动词 (2).ppt

1、动词的分类1.助动词2.情态动词3.系动词4.实义动词 be 动词be动词的几种形式动词的几种形式1)am is are2)was were3)being4)been5)to be be动词的用法1.与名词、数词、形容词、介词短语连用构与名词、数词、形容词、介词短语连用构成成表语表语1)I am a doctor.2)He is ten.3)They are tired.4)The cat is under the table.be动词的用法 2.There be 句型句型1)用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.

2、There is some water in the glass.2)用于复数名词之前用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill.3)用于一般将来时用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.4)用于一般过去时用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。be动词的用法3.Be 动词在动词在时态时态中的运用中的运用1)在现在进行时中 We are ta

3、lking.2)在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday.4.Be动词在语态中的运用动词在语态中的运用 be done Nothing has been done to stop the disease.助动词 助动词的几种形式助动词的几种形式1)do/dont does/doesnt(一般现在时中）一般现在时中）2)did/didnt(一般过去时中）一般过去时中）3)will/wont(一般将来时中）一般将来时中）4)have havent/has hasnt/had hadnt(现在现在完成时中）完成时中）助动词的用法 1.对句子进行否定

4、和疑问对句子进行否定和疑问1)Do you get up early every day?2)I didnt have lunch yesterday.3)Will you be back soon?4)He hasnt finished the work yet.2.在反意疑问句中在反意疑问句中1)He works in a school,doesnt he?2)She has never been there,has she?3.在倒装句中在倒装句中1)They helped the farmers,so did we.2)I wont visit the famous singer,ne

5、ither will he.情态动词1.共同特点共同特点a)情态动词后面跟动词原型情态动词后面跟动词原型b)无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词词c)只有时态变化，没有人称变化只有时态变化，没有人称变化 情态动词 2.解释解释1)can/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比比can语气语气更委婉。更委婉。Can I help you?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事时，在表示有能力作某事时，could是是can的过去式。的过去式。I can swim

6、.I could swim at the age of five.在表示可能性时常用于否定句在表示可能性时常用于否定句 That man cant be Mr.Hu,for he is much shorter.情态动词 2.解释解释2)Must/have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否定，否定回答用回答用neednt I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.have to表示客观条件的限制的表示客观条件的限制的“不得不不得

7、不”，它，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.情态动词2.解释解释3)May 表示请求别人允许。表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike?表示可能性。表示可能性。He may be a teacher.He may live in this building.系动词 1.我们所学过的系动词是我们所学过的系动词是1)表示状态表示状态be,keep,seem2)表状态变化的表状态变化的become,get，turn

8、3)感观动词感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel2.系动词常和形容词连用，构成系表结构系动词常和形容词连用，构成系表结构1)I feel hungry.2)The day gets longer and longer.3)He looked happy.实义动词1.实义动词指的是有实义动词指的是有具体行为具体行为意思的动词。意思的动词。2.实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。3.做谓语的动词一般有四种形式：单三，过去式，现在分词，做谓语的动词一般有四种形式：单三，过去式，现在分词，过去分词过去分词 注意：掌握四种形式的变

9、化规律注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 1)He works in the office.2)We are dancing together.3)I caught a cold last week.4)She has watered the flower.4.非谓语动词（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语非谓语动词（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）一般也有四种形式：动词的限制）一般也有四种形式：1)原形原形(省省to不定式不定式do)2)动名词动名词/现在分词现在分词(doing)3)不定式不定式(to do)4)过去分词（过去分词（done)实义动词1)用原型：用原型：

10、a)let sb.dob)make sb.doc)help sb.(to)dod)had better do why not do e)情态动词后用原形情态动词后用原形 实义动词2)用动名词：用动名词：a)like doingb)enjoy doingc)finish doingd)Have fun doinge)Have trouble doing f)Be busy doingg)介词之后用动名词介词之后用动名词 be good at doingwhat about doingthank you for doing 实义动词 3)用不定式：用不定式：a)want to dob)decide

11、 to doc)plan to dod)would like to doe)learn to dof)tell sb.(not)to dog)ask sb.(not)to doh)Try(not)to do实义动词 注意下列词不同形式的不同用法注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing remember to do forget doing forget to do stop doing stop to do go on doing go on to do A list of Classified Irregular Verbs(1)1.bear wear bear-bore-

12、born wear-wore-worn2.begin drink ring sing swim begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung swim-swam-swum3.blow grow know throw draw blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown draw-drew-drawn4.break speak steal break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken stea

13、l-stole-stolen5.bring buy catch teach think bring-brought-brought buy-bought-bought think-thought-thought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taughtA list of Classified Irregular Verbs(2)6.build rebuild /send spend lend build-built-built rebuild-rebuilt-rebuilt send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent lend-len

14、t-lent7.burn deal dream hear learn mean hear-heard-heard burn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt deal-dealt-dealt dream-dreamt-dreamt mean-meant-meant8.can may will shall can-could will-would shall-should may-might 9.choose choose-chose-chosen10.cost hurt cut put fit hit spit let set bet/read spread11.

15、dig stick dig-dug-dug stick-stuck-stuckA list of Classified Irregular Verbs(3)12.drive hide ride rise write drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written hide-hid-hidden/hid13.feed meet speed/lead feed-fed-fed meet-met-met lead-led-led speed-sped-sped/speeded 14.lay pay say

16、 lay-laid-laid pay-paid-paid say-said-said15.tell sell retell tell-told-told retell-retold-retold sell-sold-sold16.keep kneel sleep sweep feel /spell keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept feel-felt-felt kneel-knelt-knelt spell-spelt-spelt A list of Classified Irregular Verbs(4)17.get/fo

17、rget give/forgive take/mistake stand/understand come/become eat/overeatget-got-gotten/got forget-forgot-forgotten/forgotgive-gave-given forgive-forgave-forgiven take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistakenstand-stood-stood understand-understood-understoodcome-came-come become-became-becomeeat-ate-eaten

18、overeat-overate-overeaten 18.fight find have hold leave light lose make sit win hangfight-fought-fought find-found-foundhold-held-held sit-sat-sat win-won-won lose-lost-lost make-made-made have-had-had leave-left-left hang-hung-hung/hanged light-lit-lit/lighted Infinitives1.what we can do is just to

19、 wait.2.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers3.She was the first person to think of this idea.4.Ill ask them to be quiet.5.water the plant often to make it grow well.6.Ill tell you how to get there.Have you decided where to go?7.I dont have a room to live in.Theres no other vehicles to c

20、hoose from.8.make/have/let sb.do sth.Sb.be made to do sth.9.It be adj.for sb.to do sth.It be adj.of sb.to do sth.10.hope/wish to do sth.wish sb.to do sth.11.stop/go on to do/doing sth.remember to do/doing sth.like/hate to do/doing sth.dislike doing sth.疑问词疑问词+to do decide,know,consider forget,learn,

21、remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell Please show us how to do that.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。用作介词的用作介词的to to 有两种用法：A)不定式+动词原形；B

22、)介词+名词/动名词,如：be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window She pretended not to see me when I passed by.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题1）Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut答案：B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tel

23、l sb not to do sth.2)She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeingC.to not see D.having not seen 答案：A。pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。tooto 1）tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it.2)如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含

24、义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。Why not Why not+动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不?干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday？1）Its easy(for me)to do that.我做这事太容易了for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;和序数词与数量词后，如：the first,the next,the la

25、st,the best,too much,too little,not enough Its so nice to hear your voice.Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.2)Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,brave,silly,selfish(自私的)，good,right 例:It was si

26、lly of us to believe him.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.Its for sb.和和 Its of sb.不定式主语不定式主语 To know something about English is one thing;to use English is another thing.常用it作形式主语代替不定式而将不定式移到句子后面以保持句子平衡。注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is

27、 to believe to see.不定式作表语不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.不定式作定语不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.So he made some candles to give light.不定式作状语不定式作状语 1）目的状语目的状语 to,in order to,so as to He ran so fast as to catch the fi

28、rst bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2）结果状语结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因表原因Im glad to see you.典型例题The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on答案：B.如果不定式为

29、不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 1)动词+不定式 We want to make a room reservation.我们想预订房间 The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。常用于此结构的词 afford aim agree fail wish happen help decide choose hope expect dare manage

30、offer ought learn promiserefuse seem plan wait动词动词+不定式不定式 动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式 ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,help,like,love,need prefer,prepare,promise,want,wish I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.I want to speak to Tom.I want you to speak to Tom.不定式作补语不定式作补语 1)动词+宾语+不定式(to d

31、o)advise allow cause consider encourage force invite likeorder permit remind require send suppose tell warn believe forbid imagine request understand 例句：Father will not allow us to play on the street.We believe him to be guilty.Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有

32、get，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.典型例题:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。不定式作补语不定式作补语 2)to+be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。believe co

33、nsider think,take(以为)find Imagine prove suppose We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.3)to be+形容词 seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean The book is believed to be uninteresting.有些动词常用as 短语做补语，如regard,t

34、hink believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.Mary took him as her father.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 时态语态 主动被动一般式 to doto be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you ag

35、ain.=I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4)完成进行时：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.感官动词感官动词+宾语宾语+doing/to

36、 do 感官动词 see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的持续性，进行态。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1）They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from ch

37、ildhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playingC.playD.to play答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb.doing sth句型。stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They s

38、top to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.resting C.to restD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。forget doi

39、ng/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.

40、turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学

41、后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习be afraid doing/to do

42、 be afraid to do表示非一般性的情况，指具体某次的行为或指没有勇气去做某事；be afraid of doing表示一向害怕做某事或不希望某事发生。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.She was afraid to wake her husband.I was afraid of hurting his feelings.try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事。（尽量成功）try doing 试验，试着做

43、某事。（观察效果）You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。Begin(start)doing/to do begin/start to do sth begin/start doing sth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。3)在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接know,realize understand这类动词时，常用不定式to do。I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时It began to melt.