is the mother of success.DOne is never too old to learn.Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to b

24、e. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what i

25、t is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model

26、 rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety o

27、f flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part

28、of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at .40Why do peop

29、le come to SAC?ATo experience adventures.BTo look for jobs in aviation.CTo get a degree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.41To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstudy the principles of flightDbuild and fire model rockets42What is

30、 the most important for trainees?ALeadership.BTeam spirit.CTask planning.DSurvival skills.Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective

31、way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial po

32、lyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours l

33、ater the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break d

34、own plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it

35、 is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microb

36、es(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.43What can we learn about the worms in t

37、he study?AThey take plastics as their everyday food.BThey are newly evolved creatures.CThey can consume plastics.DThey wind up in landfills.44According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .Aidentify other means of the breakdownBfind out the source of the enzymeCconfirm the research

38、 findingsDincrease the breakdown speed45It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .Ahelp to raise wormsBhelp make plastic bagsCbe used to clean the oceansDbe produced in factories in future46What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo intr

39、oduce the diet of a special worm.CTo present a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep eco-balance.Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is

40、apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. Californ

41、ia, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and o

42、ur cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排

43、放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own

44、individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building t

45、o avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from t

46、he University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driver