词语用法辨析.ppt

1、名词用法辨析：1、sport、game、match、race 2、festival、holiday、vacation 3、journey、tour、trip、travel 4、sound、noise、voice 5、fish sport、game、match、race 的区别 sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.The 2008 Olym

2、pic Games will be held in Beijing.Our school football team won the league match They were strong and won the boat race.festival、holiday、vacation festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next

3、month.Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?journey、tour、trip、travel：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up

4、 his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.He has gone on a walking tour.He took several trips to Shanghai last year.Did you go to Santiago during your travels?Traveling through thick forests is dangerous.sound、noise、voice的区别 sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awak

5、e in the night.All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.fish的问题 指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool.I prefer fish to meat.代词辨析(1)some和 any (2)no和none (3)all和

6、both (4)every和each (5)either和neither (6)other、the other和another(7)many(7)many和和much much(8)few(8)few、littlelittle、a fewa few、a little a little(9)(9)复合不定代词复合不定代词 (10)one(10)one与与ones ones(11)so(11)so(12)a lot of(12)a lot of、lots oflots of、a number of(/large numbers of)a number of(/large numbers of)、a

7、 great deal ofa great deal of、plenty of plenty of(13)none(13)none、no oneno one、nobody nobody(14)(14)相互代词相互代词 some和 any 的用法 some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today.They will go there some day.some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar a

8、ny 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here.Have you got any questions to ask?any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.no和none的用法 no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left.Please hurry up They had no reading books to lend.none只能独立

9、使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom I have many books,but none is interesting.all和both的用法 all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.-Would you like

10、 this one or that one?Both.all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both+of the+名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All(of)(the)boys are naughty.every和each用法 every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 eve

11、ry和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.They are very busy.Each of them has something to do.either和neither的用法 either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont car

12、e much for what to drink.Either of the two will do.-Will you go there by bus or by car?Neither.I will go there by train.other、the other和another的用法 other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中作定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the gra

13、ss talking.You have had several cakes.Do you really want another one?I want another four books.another(另外的,再一,又一)指在原先基础上增加 the other(另外的一个)指所剩的最后一个，常用于onethe other句型。如：This is one of your socks.Where is the other one?I have eaten 4 cakes,but I still want another.others指“剩余的人/物”(泛指)；常用于someothers句型。t

14、he others指“其余的人/物”,(定指)。如：Some students are playing soccer while others are watching them.Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.many和much的用法 many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I dont have many friends here.Many died in the bus accident.We c

15、an learn much with the help of him.many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of;many/much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如：There are a lot of people on the playground.They havent got much work to do.There are too many people in the room.few、little、a few、a little的用法 few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a l

16、ittle意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money.Dont worry.There is still a little time left.In that polar region there live few people.You can get a few sweets from him.复合不定代词 由some,any,no,every,加上body,thi

17、ng 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,如：somebody,something,anything,nothing,everything,everybody。复合不定代词在句子中当单数使用。somebody,something,someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything,anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily.There is someone outside the door.Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?He has n

18、othing much to do today.one与ones one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如：Which jacket would you like,this one or that one?I dont like the green ones.so so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如：I dont think so.He lost a book.So did I.a lot of、lots of、a number of(/a large number of)、a great deal of、plenty of

19、 a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。a number of/a large number of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：A lot of people think that time is money.I dont ha

20、ve to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.I have a number of letters to write today.I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.none、no one、nobody的区别 no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；通常用来回答who.none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。常用来回答how many.如：No one knows

21、 how he managed to get the ticket.Nobody handed in his/their composition(s)yesterday.None of my friends came to see me that day.相互代词 相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others,one anothers。如：We must help each other when we are i

22、n trouble.They sat there without talking to one another.形容词的用法辨析 whole与all tall与high,short与low real与true interested与interesting such用法 good与well nice与fine too much与much too quick、fast与soon lonely与alone other与else special与especial gone、lost、missing living、alive、live、lively sick与ill区别(16)the+形容词(17)多个

23、形容词修饰名词whole与all whole 仅指一个整体；all 还可指全部不同个体。记住两个词序：the whole+名词；all(of)the+名词。如：He was busy the whole morning.He can remember all the words he learns.tall与high,short与low 指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short.Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.A few people live o

24、n high mountains.real与true real一般指客观存在,而不是想像的或虚构的，或指某物外表与其实质一致.译为“真的”；true主要是指符合真实情况，而不是编造的。即指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond and its very expensive.-Is that true?Yes.I heard it with my own ears.interested与interesting的区别 interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语.interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The m

25、an is very interesting and all the children like him.This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.I am interested in science.such用法 such+a(n)+名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的)boy.He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.good well nice fine 表示“

26、好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.Study well and make progress every day.-How are you?I am very well.nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share the nice cake.She is a nice girl.What a fine day!Hes fine recently.too much与much too too much表示“太多的”,修饰事

27、物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.That coat is much too dear.quick、fast与soon quick往往指反应速度快；fast往往指运动速度快；soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast,he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.A train is much faster than a bus.His father will be back to China

28、 very soon.lonely与alone lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.He is a lonely person.You can not easily get on well with him.other与else 两个词都可以作形容词.other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如

29、：The other students are on the playground.Who else can work out this math problem?This is nobody elses money.Its mine.Do you have anything else to say for yourself?gone、lost、missing的区别 gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失,迷失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语

30、、表语或宾补。如：My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.The parents found the lost child at last.My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away?For more detailed information of the missing girls,please visit our website.living、alive、live、lively的区别：living有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活

31、泼的”；live读 laiv,指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；alive作表语,指人“活着的”,与dead相对。如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。如：A living language should be learned orally。We have a living hope that you will succeed.Is she still alive?They are the happiest children alive.This is a live fish.A live wire is dang

32、erous.She is as lively as a kitten.He gave a lively description of the football match.sick与ill区别 sick和ill都表示“生病的”sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.the+形容词 “the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：

33、We must try our best to help the poor.The rich never know how the poor are living.多个形容词修饰名词顺序 冠词/物主代词/年龄/形状/大小/温度/色彩/来源/质地/材料/目的/用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)有关副词的重要注释(1)asas常构成一些词组 later、after、ago、before above、below、over、under too、also、either、nor enough、too、so、very、quite、very much sometimes、sometime、some times、so

34、me time how、what用于感叹句 already、yet hard与hardly like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best(11)quite/what+a+形容词+名词(12)how 的几个短语 no more、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer(17)既是形容词也是副词的单词(18)farther与further(19)rather与quite maybe、possibly、perhaps(21)most、mostly(22)(be)worth、(be)worthy of(23)almost、n

35、early(24)a bit与a little asas常构成一些词组 as soon as(一旦就),as well as(与一样),as long as只要 as+形容词/副词+as possible/sb.Can(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.注释“as long/much as+名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hund

36、red thousand yuan.They stayed in the cave as long as two weeks.later、after、ago、before“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。ago与before.ago只能用于过去时。副词before用于完成时.如：He had an accident a week ago.Some years later,the boy became a very famous singer.Have you

37、been there before?After a few years he gave up smoking.above、below、over、under的用法 在某一高度或标准以上/下用above和below,在某一物体垂直上/下方用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.A plane flew over quickly.on，above，over 0n强调某物在另一物体的表面上，两者为接触关系。如：There is a book on the desk above表示“离开某物的上方”，强调高于某一点或某一物体，但不一定在垂直的上

38、方。另外，above还可指温度、数量、年龄等。如：The temperature will stay above zero in the daytimeThere is a light above the table over表示垂直的上方或正上方，两物体之间有一定距离。如：There is a stone bridge over the river too、also、either、nor的用法 too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are

39、you American,too?He is not happy and I am not happy,either.He didnt watch the football game.Nor did I.You can also find the market is very good.enough、too、so、very、quite、very much enough(“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/qu

40、ite expensive.I dont like sweets very much.注意 very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.The film was very moving and everyone swept.You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.I dont like him much.sometimes、sometim

41、e、some times、some time sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.I will stay here some time.I will meet your father sometime.how、what用于感叹句的用法 对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如：What a fine day it is to

42、day!How difficult the problem is!already、yet的用法 在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?I have not had my breakfast yet.hard与hardly的用法 hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.You can hardly see a person spit in a public plac

43、e.“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法 quite/such/what.+a+形容词+名词;too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy.(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子)how 的几个短语 how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态；how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时

44、态；how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)no more、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer 表示时间,可以用no longer、not.any more、no.any longer,no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用no more

45、、not.any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里)Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)He didn t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟)既是形容词也是副词的单词有 early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久)Th

46、ink hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法)He is a very hard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)farther与further的用法区别 表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther.如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)Every on

47、e of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)rather与quite的用法区别 同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：not nice (fairly)nice quite nice rather nice very nice 如：Its quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)Its ra

48、ther a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)注意注意quite与rather后面的词序。maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别 maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)I couldnt possibly have finished such a long book in su

49、ch a short time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)most、mostly的区别 most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”；mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子

50、都淘气)This is the most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)(be)worth、(be)worthy of的区别 worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做).The house is worth￥300,