Unit 1 Using language 语法词性与句子成分（ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）词性与句子成分名词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）句子的组成成分叫句子成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)补语（complement）（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）1.主语（subject）:一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、或相当于名词的词或

2、短语充当。Everything is ready.The teacher is very kind(to us表语补足语).（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）2.谓语（verb）：通常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称与数上须保持一致。All of us laughed.We must act.情态动词：表示说话人的语气，无人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语，与动词原形共同做谓语。（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）3.宾语（object）:位于及物动词后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从

3、句或相当于名词的词或短语充当。直接宾语（direct speech）和间接宾语（indirect speech）直接宾语表示动作的承受者，一般是物；间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。He wrote many plays.She loves swimming.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）4.表语（predicative）:位于连系动词之后，说明主语是什么或怎么样。由名词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。He looks very angry.His job is looking after sheep.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌

4、乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）5.定语（attribute）：用来修饰限定名词或代词，相当于形容词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、数词、代词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、从句或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。It is an impressive story.Do you have time to help us?（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）6.状语(adverbial)：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句或相当于副词的词或短语充当。We lik

5、e English very much.Her uncle lives in Canada.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）7.补语（complement）：通常指宾语补足语，位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。He told us to stay.I ve never seen her dancing.(宾语与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系、系表关系、动宾关系)（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）三英语五种基本句型列式如下：1.（主谓）2.（主系表）3.（主谓宾）4.（主谓间宾直宾）5 （主谓宾宾补）（昌乐一中

6、聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）四基本句型 一：+（主谓）(1).The sunrose.太阳升起来了。(2).Who cares?管它呢？(3).What he said does not matter.他所讲的没什么关系。（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）基本句型 二：（主系表）(1).This/is/an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。(2).The dinner/smells/good.午餐的气味很好。(3).Everything/looks/different.一切看来都不同了。（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）基本句型 三：（主谓宾

7、）(1).Who/knows/the answer?谁知道答案？(2).He/has refused/to help them.他拒绝帮他们。(3).He/enjoys/reading.他喜欢看书。（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）基本句型 四：（主谓间宾直宾）(1).She ordered herself(人)a new dress.(物)她给自己定了一套新衣裳。(2).He brought you(人)a dictionary.(物)他给你带来了一本字典。（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）基本句型 五：（主谓宾宾补）1.The war made him a soldier.（H

8、e is a soldier）战争使他成为一名战士.系表结构2.New methods make the job easy.（The jod is easy系表结构）新方法使这项工作变得轻松.3.I often find him at work.（He at work主谓结构）我经常发现他在工作.4.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.（The students to close the windows主谓结构）5.I saw a cat running across the road.(A cat runn

9、ing across the road主谓结构）我看见一只猫跑过了马路.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）P6 Match the sentences that share the same structures.1.I saw a white-haired man.2.I replied3.He gave me a smile.4.I breathed deeply5.I looked at them in panic6.I was embarrassed.7.His words made me a lot more relaxed!（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）P6 Mat

10、ch the sentences that share the same structures.1.I saw a white-haired man.(主谓宾)2.I replied.(主谓)3.He gave me a smile.(主谓间宾直宾)4.I breathed deeply(主谓状)5.I looked at them in panic(主谓宾状)6.I was embarrassed.(主系表)7.His words made me a lot more relaxed!(主谓宾宾补)（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）a.He was friendly.b.The exa

11、m made me quite nervous.c.I passed him a book.d.She agreed.e.He wrote a long letter.f.He talked loudly.g.She looked after her sister patiently.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）a.He was friendly.(主系表)b.The exam made me quite nervous.(主谓宾宾补)c.I passed him a book.(主谓间宾直宾)d.She agreed.(主谓)e.He wrote a long letter.(主

12、谓宾)f.He talked loudly.(主谓状)g.She looked after her sister patiently.(主谓宾状)（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）1.There is an English Corner in our school.2.I have something interesting to tell you.3.The games were very useful in my life.4.She made her diary her best friend.5.I began school at six.6.I am looking forwa

13、rd to doing this.7.I have bought you some books.8.For Tim,that dream has come true.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）I.1.S 2.At 3.S 4.OC 5.Ad 6.O 7.DO 8.V（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）II.1.We always work hard at English.2.He said he didnt come.3.They love each other.4.What did you buy?5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.（昌乐一中聊城分校）（昌乐一中聊城分校）II.1.We always work hard at English.S Ad V Ad O2.He said he didnt come.S V S V3.They love each other.S V O4.What did you buy?O S V5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.S V O OC